• Central Nervous System (CNS)–Forebrain: “New and Old Cortex”–Midbrain–Hindbrain

• Peripheral Nervous System–Somatic (Skeletal)–Autonomic

How is the nervous system relevant to behavior?

Brain

Spinal cord

(nerves) afferent and efferent

(tracts)

(See Gleitman, p. 51)

• Medial-Lateral:

• Anterior-Posterior:

• Ventral-Dorsal:

“Geography” of the spinal cord and brain:

middle to side

head to tail

front to back

forehead to back

chin to top

middle to side

spinal cord brain

How is the central nervous system organized?

Nervous System

Central

Peripheral

Brain

Spinal Cord

Autonomic

Skeletal

Forebrain

Midbrain

Hindbrain

Sympathetic(arousing)

Parasympathetic (calming)

ReciprocalInhibition

• Chemical and electrical stimulation• Lesioning and ablating• Electroencephalogram (EEG)

(See Gleitman p. 44)

• CAT, PET, MRI, and FMRI scans(See Gleitman p. 45)

How do we observe and study the central nervous system in action?

Thalamus

HypothalamusAmygdala

Hippocampus

Reticular Activating System

Midbrain:

Cerebellum

Limbic structures:

Hindbrain:

Cerebral cortex

(Corpus callosum)

Forebrain:

Medulla

See Gleitman pp. 9, 49)

Longitudinal fissure

Central fissure

(Primary somatosensory area )

Parietal lobe

front

Frontal lobe

(Primary motor area)

(including Broca’s area)

(including auditory area)

Temporal lobe (including Wernicke’s area)

(See Gleitman, p. 52)

Occipital lobe

(Visual area)

What are some of the specialized functions of the Cerebral Cortex?

Frontal lobe

Parietal lobe

Temporal lobe

Occipital lobe

Association cortex

In front of centralfissure

Memory,Movement

Behind frontallobe

Somatosensory

Below parietallobe

Speech andhearing

Back of head Vision

Between parietal,temporal,occipital lobes

Complex behaviors,thinking

Location Function

Psychology Department researchers in neuroscience at the St. George Campus:

• Professor Eve De Rosa– Neural basis of learning and memory

• Professor Martin Ralph– Circadian rhythms and the brain

• Professor John Yeomans– Brain mapping, motivation and emotion

• Professor Franco Vaccarino– Brain mechanisms and neuropsychiatric

disorders• Professor Homer Simpson

– Neural basis of beer drinking

Important material in chapter 2, not discussed in lectures:• Role of the two cerebral hemispheres

• Properties of different neurotransmitters

• Communication via the endocrine system

• Disorders of action, perception, and language

• Tasty brain recipes