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CENTRE FOR EXCELLENCE FOR GEOTHERMAL ENERGY – PDPU

DRILLING OF ONE GEOTHERMAL PARAMETRIC WELL IN DHOLERA

ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENT IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | MARCH 2018 96

S No.

Project Activity

Identified Aspect

Impact Scoring

Significance/

Consequence

Operation Controls/Mitigati

on Measures Severit

y S

Likelihood of

ocuurance L

Final Scor

e C×P

C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8

2.1

Setting up the rig floor and derrick, handrails, guardrails,

stairs, walkways, ladders,

flare stack, drilling fluid circulating system &

other equipment

and machinery

Noise generatio

n 1 3 3 Low Risk

Proper acoustic enclosures will be

provided

2.2 Drilling process

Noise generatio

n 2 5 10 High Risk

Acoustic enclosures will be provided.

Earplugs and Earmuffs will be

provided to workers.

4.5.3 Assessment of Noise using SoundPlan

Noise modeling study was done using the Software tool called “Sound Plan”, using SoundPlan essential 3.0 software. Which predicts the Noise Map generated due to the sources present at the project site, and predicts the Noise Levels at various receiver points due to the sources present at the project site?

To analyze the Noise Map of the project site, first, the geometrically coordinated Google Earth images of the Project site were imported into the software. Various Sources of noise were added with their approximate Sound Pressure Levels, and the “Receiver points” were added at various locations where Noise Monitoring was conducted.

“SoundPlan” generates the Noise Map with colored pattern isopleths, which indicate whether or not the SPL in that particular region is above the limits mentioned by CPCB or not. If the Limit for Sound Pressure Level indicated by CPCB for that particular area is 75 dB during the day, and if the predicted SPL is below that, the Noise Map will show pink color for that area. But if the SPL is above the “user set” allowable limit, the same will be shown in other color depending upon the Difference between then Predicted SPL and the Allowable SPL, and the “Conflict” in SPL is mentioned in the table if any conflict is predicted..

4.5.4 Consideration during the analysis

The following consideration were taken during the analysis.

Noise modeling for all the wells is not required since majority of noise is going to be created during the drilling operation i.e. drilling of Rig, DG sets, Compressor etc. Further, all the wells are not going to be drilled simultaneously and only 3 or 4 drilling rigs would be operational at a time.





Thus, noise modeling has been performed at a distance of 50,100,150,200,250 and 500 m from the drilling rig.

The sources considered at the project site for the analysis with their approximate Sound Pressure Levels are considered slightly on the higher side for more critical analysis. The sources of noise considered are as Table 4-11

Table 4-11: Sources of noise with their sound pressure levels

S. No. Sources Levels dB(A)

Day Night

1. Operation of Rig 105 105 2. DG. Set 85 85 3. Pump 85 85

Using above consideration the isopleths generated during daytime and nighttime are as given in Figure 4-4 and Figure 4-5

CENTRE FOR EXCELLENCE FOR GEOTHERMAL ENERGY – PDPU DRILLING OF ONE GEOTHERMAL PARAMETRIC WELL IN DHOLERA ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENT IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES


Figure 4-4: Isopleths generated during daytime



Figure 4-5: Isopleths generated during nighttime





Observations

The sound pressure levels were predicted at different sources as mentioned above. The observations are:

The project site is located in a designated residential area and commercial area, where the CPCB limits defined for Noise Levels are in residential area 55 dB during the day and 45 dB during the night and commercial area 65 dB during day and 55 dB during night time. However, sound pressure levels are considered on higher side for more critical analysis.

Since the sources of noise are present within the project site, near boundary wall of the project site being present, increase beyond 55 dB at the site was not observed.

From Figure 4-4 and Figure 4-5, it can be observed at project site, noise is predicted in the range of 50 dB (A) -60 dB (A) which is within the permissible limit for industrial area.

Table 4-12: Noise level Prediction

S. No.

Receiver Location

CPCB Limits in dB (A)

Baseline Average Noise

levels in dB (A)

Predicted Cumulative Noise

level dB (A)

Incremental increase in

Noise level dB (A)

Day Night Day Night Day Night Day Night

1. 400m NW from Project Site 55.0 45.0 53.9 44.7 54.1 45.8 0.2 1.1

2. 500 SW from Project Site 55.0 45.0 53.5 45.0 53.6 45.2 0.1 0.2

3. Dholera Village 55.0 45.0 55.3 45.1 55.4 45.4 0.1 0.3

4. Bhimtalav Village 55.0 45.0 55.4 45.8 55.5 46.1 0.1 0.3

5. Bhavani Hotel 65.0 55.0 58.5 51.1 58.8 51.7 0.3 0.6

4.6 Hydrology

Most of the taluka area falling in over exploited category from the groundwater development point of view because of desaturation due to over exploitation there is an emergence of rearrangement of grains which may one of the cause for disturbing elastic properties of confined aquifer. Now under present project for the generation of electricity, thermal energy available from hot water of deep aquifer is to be utilize, that indicates more stress is to be imposed on deep aquifer. Summing all the factors mentioned above is likely to disturb the natural conditions, consequent upon which the probability of land subsidence in and around the study area cannot be ruled out. And hence during this project study fixing of bench mark indicating present ground level is imperative which may help to know and study, any likely subsidence if any during project implementation or during post project period.

4.6.1 Mitigation Measures

The water to be pumped is having saline water quality (High TDS) in eventuality of excess water generation at its spread from the ground is likely to deteriorate surface soil condition and pollute the top soil layers and hence necessary arrangement need to be made to dispose it off excess water generated during the production of thermal power is to be disposed at safe place deep into sea.





4.7 Soil Quality

During Drilling, Soil quality may be affected by setting up of rig and associated machinery and will continue till the site is restored to its original condition. The impacts would be degradation of soil or change in its structure due to compaction and erosion during site preparation activities and plying of trucks during site preparation and operational phase.

Table 4-13: Impact scoring for Soil

Code Impacting Activity

Impact Scoring

Basis of scoring Severity S

Likelihood of Occurance

L

Final Score S x L

C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6

2.0 Preparation of Site

2.1

Clearance of vegetation at

site and preparation of

approach roads

-2 2 -4 Moderate impact as activity restricted to

one hectare area

2.2 Excavation and paving of site -2 2 -4

Moderate impact as top soil will be used

for land filling of garden area

2.3

Vehicle movement for transportation

of rig, materials and equipment

-2 2 -4

Positive impact as soil gets compacted and reduction in soil erosion due to wind

& water 3.0 Rigging up and Drilling

3.1

Setting up the rig floor and

derrick, handrails,

guard rails, stairs,

walkways, ladders, flare stack, drilling

fluid circulating system & other equipment and

machinery

-2 3 -6

Major impact if accidental spillage is

there in the adjoining areas

3.2 Workforce

accommodation & sanitation

-2 2 -4

Moderate impact as sock pits will be

prepared as per the requirement of work

force

3.3 Chemical and fuel storage -2 2 -4

Chances of spillage are there, but will be restricted to

storage place only

3.5 Preparation of drilling fluid -2 3 -6

Major impact on soil quality if mud liquid spillage is there as it is highly saline IN

NATURE





Code Impacting

Activity

Impact Scoring

Basis of scoring Severity S

Likelihood of Occurance

L

Final Score S x L

C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6

3.6 Drilling process -2 2 -4 Moderate impact due to spillage of

drilling fluid

3.7 Installation of casing -2 2 -4

Moderate impact due to spillage of

drilling fluid

3.8 Circulating and cementing -2 2 4

Moderate impact due to spillage of

drilling fluid

3.9

Storage, handling and disposal of

solid/hazardous waste

-2 2 -4 Moderate impact due to spillage of stored material

3.10

Storage, handling and disposal of

waste water

-2 2 -4 Waste water may not have

4.0 Decommissioning

4.1

Dismantling of Rig and

Associated Machinery

-2 3 -6 Major impact due todebris on soil

quality

Mitigation Measures

During excavation there may increase in soil erosion, level the soil by cutting & filling Spillage of construction materials/mud fluid may be taken care of to avoid soil contamination

and deterioration on soil quality as cement is highly alkaline Spillage of paints, diesel etc. take care to avoid soil contamination If soil becomes saline/alkaline due to fall of construction materials; use gypsum, organic

manures and provide drainage for removal

4.8 Ecology and Biodiversity

4.8.1 Likely Impacts on Flora fauna

Impact Zone Identification and Description

Area of 1 kilometre around the each well site has been considered as impact zone. So, impact zone mainly covers three habitats i.e. agriculture fields, water body and waste land (with scrub).

Likely Impacts on Ecological Components

As discussed earlier, environmental aspects and impacts have been identified based on an assessment of environmental aspects associated with the project. Potential impacts on Ecology and Biodiversity are given in Table 4-14





Table 4-14: Aspect – Impact Identification

Quantification of Impacts

Impacts on the flora, fauna and habitats have assessed in the following table on the basis of multiplication of consequence and probability scorings. Two major activities found to be impacting to the ecological components. Final scores are obtained for impacting activities and they are tabulated bellow in Table 4-15.

Table 4-15: Impact Scoring

Code Impact Consequence - Probability Description / Justification

Impact Scoring

Remarks Severit

y, S

Likelihood of

Occurance, L

Final Score S x L

C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6

1. Preparation of Site

1.1

Impact-1: Site possesses common floral species. Clearance of these species will not

result in loss of flora in true sense. -3 1 -3 Low Risk

Impact-2: Site supports only generalist / common species in study area. -3 1 -3 Low Risk

2. Rigging up and Drilling

2.1 Impact-3: Site specific disturbance to common fauna -1 5 -5 Moderate

Risk

2.2 Impact-4: Destruction of surrounding flora/fauna including terrestrial and aquatic -5 1 -5 Moderate

Risk


Looking towards the likely impacts following mitigation measures will be implemented. Details regarding plantation scheme and plant species have been described in the conservation plan.

Table 4-16: Likely Impacts and Mitigation Measures Code Likely Impacts Mitigation Measures

C1 C2 C3


1.1 Site specific loss of floral diversity

S. No. Project Activities / Aspects Likely Impacts on Ecology and Biodiversity (EB)

C1 C2 C3


1.1 Removal of site vegetation Impact-1: Site specific loss of common floral diversity

Impact-2: Site specific loss of associated faunal diversity

1.2 Vehicle movement for transportation of materials and equipment : Generation of

noise

Impact-4. Site specific disturbance to normal faunal movements at the site


2.1 Generation of noise and vibration Impact-5. Site specific disturbance to normal faunal movements





Code Likely Impacts Mitigation Measures C1 C2 C3

1.2 Site specific loss of faunal diversity

No immediate action required. However plantation will be developed in study area, which will improve floral and faunal

diversity of the project area.

1.4 Site specific disturbance to

normal faunal movements at the site

No immediate action required because all species reported from project site are common and well adapted to the routine urban

activities.


1.5 Site specific disturbance to common fauna and flora Operational controls.

1.6 Destruction of surrounding

flora/fauna including terrestrial and aquatic

It is a rare accidental event which requires continuous surveillance.

4.9 Socio- Economic Environment

Critical analysis of the existing socio-economic profile of the area vis-à-vis its scenario with proposed project activities identifies the following impacts

The proposed activities shall generate indirect employment in the region due to the requirement of workers, supply of raw material, auxiliary and ancillary works, which would marginally improve the economic status of the people.

The activities would result in an increase in local skill levels through exposure to activities.

As the existing loose / soft surface roads, may be upgraded to facilitate the movement of the heavy equipment required, the project in turn would lead to improvement in transport facilities.


Proper compensation for land on Government rates will be provided by project proponent

Approach roads will be upgraded to facilitate heavy vehicular movement

The project proponent will provide temporary employment opportunities to the local people of the villages.

Considering the above mitigation measures as well as the other conditions, the impact scores on socio economic environment are likely to be as mentioned in Table 4-18.

Table 4-17: Impact scoring of Socio-economic


Impact Scoring

Remarks Consequence, C

Probabilit

y, P

Final Score C x P

C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6

1 Land lease or purchase

2 2 (+4)

This will have positive impact as PDPU will

provide compensation as per Government approved

rates to the owners

2 1 (-2) Due to the loss in agriculture productivity as






Impact Scoring

Remarks Consequence, C

Probabilit

y, P

Final Score C x P

C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 land would be converted

to exploration site from its designated use.

2

Clearance of vegetation at site and

preparation of approach roads

1 3 (+3) This is a positive impact due to creation of jobs,

3 Excavation and paving of site 1 3 (+3)

This is a positive impact due to gain in income

from generation of employment

4 Work force

accommodation and sanitation

1 2 (+2) This is a positive impact considering creation of

jobs/income

1 1 (-1)

This is considering possible migration from

outside which may change existing social

profile of area

4.10 Occupational Health and Risk to Surrounding Community

Site preparation, drilling and post drilling activities, etc may involve many occupational health hazards to the workers at site.

Noise generated during drilling operation may affect the workers and staff members

Handling of chemicals, fuel, may cause health hazard if not handled properly

Uncontrolled flow of hydrocarbon or other fluids during blow out may cause serious health injuries including fatality of workers as well as surrounding communities.

4.11 Risk and Hazards

In this section, the possibilities of accidental events that may be encountered in the proposed project are assessed. Details of the hazards and safety measures have been identified. The analysis is based on known potential failure causes for HSD storage in the proposed project and past experience of the consultants.

4.11.1 Hazard Identification

Hazard Associated with Proposed Activities

The project description, and other project related data provided by the client have been comprehensively reviewed to identify the hazardous operations. Also the information on the hazardous properties (MSDS) of all the chemicals handled at the site have been reviewed to identify the hazards associated with the same. Key equipment associated with potential hazards is summarized in Table 4-18.





Table 4-18: Key Plant Equipment with Quantities, Material Contained & Operating Conditions

S. No. Component MOC No. /

Quantity

Maximum Operating Pressure

/ Flow Rate

Control System / Indicators

1

2” diameter piping (for transportation of

HSD from storage tank to D.G Set & Diesel generator)

MS Length: 30 m 1 kg/cm2

Visual observation

2 HSD Fuel Storage Tank MS 40 KL

1 kg/cm2 (Hydrostatic pressure

in case of partial leaks)

Level indicator, earthing, flame arrestor & visual

observation

Hazardous Inventory

Definition of hazardous chemical is based on the Manufacture, Storage, & Import of Hazardous Chemicals Rules, 1989 as amended in 2008 with inputs from MSDS’ of relevant chemicals and available database software such as the United States Environment Protection Agency (USEPA’s) CAMEO software suite.

Flammable Liquids

HSD is a flammable liquid. Release of HSD from storage tank have been considered in the present study.

Event Classification and Modes of Failure

Component failures are the initiating events for the failure scenarios, which can escalate to consequences like fires, explosions and equipment damage. Eventual failures could be in the form of small gasket leaks in a flange joint or guillotine failure of a pipeline or even rupture / catastrophic failure of equipment. Major failure modes identified in this project are:

Storage tank (HSD) - small/large leaks & catastrophic rupture

Hazards that can lead to accidents in operations are discussed in this section. Important hazardous events are classified and defined in Table 4.19

Table 4-19: Event Classification Type of Event Description

BLEVE Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion; may happen due to catastrophic failure

of refrigerated or pressurized gases or liquids stored above their boiling points, followed by early ignition of the same, typically leading to a fire ball

Deflagration Is the same as detonation but with reaction occurring at less than sonic velocity and initiation of the reaction at lower energy levels

Detonation A propagating chemical reaction of a substance in which the reaction front advances in the unreacted substance at or greater than sonic velocity in the

unreacted material Explosion A release of large amount of energy that form a blast wave

Fire Fire Fireball

The burning of a flammable gas cloud on being immediately ignited at the edge

before forming a flammable/explosive mixture.

Flash Fire A flammable gas release gets ignited at the farthest edge resulting in flash-back fire





Type of Event Description

Spill Release ‘Loss of containment’. Release of fluid or gas to the surroundings from unit’s own equipment / tanks causing (potential) pollution and / or risk of explosion and / or

fire

Structural Damage Breakage or fatigue failures (mostly failures caused by weather but not necessarily) of structural support and direct structural failures

Vapour Cloud Explosion

Explosion resulting from vapour clouds formed from flashing liquids or non-flashing liquids and gases

MCLS Selected for Consequence Assessment

On the basis of the discussions in this chapter, the MCLS’ selected for further study are described in Table 4-20

Table 4-20: Event Classification

S. No.

Component

MOC

No. / Quant

ity

Material(s)

Modeled

Types of

Failure Possible

Maximum

Operating

Pressure /

Flow Rate

Consequences

Studied

Control System

/ Indicat

ors

Remarks

1.

HSD Storage Tank

MS 1 No. (40 KL)

Flammable

liquid: HSD

10 mm, 25 mm hole in tank

Catastrophic

Rupture of

storage tank

(100% contents)

1 kg/cm2 (Hydrost

atic pressure in case

of partial leaks)

Pool Fire & Explosion

Level indicator

, earthing, flame arrestor & visual observat

ion

Stoppage by operat

or

4.11.2 Consequence Analysis

Consequence analysis is accomplished by estimating various components required prior to accomplishing the final task of risk assessment. Risk is considered to be a function of frequency (likelihood of occurrence of a given event) and damage (generally expressed in terms of fatalities to people; but also injuries and property damage) caused by the occurrence of the event. Before estimating damage, it is required to find out the release quantities and their primary consequences. This is done using intermediate steps of source modelling and consequence assessment. These steps are described in this section.

Toxic, flammable and explosive substances released from sources of storage as a result of failures or catastrophes, can cause losses in the surrounding area in the form of:

Toxic gas dispersion, resulting in toxic levels in ambient air, Fires, fireballs, and flash back fires, resulting in a heat wave (radiation), or Explosions (Vapour Cloud Explosions) resulting in blast waves (overpressure) Consequence of Fire/ Heat Wave

The effect of thermal radiation on people is mainly a function of intensity of radiation and exposure time. The effect is expressed in terms of the probability of death and different degrees of burns.





Table 4-21: Damage due to Radiation Intensity Radiation Kw/m2 Damage to Equipment Damage to People

1.2 Solar heat at noon 1.6 - Minimum level of pain threshold 2.0 PVC insulated cable damage

4.0 - Causes pain if duration is longer than 20 sec. But blistering is unlikely.

6.4 - Pain threshold reached after 8 sec. Second degree burns after 20 sec.

12.5 Minimum energy to ignite wood with a flame; melts plastic tubing.

1% lethality in one minute. First degree burns in 10 sec.

16.0 - Severe burns after 5 sec.

25.0 Minimum energy to ignite wood at identifying long exposure without

a flame.

100% lethality in 1 min. Significant injury in 10 sec.

37.5 Severe damage to plant 100% lethality in 1 min. 50% lethality in 20 sec. 1% lethality in 10 sec.

Table 4-22: Overpressure Damage Overpressure bar Damage

1 Fatality 0.41 Ear Drum Rupture to humans 0.2 Structural Damage to buildings 0.03 Glass Damage

Reference: World Bank Technical Paper no. 55- Technical Ltd. For assessing hazards – A manual

Consequence of Containment Failure and Release of Material into Environment

The model is very useful in risk assessment studies where, frequency results provided in this report are based on the above, generalized, algorithm and from published failure data.

Weather condition selected are 2/B (prevalent during the day), 1.5/E (prevalent during the night) and 4.0/D (prevalent during monsoons) has been considered for modelling.

Release of HSD

During Drilling, Release of HSD can occur from two scenarios.

Release of HSD due to 25mm hole in HSD storage tank, and catastrophic failure of the HSD storage tank.

Table 4-23: Radiation Level and Effect Distance

Failure Scenarios

Consequences Met. Effect Distance in Meters to Radiation Level

Data 4 kW/m2 12.5 kW/m2 37.5 kW/m2

Drilling

25 mm eq. dia leak in HSD Storage Tank

Jet fire

5/B 0.874 NR NR

4/D 0.855 NR NR

3/E 0.838 NR NR

Early Pool fire

5/B 22.28 15.61 7.84

4/D 22.06 15.23 7.49

3/E 21.78 14.76 7.13





Failure Scenarios

Consequences Met. Effect Distance in Meters to Radiation Level

Data 4 kW/m2 12.5 kW/m2 37.5 kW/m2

Late Pool Fire

5/B 62.01 14.39 NR

4/D 60.41 23.81 NR

3/E 58.08 23.11 NR

Catastrophic rupture of HSD storage tank

Late pool fire

5/B 134.91 54.21 NR 4/D 131.24 53.70 NR

3/E 125.95 52.94 NR

N.R – Not Reached



Figure 4-6: Risk Contour for late pool fire due to 25 mm equivalent Diameter Leak in HSD Tank at Weather Condition 5/B



Figure 4-7: Risk Contour for late pool fire due to Catastrophic Rupture of HSD Tank at Weather Condition 5/B



ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES


4.11.3 Safety Consideration while Installation of Drilling Site Facilities

Site Layout

The site layout and buildings will be designed considering the following key safety issues:

The wind direction will be taken into consideration and then respective facilities will be arranged in the plot plan

The site perimeter will be appropriately fenced in the interests of security and public safety Emergency exits and safe assembly point will be provided in all facilities as per regulatory

requirements

Drilling Site Facilities

Adequate general lighting arrangements shall be provided during working hours at the following places:

Where the natural lighting is insufficient; Derrick floor; Driller’s stand and control panel; Monkey board; Derrick sub-structure near blowout preventer controls; Every place where persons are to work; Every means of escape, access or egress;

Fire Protection

Suitable fire-fighting equipment will be provided to take care of any eventuality.

Personnel Safety

PDPU HSE policy shall be implemented at site Suitable Personal Protective Equipment will be provided to all personnel and PPE policy shall

be implemented Essential equipment such as eyewash facilities shall be provided at relevant locations Antidotes for all chemicals being used as per MSDS shall be kept ready at the site First aid box shall be kept at site and training to staff for first aid shall be provided Work permit systems / Job Safety analysis / Tool box talk to be strictly followed HSE training shall be incorporated into routine activities Every person employed at site where firefighting equipment may be required to be used, shall

be trained in the use of equipment & regular fire drills / emergency evacuation drill etc shall be held for this purpose.


PDPU shall make sure that all the contractors working at site shall undergo Period medical checkup in two stages which include clinical examination and laboratory test if required

During construction, appropriate PPE shall be provided to site workers and staff members Acoustic enclosures will be provided to DG sets and other noise generating equipment PDPU shall develop and implement a spill management plan to prevent risk of spill which may

cause health problem

Considering the above mitigation measures as well as the other conditions, the impact scores on Occupational Health and Community Safety are likely to be as mentioned in Table 4-24



ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES


Table 4-24: Impact Scoring of Occupational Health, Community Health & Safety


Impact Scoring

Remarks Severity S

Likelihood

of Occurance

L

Final Score S x L

C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6

1

Clearance of vegetation at site and

preparation of approach roads

-1 2 -2 -

2 Excavation and paving of site -1 2 -2 -

3

Vehicle Movement for transportation of rig,

materials and equipment

- 1 1 -1 -

4

Setting up the rig floor and derrick, handrails,

guardrails, stairs, walkways, ladders ,

flare stack, drilling fluid circulating system & other equipment and

machinery

-1 1 -1 -

5 Workforce

accommodation & Sanitation

-2 2 -4

Probability is given higher score since,

Safety Performance 2011 data of OGP shows %

fatalities in land travel of about 23%, which is highest amongst all activities involved in

drilling operation

6 Chemical and fuel storage -2 2 -4

Consequence is given a low score since PDPU follow safety rules and regulation strictly and

provide PPE to workers onsite and has good past

records

7 Preparation of Drilling Fluid -1 1 -1 Low risk

8 Storage handling and

disposal of solid/ hazardous waste

-2 2 -4 Low Risk

9 Storage, handling and

disposal of waste water

-1 2 -2

10 Dismantling of rig and associated machinery -2 2 -4 -


DRILLING OF ONE GEOTHERMAL PARAMETRIC WELL IN DHOLERA ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES


5 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES (Technology & Site)

5.1 Alternative Locations

The seismic survey consider the probability of finding hydrocarbon reserve while suggesting locations of wells to be drille, However these suggested locations have small margin of flexibility, which will be exercised by maitaning the safe distance from the nearest habitation.

5.2 Alternative Drilling Technologies

WBM stabilization technology is selected as it used water based mud which is more eco- friendly compared to oil based mud.



ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM


6 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM

The following monitoring activities shall be carried out on a regular basis throughout the operation to ensure a high level of environmental performance being maintained:

Ambient Air monitoring, Noise monitoring at workplace Flue gas analysis Drill Cutting and Drill cutting wash water analysis Drinking water Sanitation facilities at camp-sites Disposal of domestic wastewater to soak pit Collection and disposal of kitchen waste, garbage, plastic waste, cables, used oil drums Use of PUC certified Transportation system, controlled movement of vehicles on kuchha roads to

reduce dust generation Monitoring of required fire extinguishers at HSD storage area. Monitoring of Usage of safety appliances like ear plugs/muffs, helmets etc

Table 6-1: Environmental Monitoring Plan EI No

Environmental Indicator(EI)

Monitoring Parameter Location Period & Frequency

A DESIGN AND PLANNING A.1 Proximity of nearest

Habitation Distance between the drill site and nearest habitation

Site Once in project lifecycle

A.2 Location and Size of Land Leased

Number of land owners affected Total area leased for the drill sites

(Ha)

Site Once in project lifecycle

A.3 Present Crop Cycle Crop period (in months) Site Once in project lifecycle

B APPROACH ROAD & SITE DEVELOPMENT B.1 Topsoil Area occupied for topsoil storage/

Area planned for topsoil storage Height of topsoil stockpile

Site Weekly during site preparation

B.2 Subsoil Compaction Visual observation of compacted

area/ trampled vegetation / crops Adjacent to

Site & approach

roads

Daily during site preparation

B.3 Fugitive emission of dust during

material handling and storage

Visual observation of dust in air by haziness

Near stockpiles and storages

Daily during the entire project life-

cycle

C DRILLING & TESTING ACTIVITY C.1 Gaseous pollutant

emissions from DG Set

Pollutant concentrations in gaseous emissions and maintenance

parameters (air, fuel filters & air-fuel ratio) of DG sets influencing air emissions. Emission rates of SPM, NOx, SOx, CO, HC based

on emission factors

DG Stack

During drilling & testing





EI No



C.2 Noise emission from DG Sets, Rig

and other machinery / Vehicle

Noise pressure level in dB(A) Number of cases of workers not

using PPE

Near noise sources (5m)

During the drlling operation (day &

night)

C.3 Spilled Chemicals/Oil Area of Spill /Quantity Spilled/ Severity of Spill / Characterization

of Spilled Substances for Contaminants (Heavy Metals,

Toxics, etc.) Storage & Disposal Details (Qty, Method)

Site

As and when spills occur

C.4 Fugitive emission of cement dust during

handling and storage

Visual observation of cement dust in air by haziness

Near stockpiles and storages

Daily during the entire project life-

cycle

C.5 Waste Oil and Lubricants

Volume of waste generated in it Storage& disposal details (qty,

method)

At storage point within

site

Daily during Drilling operation

C.6 Spent batteries Numbers, size Storage & disposal details (qty, method)

Authorisation of waste recyclers of spent batteries


site

Daily during entire life-cycle of

project

C.7 Metallic, packing, scrap waste

Mass generated in kg Storage & disposal details (qty, method)


site

Daily during drilling operation

C.8 Emissions from Flaring

Total CO, Non-Methane Hydrocarbons, NOx emission estimates based on emission

factors

Flare Stack

Once during well testing

C.9 Domestic Solid Waste

Mass of waste generated in kg Storage & disposal details (qty,

method and frequency)


site

Daily during entire life-cycle of

project C.10 Waste water

quantity & quality (Process water)

All parameters as per CTE At discharge point

Twice during drilling operation

C.11 Evacuation Procedures

Arrangements for safe shelters, evacuation routes and vehicles

Nearby villages/ camp site workers

Once during Drilling phase

C.12 Ambient Air Quality Measurement of PM10, PM2.5, SOx, NOx, CO, VOC

At surrounding receptor points

& testing

Twice during drilling operation

C.13 Ambient noise

quality Hearing / perception Measurement of Noise Pressure Level in dB(A)

At surrounding receptor points

Daily during drilling & testing

Monthly during drilling & testing

D DECOMMISSIONING / CLOSURE D.1 Decommissioning

waste Mass generated in kg Storage & disposal details (qty, method)


site

Daily during entire life-cycle of project





EI No



D.2 Soil Fertility Fertility parameters like pH, NPK ratio, Total Carbon, etc.

Site & adjacent areas

Once after site restoration


DRILLING OF ONE GEOTHERMAL PARAMETRIC WELL IN DHOLERA ADDITIONAL STUDIES


7 ADDITIONAL STUDIES

7.1 Public Consultation

Will be covered after completion of public consultation

7.2 Risk Assessment

Risk Assessment is covered in Chapter 4

7.3 Disaster Management Plan

In view of the hazardous nature of products / process handled by the PDPU, Disaster Management Plans (DMPs) has been prepared. These plans are based on various probable scenarios like Well Blow Out, Fire, Explosion, Natural Calamities etc. The consequence arising out of such incidents are accurately predicted with the help of latest technique available by various Risk Analysis Studies. To minimize the extent of damage consequent to any disaster and restoration of normalcy is the main purpose of DMP. There are on site Emergency Plans that deal with handling of the emergency within boundary of the plants mainly with the help of industry’s own resources. Also when the damage extends to the neighbouring areas, affecting local population beyond boundaries of plant, Off-site Emergency plans is put into action in which quick response and services of many agencies are involved e.g. Government, Fire Services, Civil defence, Medical, Police, Army, Voluntary organizations etc.

7.3.1 Objective of DMP

The following are the main objective of Disaster Management Plan:

Safeguarding lives both at installations and in neighborhood. Containing the incident & bringing it under control. Minimizing damage to property & environment. Resuscitation & treatment of causalities. Evacuating people to safe area. Identifying persons and to extend necessary welfare assistance to causalities. Finally when situation is controlled, efforts are to be made to return to normal or near normal

conditions.

7.3.2 Disaster Management Plan: Structure

Following are the key elements of DMP:

Basis of the plan Accident prevention procedures / measures Accident/ emergency response planning procedures Recovery procedure

7.3.3 Types of Anticipated Hazard

The following are two major disasters likely to happen during the drilling activity:

Well Blowout Fire / Explosion




7.3.4 Well Blow out

Blow-out is the worst situation, which may arise during drilling, work-over operations, perforation, and reservoir studies at active wells etc. or due to some unforeseen reasons.

A blow out, though rare, is the worst accident that can occur in a drilling operation that is often accompanied by fire and explosion exposing workers to serious danger to their lives, burns and poisoning. To understand the failure modes resulting to formation of kick and subsequent blow outs we have to understand the safety systems installed for blow out prevention.

Prevention of blow outs rests primarily on control of any kick in the well bore. A kick means entry of formation fluids into well bore in large enough quantity to require shutting in the well under pressure. Once a kick is detected, steps can be taken to control entry of formation fluids into the well bore by over balancing the expected bottom hole pressure with properly conditioned mud and operation of safety valves i.e. BOP, whereby the space between the drill pipes and the casings can be closed and well itself shut off completely. Several instruments are provided on a drilling rig for detection of kicks.

Instrumentation in Mud System

Continuous monitoring of condition of mud in the well provides information useful for well control. The following instruments and equipments are used in the drilling mud system for this purpose:

A pit level indicator registering increase or decrease in drilling mud volume. It is connected with an audio-visual alarm near the drillers control panel.

A trip with float-marking device to accurately measure the volume of mud going in to the well. This is useful to keep the well fed with required quantity of mud at all times.

A gas detector or explosive meter installed at the primary shale shaker together with an audio-visual alarm at the drillers control panel to indicate the well presence of gas-cut mud in the well.

The kick in the well is prevented by keeping the hydrostatic head of the drilling fluid greater than the formation pressure. The primary control can be lost in the following situations:

While tripping, if the well is not kept full with the required volume of mud. If there is reduction in hydrostatic pressure in the well due to swabbing, which maybe

caused if the drilling string is pulled out too fast or by a balled-up or clogged bit, which is indicated by insufficient filling of mud.

If there is loss of circulation, which may be caused either due to running in too fast, thereby, causing the weak horizons of the well to break or while drilling through a formation with cracks or cavity.

BOP Stacks

In a well, after the surface casing blow-out prevention (BOP) equipment is installed and maintained before resuming drilling Annular preventer for closing the well regardless of size / shape of the drill string in the hole or no string in the hole.

The spool is double ram preventer, blind ram for closing against open hole as well as pipe ram for closing against

drill pipes. Drilling spool located below the double ram preventer provided with choke and kill

lines which are connected to the choke and kill manifold. A non-return valve is provided in the kill line.

Standard operating procedure for blow out is given Table 7-1




Table 7-1: Standard Operating Procedure for Blowout S. No Action Details of action

1 Declaration of well `Out of Control'

If the I/C of the operation of the Rig feels the well is out of control and could not be brought under control through normal procedure,

emergency should be declared.

2 Switch-off the Power Immediately after the Blowout is declared, switch off the Main power system, which can cause the ignition.

3 Ensure personal safety

Call all personnel from the Rig floor area. Ensure whether all the persons reported or not. If anybody is entrapped try to rescue.

4 First Aid If anybody is injured, carry out the first aid and send him to the nearest hospital.

5 Communication to control room.

Report the Emergency to Base control room.

6 Communication to senior officers

Base control room has to communicate the Emergency to all the key personnel.

7 Activation of SOP

Based on the information received and also after visiting the site, seeing the gravity of situation, SOP for dealing the emergency has

to be activated.

8 Make water supply arrangements.

Make arrangement to connect water line/ spray water on the Wellhead, if the well not on fire.

9 Relief Camps

People are to be evacuated from the premises of 1000 meters, relief camps are to be organised with all facility for the evacuated people

till the well is controlled. 10 Remove the Rig equipment

Remove all the rig unwanted equipment around the wellhead to protect them from the danger of fire and also to create access to

the wellhead. 11 Establish communication

centre at site In-built communication room has to be mobilized and made

operational.

12 Manning of communication centre

Personnel should be deployed on round the clock basis to the communication centre at the problem site.

13 Establish Base control room

Establish communication control room in the base with the all type of communication facilities. Control room should work on round the

clock basis. 14 Establish First

Aid Centre First aid centre & medical support has to be established.

15 Care of Casualties

Nearest hospital / Care Centre should be alerted for receiving the emergency cases.

16 Cordoning of area.

Boundary has to be fixed all around the problem area and has to be declared as restricted area.

17 Mobilise the Blowout Control equipment

.

Blow-out control equipment as directed by RCMT should be mobilised.

18 Logistic support

Transport equipment for the mobilization of personnel, equipment, removal of debris etc., are to be provided as desired by Head-RCMT

19 Accommodation/ Food/ Beverages

Accommodation for all CMT Experts at nearest possible location.

20 Action plan for controlling blowout

Based on the condition of the well on the surface and Sub-surface & the available data, workout step-by-step detailed

action plan with bar charts. 21 Insurance related matters

Reporting of incident to the underwriters, also supplementation of required data to them, communication of other decision / advice

etc., to Head CMT-Ops, claims, pursue of claims.




S. No Action Details of action 22 Construct levelled

Surface A levelled surface with required hardening has to be provided at a place required by Head RCMT to place the office/ rest/ store room

etc. 23 Pumping arrangements and fill

water. Dig pits as suggested by Head RCMT. Lay the pipeline, and arrange

pumps to pump the water from the main source to water pits. 24 Install Fire

Pumps Install fire pumps, Monitors at required places and test them on

load.

25 Pin point the equipment /expertise /special services which is not available with

RCMT

As per the action plan, identify the equipment, workout expertise and services required for each operation also

26 Snubbing services Find out if snubbing unit can carry out snubbing services required or not.

27 Safety during operations Safety of the personnel, equipment etc is to be taken care without compromise during control operations.

28 Monitoring of the plan

Action plan has to be monitored on day-to-day basis; constraints if any.

29 Press Briefing

Every day or once in three days press briefing are to be organized in consultation with Head CMT operations, Asset Manager.

30 VIP Visits

VIP Visits should be planned in such a way that control operation should not be hampered and also safety of the VIPs should be taken

seriously. 31 Review meeting

Review meeting with regard to progress, constraints if at all should

be organized every two days. All the responsible persons noted above should attend the meeting.

7.3.5 Fire

Fire is one of the major hazards, which can result from storage tanks. Fire prevention and code enforcement is one of the major areas of responsibility for the fire service. Hence the facility should be equipped with:

Water supply Fire hydrant and monitor nozzle installation Foam system Water fog and sprinkler system of Mobile Firefighting equipment or First aid appliances Proper dyke area should be provided for the storage of chemicals. In the event of a

fire, the fire in the dyke area should be addressed first so as to minimize the heat input to the tank

A wind direction pointer should also be installed at storage site, so that in an emergency the wind direction can be directly seen and downwind population cautioned.

Shut off and isolation valves should be easily approachable in emergencies Hydrocarbon detectors to be installed at strategic locations near the units and pipelines

handling hydrocarbons at higher temperatures and pressures to assess any leak Storage areas must be adequately separate from buildings process areas and other

dangerous substances These measures should be backed up by relief systems such that the combination of

vessel design, protection, quality control and relief eliminates the possibility of complete vessel failure

Action Plan for Fire Fighting

General




As soon as fire is noticed, shout “FIRE” “FIRE” “FIRE” or “AAG” “AAG” “AAG”. Try to eliminate the fire by using proper portable fire extinguishers.

Installation Manager

He should ensure regularly the working status of fire equipments / its maintenance through fire section and see that they are kept in their respective places as per the need. As soon as, the fire accident is reported, rush to site and take charge of the situation. Inform Mines Manger besides Area Manager as well Fire Manager.

Shift In-charge

If situation demands sound “Hooter”; call on the nearest Fire Services and Hospital attending doctor. Inform Installation Manager / Field Manager / Surface Area Manager. Give instructions to the assembled staff and get the best out of them.

Drilling Officials

Remove other inflammable materials to the safer distance. Remove important documents to a safer place. The first aid trained persons should be ready to give first aid to the injured persons and move them to the hospital if required. Get well acquainted with the location of the wells.

Electrical Officials

No naked flame should be allowed. Generator should be stopped. Electrical lines are required to be de-energized. See that uninterrupted supply of water from tube well to the fire services.

Mechanical Officials

Get the instruction from the Shift In-charge to act accordingly to stop the equipments and ready to carry out repair jobs if required like pump problems of fire services etc. Help production officials in removing inflammable materials.

Transport Officials

Get vehicles parked at a safer distance. See that approach road is clear for fire services vehicle to the approach the accident site.

Security at Gate

To prevent unauthorized entry of persons / vehicles inside the area of responsibility and also to ensure no abnormal activity by unauthorized persons is allowed.

Fire Officials

On arrival they fight fire with the assistance of site staff in extinguishing the fire. If the situation still proves to be beyond control, then the help from the nearest agencies could be taken.

Fire Control Room

A fire control room will be set up for smooth functioning of firefighting/ rescue operations at the site of incident. Manager (F.S)/ one fire officer or senior most person of fire section will be I/C of that control room. Meanwhile one Fire officer will take charge of Control Room of Central Fire Station to assist/ back support for required fire equipments / man power. In charge control room of Central fire Station will be responsible for arranging of man power and equipments if required at site.

Area Manager: (In Case of Major Fire)

Pre-identified source of additional water to be used for uninterrupted supply of water. If situation demands, pits be dug to store sufficient water, pipeline be laid to carry water from the

sources to water pits.




Maintenance party to remain to attend any problem. Besides special maintenance team be immediately sought from the workshop.

Arrangements to provide flameproof lights at a safer distance. Arrangements to provide mud and chemicals necessary to control situation. Arrangements for food, water, temporary rest rooms or tents for the officials on the round the

clock duty at site. To keep ready fleet of jeeps, tractors, crane to meet demand.

7.4 Social Impact Assessment. R&R Action Plans

Not Applicable


DRILLING OF ONE GEOTHERMAL PARAMETRIC WELL IN DHOLERA PROJECT BENEFITS


8 PROJECT BENEFITS

The project benefits are summarized as follows:

8.1 Importance to the Country / Region

India is anticipating a shortfall in energy supply because of an expected increase in demand for energy by about 40 -50 % in next 20 years as well as the phasing out of old utilities.

The natural resource which furnishes the major portion of world energy are hydrocarbons. The reliance on fossil fuels and the ongoing discourse on climate changes have resulted in a shift towards carbon-neutral energy alternatives.

The present energy policy goals of the province include achieving electricity self-sufficiency by 2025 through clean and renewable energy sources.

The province has an abundance of geothermal resources with wide ranging temperatures available for both power development and direct use.

The benefits and impacts of geothermal resource development as a complementary indigenous, alternative energy source for the province and as a potential resource to create sustainable economic development within rural and remote communities

8.2 Employment Opportunities

Direct

~30-40 persons will be deployed at the drilling rig for a short duration of about 40-60 days

Indirect

~10-15 persons would be engaged in providing support services to the drilling operation including warehouse support (managing the logistics of securing and supplying the required materials for the project).

.



ENVIRONMENTAL COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS


9 ENVIRONMENTAL COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS

Not recommended at the Scoping stage


DRILLING OF ONE GEOTHERMAL PARAMETRIC WELL IN DHOLERA ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN


10 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP)

10.1 Introduction

Chapter 4 has identified a number of impacts that are likely to arise due to project operations. The EIA has also examined biophysical and socio-economic effects of the proposed program.

Where adverse impacts have been identified, the EIA has examined the extent to which these impacts would be mitigated through the adoption of industry standard practice and guidelines and following legislative requirements of the MoEF&CC and Gujarat Pollution Control Board. The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) describes both generic good practice measures and site specific measures, the implementation of which is aimed at mitigating potential impacts associated with the proposed activities.

10.2 Purpose of the Environmental Management Plan

The EMP provides a delivery mechanism to address potential adverse impacts, to instruct contractors and to introduce standards of good practice to be adopted for all project works. For each stage of the programme, the EMP lists all the requirements to ensure effective mitigation of every potential biophysical and socio-economic impact identified in the EIA. For each activity or operation, which could otherwise give rise to impact, the following information is presented.

A comprehensive listing of the mitigation otherwise give rise to impact, the following information is presented: measures (actions) that PDPU shall implement;

The parameters that will be monitored to ensure effective implementation of the action; The timing for implementation of the action to ensure that the objectives of mitigation are

fully met. PDPU is committed to the adoption of these measures and will carry out ongoing

inspection to ensure their implementation and effectiveness by its contractors

10.3 Role of PDPU and its Contractor

10.3.1 Role of PDPU

As project proponents, PDPU will have ultimate responsibility for implementing the provisions of the EMP. This role will include the ongoing management of environmental impacts, monitoring of contractor performance as well as development of mechanisms for dealing with environmental problems.

PDPU will also ensure that the activities of its contractors are conducted in accordance with ‘good practice’ measures, implementation of which will be required through contractual documentation. In order to facilitate this, and to demonstrate commitment to the EMP, PDPU /Contractor management will conduct regular internal site inspections, the results of which will be documented..

10.3.2 Role of PDPU’s Contractor

PDPU’s management shall be responsible for performance of all its contractors and ensuring that all PDPU’s commitments in the EIA are translated into contractor’s requirements and that these requirements are implemented to the full intent and extent of PDPU’s original commitment.




PDPU’s contractors shall be responsible for implementation of, or adherence, to all the mitigation measures outlined in the EIA. All contractors shall be required to comply with the provisions of the EMP and with any environmental and other codes of conduct required by PDPU. PDPU shall require all contractors to introduce regular environmental inspection and reporting to enable PDPu to monitor their performance.

PDPu’s contractors and sub-contractors shall be required to adopt the provisions of the EMP as if it were their own

CENTRE FOR EXCELLENCE FOR GEOTHERMAL ENERGY – PDPU DRILLING OF ONE GEOTHERMAL PARAMETRIC WELL IN DHOLERA ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN


Table 10-1: Environment Management Plan for Land Environment

EMP

Objective To ensure that negative impacts on Land use and land cover are minimized during drilling and mitigation measures lead to

enhanced land cover quality

Concern Drilling of exploratory wells of will change the land use at site from agricultural use to industrial use

Benefit of EMP Impacts on land use and land cover due to project will be minimized

Impacting Activities

Mitigation Measures and Actions

Implementation and Management Remarks

Location Timing Responsibility Monitoring Records

1 Land lease or Purchase

Ensure that all necessary protocols are followed and

legal requirements implemented

Ensure that appropriate legal requirements have been met

with regard to land occupancy, land ownership, notice & compensation etc.

Establish and clearly document land usage

permission. Necessary efforts will be

made during selection of drill site to minimize disruption of current land use to the extent

possible

At site

Pre-deployment of topographic survey

team or site clearance crew.

.

Director - Land documents

Intensive and planned use of the site for Industrial use will lead to

optimized use of the land

Optimization of land requirement through proper

site lay out design

After selection of precise site location & orientation. Prior to

onset of site clearance



EMP









2

Preparation of Site-Clearance of

vegetation/crop and preparation of approach roads

Top soil will be stored separately and will be used for greenbelt within the site.

Temporary new approach roads can be constructed and

existing roads can be improved, if required, for smooth and hassle free

movement of personnel as well as materials and

machineries

At site During drilling site

preparation Site engineer

Random checks by Site

supervisor

Periodic records in form of

photographs

3 Construction activity-

Excavation and paving of site

Excavated earth will be used for backfilling

At site For the construction period

Site engineer Random

checks by Site supervisor

Periodic records in form of

photographs



EMP









4 Site Restoration

Proper restoration of site will be carried out as per PDPU’s site restpration policy to bring the physical terrain, soils and

vegetation, as closely possible, to their original

condition On completion of works (in

phases), all temporary structures, surplus materials

and wastes will be completely removed till 1m below the

surface

At site At time of

decommissioning of well site

Site engineer Every day during site restoration

Photographs Approvals from land owners of

suitable site restoration on return of land

A site restoration plan needs to be

formulated, known to all stakeholders

and strictly implemented



Table 10-2: Environment Management Plan for Air Environment

Objective

Drilling - To ensure that the air emission during site preparation, drilling operation, and decommissioning phase is properly managed and mitigated to minimize its effect

Concerned Activity

Drilling - Site preparation & Operation phase for drilling, Blow out during drilling, & Decommission phase during drilling operation can deteriorate air quality, Flaring operation, Running of DG set etc can deteriorate air quality

Benefits of EMP Reduce deterioration of air quality in and around the site, and in turn protecting health of workers and surrounding community


Mitigation measures and

Rationale

Implementation Monitoring and Management

Location Timing Responsibility Monitoring Records Remarks

Construction Phase -Drilling

Clearance of vegetation at site and preparation of approach roads at

drill site

Water spraying will be done on the access roads to

control re-entrained dust during dry

season

At drilling site

Once a day during day time at the

time of preparation of approach road

Contractor Random check by Logistic department

Water consumption Log sheets

Air Monitoring

Excavation and paving of drill site

Water spraying will be done At drilling site

Once a day during day time at the

time of excavation Contractor Random check by

Logistic department

Water consumption Log sheets

Air Monitoring -

Vehicle movement for transportation of rig, materials and equipment at drill

site

Pollution under control certificate,

covering the material

transported

At drilling site and warehouse of PDPU

Whole time during transportation Contractor / PDPU

Check by security guard at the entry

of drilling site

Vehicles not having valid certificate

Operation Phase - Drilling

Operation of DG Set at drill site

D.G set will be properly maintained At drill site During the

operation of rig Rig Contractor /

PDPU

DG set – Flue gas analysis and

Ambient Air quality monitoring by

authorized laboratory in and around the site

Air monitoring results

Blow out

Blow Out Preventer (BOP),

Monitoring of mud pressure,

At well head, near mud circulation

pump

During drilling operation

Rig Contractor / PDPU

Mud composition, Mud pressure

Log sheets Chemical

composition reports

Blow out is a very rare phenomenon,

but strict monitoring of mud



Objective

Drilling - To ensure that the air emission during site preparation, drilling operation, and decommissioning phase is properly managed and mitigated to minimize its effect

Concerned Activity

Drilling - Site preparation & Operation phase for drilling, Blow out during drilling, & Decommission phase during drilling operation can deteriorate air quality, Flaring operation, Running of DG set etc can deteriorate air quality

Benefits of EMP Reduce deterioration of air quality in and around the site, and in turn protecting health of workers and surrounding community



Rationale



monitoring chemical

composition of mud

pressure and composition of mud should be done to detect kicks and take appropriate

action. Decommissioning Phase - Drilling

Dismantling of rig & associated

machineries

Dust suppression using water At drill site During dismantling

operations PDPU / Rig Contractor

Random check by Rig in charge

Log sheet Water consumption



Table 10-3: Environment Management Plan for Noise Environment Objective To reduce noise level due to the proposed project

Benefit of EMP Noise environment of the area will not be impacted by the proposed activity

Impacting Activity

Mitigation Measures

Implementation and Management

Remark Data Analysis

Measurement Methodology

Frequency Location Reporting

Schedule/Responsibility Emergency Procedure

Procurement Schedule

C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C11 C12

Vehicular movement for

transportation of materials and

equipment

Vehicles trips during

daytime only fixing route by avoiding

populated area

Vehicle movement

records Manual Daily

At Drilling

Site Security officer

Route for safe exit will be in

place.

During site preparation,

Drilling activity

Ear plugs/Ear muffs to be

worn by workers at all

times.

Setting up the rig floor and

derrick, handrails,

guardrails, stairs, walkways,

ladders, flare stack, drilling

fluid circulating system & other equipment and

machinery

SOP’s will be followed.

Acoustic enclosures

will be provided. Ear plugs and Ear

muffs will be provided to workers

Noise Levels SLM

Once during week

(Hourly reading for 24 hours at

each location)

At Drilling

Site

Plant in charge & Third Party/Contractor

Regular Maintenance of equipment to be done.

During Drilling activity

Ear plugs/Ear muffs to be

worn by workers at all

times.



Objective To reduce noise level due to the proposed project

Benefit of EMP Noise environment of the area will not be impacted by the proposed activity

Impacting Activity

Mitigation Measures

Implementation and Management

Remark Data Analysis

Measurement Methodology

Frequency Location Reporting Schedule/Responsibility

Emergency Procedure

Procurement Schedule

C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C11 C12

Operation of rig machinery,

pumps and DG sets

Proper acoustic

enclosures will be

provided

Noise Levels SLM

Twice during drilling (Hourly

reading for 24 hours at

each location)

At Drilling

Site

Plant in charge & Third Party/Contractor

Periodic Maintenance of and DG set

will be scheduled

During Drilling activity

Proper personal

protective equipment to be worn by

workers at all times.



Table 10-4: Environment Management Plan for Water Environment

Objective Drilling - To ensure that the water environment during site preparation, drilling operation and decommissioning phase is properly managed

and mitigated to minimize its effect

Concerned Activity

Drilling - Work force accommodation and sanitation, chemical and fuel storage, use of raw water for drilling, drilling process, installation of casing, circulating and cementing, storage, handling and disposal of solid/hazardous waste and waste water can deteriorate water quality

Benefits of EMP Reduce deterioration of water quality in and around the site, and in turn protecting health of workers and surrounding community



Rationale




Work force accommodation,

water consumption and sanitation

Proper septic tank and soak pit system

will be provided At drill site During the drilling

operation at rig PDPU -

Daily Water consumption

records will be maintained at drill

site

Chemical, Fuel & Crude Storage

Fuel will be stored in tanks which has provision of bund, Chemical will be stored in proper

packing under shed Spill control mechanism

At Drill site During drilling operation PDPU Monitoring of

leakage if any

Daily register logbook for

maintaining any leakage

Daily register of stock

Installation of Casing, circulating

and cementing

Follow standard method of casing,

cementing At Drill site Continuously during

drilling PDPU Monitoring of

pressure and mud quality during the drilling operation

Record of mud quality and pressure

profile

Storage, Handling and disposal of solid/Hazardous

waste

Proper provision of storage area and

disposal method for solid and hazardous

waste

At Drill site During drilling operation PDPU

Visual observation of Storage area

Measurement of soil quality near drill

site as specified by regulator

Record of Solid and Hazardous waste

stored, transported and disposed Record of soil analysis data

Record of visual observation and action taken for

storage area



Objective Drilling - To ensure that the water environment during site preparation, drilling operation and decommissioning phase is properly managed and mitigated to minimize its effect

Concerned Activity

Drilling - Work force accommodation and sanitation, chemical and fuel storage, use of raw water for drilling, drilling process, installation of casing, circulating and cementing, storage, handling and disposal of solid/hazardous waste and waste water can deteriorate water quality

Benefits of EMP Reduce deterioration of water quality in and around the site, and in turn protecting health of workers and surrounding community



Rationale



Storage, Handling and disposal of

waste water

Provision of HDPE lined pit for storage

of waste water At Drill site During drilling

operation PDPU

Monitoring of quality of HDPE lining pit during entire drilling

operation Measurement of

waste water quality at drill site during

drilling operation as specified by regulator

Record of waste analysis data



Table 10-5: Environment Management Plan for Soil Environment

Objective Drilling - To ensure that the soil environment during site preparation, drilling operation and decommissioning phase is properly

managed and mitigated to minimize its effect

Concerned Activity

Drilling- Clearance of vegetation, excavation and paving, rigging up and drilling, work force accommodation and sanitation,

chemical, crude and fuel storage, drilling process, installation of casing, circulating and cementing, storage, handling and disposal of solid and hazardous waste and waste water can deteriorate soil quality

Benefits of EMP Reduce deterioration of Soil quality in and around the site, and in turn protecting health of workers and surrounding community



Rationale



Construction Phase - Drilling

Clearance of vegetation at site and preparation of approach roads at

drill site

Drill sites selection and

location will be such that minimal

clearance is required to avoid topsoil erosion

At Drill site During Planning Phase PDPU

No of drill sites selected keeping in

view of the mitigation measure

suggested

Record of such sites

Excavation and paving of site

Top soil will be separated and stored properly

for re use

At Drill site During

construction phase

PDPU Quantity of soil

excavated and re used, storage area

of soil

Log sheet of soil excavated and

reused


Rigging up and Drilling

Selection of site in such a way that natural drainage do not disturb

due to compaction of soil

At Drill site During planning phase PDPU

No of drill sites selected keeping in

view of the mitigation measure

suggested


Work force accommodation,

water consumption and sanitation

Proper septic tank and soak pit

system will be provided

At drill site During the drilling operation at rig PDPU

No of site with improper septic

tank and soak pit system




Objective Drilling - To ensure that the soil environment during site preparation, drilling operation and decommissioning phase is properly managed and mitigated to minimize its effect

Concerned Activity






Rationale



Chemical, Fuel & Crude Storage

Fuel and Crude oil will be stored in tanks which has

provision of bund, Chemical will be stored in proper packing under

shed Spill control mechanism

at Drill site During drilling operation PDPU Monitoring of

leakage if any

Daily register logbook for

maintaining any leakage

Daily register of stock

Installation of Casing, circulating

and cementing

Follow standard method of casing,

cementing At Drill site Continuously

during drilling PDPU Monitoring of

pressure and mud quality during the drilling operation

Record of mud quality and

pressure profile

Storage, Handling and disposal of solid/Hazardous

waste

Proper provision of storage area

and disposal method for solid and hazardous

waste

at Drill site During drilling operation PDPU

Visual observation of Storage area Measurement of soil quality near

drill site as specified by regulator

Record of Solid and Hazardous waste stored,

transported and disposed

Record of soil analysis data

Record of visual observation and action taken for

storage area

Storage, Handling and disposal of

waste water

Provision of HDEP lined pit for At Drill site During drilling

operation PDPU Monitoring of

quality of HDPE lining pit during

Record of waste analysis and soil

analysis data



Objective Drilling - To ensure that the soil environment during site preparation, drilling operation and decommissioning phase is properly managed and mitigated to minimize its effect

Concerned Activity






Rationale



storage of waste water

entire drilling operation

Measurement of waste water quality and soil at drill site

during drilling operation as specified by regulator




10.4 Identification and Compliance with Legislative Requirements

The principal Environmental Regulatory Agency in India is the Ministry of Environment Forests & Climate change (MoEF&CC), New Delhi. MoEF&CC formulates environmental policies and accords environmental clearances for different projects. The important environmental legislation in India is given in Table 10-6

Table 10-6: Key Environmental Legislation

Name Scope and Objective

Key Areas Operational Agencies/Key Players

Water (Prevention and Control of

Pollution Act,1974)

For prevention and control of water

pollution and enhancing the quality

of water

Controls sewage and industrial effluent discharges

Central and State Pollution Control Boards

Water (Prevention and Control of

Pollution) Cess Act, 1977

For the levy and collection of a cess on water consumed by persons carrying on

certain industries and by local authorities

Optimizes usage of water State Pollution Control Board

Air (Prevention and Control of

Pollution Act (1974)

For prevention and control of air pollution.

Controls emissions of air pollutants.

Central and State Pollution Control Boards.

Forest Act, 1927

To consolidate acquisition of common

property such as forests.

Regulates access to natural resources, state has a

monopoly right over land; categories forests.

State government, forest settlement officers.

Forest Conservation Act,

1980

To halt India’s rapid deforestation and

resulting Environmental degradation.

Restriction on dereservation and using forest for non-

forest purpose. Central government.

Wildlife Protection Act, 1980 To protect wildlife.

Creates protected areas (national parks/sanctuaries) categories of wildlife which

are protected.

Wildlife advisory boards; central zoo authorities.

Environment Protection Act,

1986

To provide for the protection and improvement of Environment.

An umbrella act for protection of environment

and related matters.

Central government nodal agency MoEF&CC; can

delegate powers to state Department of Environment.

Hazardous waste (Management, Handling and

Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016, amended till

date

To manage hazardous waste arising out of

operation

Identification, Labeling, Handling, Treatment and

Disposal of Hazardous waste

Authorization from State Pollution Control Board

Bio-Medical Waste (Management and Handling) Rules,

1998, Amended till dated

To Manage Bio medical waste arising

out of operation

Identification, Labeling of Bio Medical Waste

State Pollution Control Board

Battery (Management and Handling) Rules,

2000

To Manage Waste arising from Batteries

Identification, Labeling, Handling, and Disposal of

Batteries waste

State Pollution Control Board

(Source: Government of India Publications)




The following EHS regulatory requirements applicable to the activities being planned are given in Table 10-7 which may be taken into consideration prior to actual commencement of operations. Action required is to be reviewed quarterly.

Table 10-7: Applicable EHS Regulatory Requirements

S. No. Applicable Legislation / Rule / Permit Requirement Action Required /

Timing of Action

1 NOC/CCA from the GPCB A general permit to establish and operate the facilities

NOC to be applied after obtaining EC and CCA to be applied after obtaining

NOC

2

The Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals

Rules, 1989 (as amended till date)

Listing of hazardous materials; thresholds against which Safety Audit and Safety Report has to be maintained; Requirements of

disclosure of information; Availability of MSDS’;

If required, safety audit and safety report to be

prepared.

3 The Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991 (PLI) Insurance to be taken out.

Check whether PDPU’s insurance under PLI

covers the project under consideration.

4 Chemical Accidents (Emergency

Planning, Preparedness and Response) Rules, 1996

Preparation of Local & District Level Crisis Groups, for management of offsite

emergencies.

Identify whether Local or District Level Crisis

Groups exist at site and take proactive part in

preparing Offsite ERP. ( The ERP will be

developed and copy of the same will be

submitted to District Authority for information and inclusion of the same

in DMP,)

Table 10-8: Expenditure on Environmental Matters S

No. Description

Amount (in INR.)

Remarks

Cost– Drilling

1 Waste pit at site 2,10,000 Approximate size of pit

capacity 3000 m3 @ Rs 70 per m3

2 Cost of HDPE liner (500 micron) to avoid ground water contamination 3,00,000

3 Monitoring of AAQ, stack, noise, waste water and drill cuttings 19,000

4 Total 5,29,000


DRILLING OF ONE GEOTHERMAL PARAMETRIC WELL IN DHOLERA SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS


11 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

11.1 About PDPU

In order to put Gujarat on unconventional energy basket in India, GoG took an initiative of establishing a Centre dedicated to research & development activities in the area of exploration and exploitation of geothermal energy. In this light, with the support of GoG, PDPU established Centre of Excellence for Geothermal Energy (CEGE) on 10th of October, 2013. For smooth functioning of the centre, PDPU faculties took a lead and started developmental activities for the centre.

11.2 About Proposed Project

The proposed project is drilling of one parametric geothermal well at Dholera, Ahmedabad. The depth of a well would be 1500 m.

11.3 Proposed Project

11.3.1 Location of Proposed Project

The one parametric geothermal well is located in Dholera in Ahmedabad district of Gujarat State.

11.3.2 Drilling of wells

Drilling operations shall be conducted round-the-clock for 24 hrs. The time taken to drill a borehole depends on the depth of the geothermal reservoir and the geological conditions. CEGE intends to drill wells to a depth of 1500 m. This would take around 40-60 day time for one well.

The well will be completed with a well head in place at surface but all the other equipment and materials will be removed from the site.

11.3.3 Manpower Requirement

Direct

~30-40 persons will be deployed at the drilling rig for a short duration of about 40-60 days

Indirect

~10-15 persons would be engaged in providing support services to the drilling operation including warehouse support (managing the logistics of securing and supplying the required materials for the project).

11.3.4 Fuel

The drilling process requires movement of drill bit and string through the draw works which require power. The power requirement of the drilling rig is generally met by using the Diesel Generator sets onboard. HSD will be used to run drilling rig and DG sets during operation. Two DG sets of 1000 HP which will consume 2.5 to 3 KL/Day of HSD.




11.3.5 Water Requirement

The water requirement in a drilling rig is mainly meant for preparation of drilling mud apart from washings and domestic use. While the former consumes the majority of water requirement, the water requirement for domestic and wash use is very less. The daily water consumption will be 19.15 KLD.

11.3.6 Waste Management

The drilling rig system to be employed for drilling will be equipped for the separation of drill cuttings and solids materials from the drilling fluid. The drill cuttings cut by the drill bit, will be removed from the fluid by the shale shakers (vibrating screens) and centrifuges and transferred to the cuttings containment area. Once the drilling fluid / mud have been cleaned, it will be returned to the fluid tank and pumped down the drill string again

11.3.7 Air Emissions

The emissions to the atmosphere from the drilling operations shall be from the diesel engines, and power generator and temporary from flaring activity (during testing).

11.3.8 Noise Generation

The source of noise generation during this phase of operations would be the operation of rig and diesel-generator sets. The expected noise generation at source, due to operation of rig is 101 dBA (Source: "Control of Noise Pollution from Diesel Generator sets", Programme Objective Series; PROBES/71/1998-99, Central Pollution Control Board). Besides, certain pumps are expected to be in operation during this phase, for mud circulation. The noise generation work however is transient and limited to the drilling period only.

11.3.9 Site Restoration

After completion of drilling and dismantling of the rig all the equipment and waste materials from the site are removed and transported. The waste residual mud and drill cuttings collected in the HDPE lined waste pit are allowed to dry and covered with native top soil. The site is restored as near as possible to the original state as per the approved restoration procedure of PDPU.

11.4 Description of the Environment

Baseline environmental studies were carried out during post monsoon season 2016.

11.4.1 Study Area

The study area is defined as area within a radius of 10 km covering blocks.

11.4.2 Landuse of the Study Area

A recent satellite image for the study area was collected using Google Earth Pro-version 7.1.5.1557. The image was interpreted through manual supervised classification based on National Remote Sensing Agency (NRSA) classifications. Ground truthing was done to confirm and edit the interpreted landuse / land cover classes.

For Study Area the main landuse / landcover class in the area is Agricultural Land, with a ~49.67% component of the total landuse. Vegetation Cover comes next with ~31.13% followed by Built up land / habitation, Waste Land, Water bodies.




11.4.3 Climatology

The climate of this region is characterized by a hot summer and general dryness except in the southwest monsoon season. The year may be divided into four seasons. The cold season from December to February is followed by the hot season from March to middle of June. The period from middle of June to September is the southwest monsoon season. October and November constitute the post-monsoon or retreating monsoon season.

Meteorological data shows that mean average wind speed during study period are 1.5 m/s. It can be observed that during study period wind blows mostly from NE direction. Mean average temperature recorded during study period was 24.7°C with mean maximum

temperature of 32.0°C and mean minimum of18.8 °C. The mean average relative humidity recorded was 56.8% with mean maximum humidity of

75.0% and mean minimum of 32.7%.

11.4.4 Ambient Air

Ambient air quality monitoring was carried out during Post monsson season 2016. The ambient air quality monitoring stations were set up at 8 different locations.

The average concentration of PM10 recorded at 8 locations ranged from 40 µg/m3 to 88 µg/m3. All these values are exceeds the specified limit of PM10 given by CPCB (100 µg/m3).

The average concentration of PM2.5 recorded at 8 locations ranged from 10 µg/m3 to 29 µg/m3. All these values are within the specified limit of PM2.5 given by CPCB (60 µg/m3).

The average concentration of SO2 recorded at 8 locations ranged from <8.0 to 16.0 µg/m3. All these values are within the specified limit of CPCB (80 µg/m3).

The average concentration of NOX recorded at 8 locations ranged from <10.0 µg/m3 to 23.0 µg/m3. All these values are within the specified limit of CPCB (80 µg/m3).

The average concentration of THC recorded at 8 locations ranged from 980 µg/m3 to 1140 µg/m3

The average concentration of VOC recorded at 8 locations is all below 1 ppm.

11.4.5 Noise

Noise levels were recorded at 5 different locations within the study area.

Noise level during daytime, in Residential area was observed in the range of 53.9 dBA to 55.4 dBA during daytime which is slightly higher than CPCB standards residential area (55 dBA (d)) at some locations and higher noise levels at some of the monitoring locations is attributed to vehicular movements.

Noise level during Night time, in Residential area was observed in the range of 44.7 dBA to 45.8 dBA, which is slightly higher than the CPCB standards i.e. residential area 45 dBA (n)) at some locations

11.4.6 Soil

The analysis of physicochemical properties of soil samples collected from site as well as surrounding area indicated that porosity ranged from 55-59 % and WHC varied from 40–55 %, while permeability ranged from 7.79 – 13.7 mm/hr. Moderate WHC and porosity are on account of loam to silt loam texture of soil. The CEC ranged from 23.0-32.00 meq/100 g soil, which is moderate looking to the texture of soils. The EC (0.220 – 6.00 dS/m) and ESP (1.84 – 52.59) values indicate that soils are non-saline (0.8 dS/m) to highly saline (>4 dS/m EC), non-sodic (<5.0 ESP) to highly sodic (> 15 ESP). The pH ranged from 7.36 – 8.85, indicating that soils are normal (6.5 – 8.2 pH) to alkaline (>8.2 pH), probably this could be due to ingress of sea water and closeness of Bay of Cambay.




Among water soluble cations predominance of Na (1.24-52.68 g/kg) was seen followed by Ca (0.13-4.84 g/kg), Mg (0.51-2.41 g/kg) and K (0.25 -1.85 g/kg).

11.4.7 Ground Water Quality

Ground water samples were collected from 5 different locations within the study area and analysed for parameters mentioned in the Indian Standard IS 10500:2012.

The range of presence of TDS content in deep aquifer is ranging from 4804 to 5676 mg/l. The water quality of well in close proximity from site is acidic in nature (Ph-6.61) situated in Swaminarayan temple, Dholera. In all the water samples the presence of fluoride is in varying proportion and within permissible limit. The presence of nitrate in deep aquifer may be indicative of some leakage from upper aquifer into lower aquifer.

11.4.8 Biological Environment

Biodiversity survey of the project site (core zone) and 1 km surroundings and surrounding environ of up to 10 km (buffer zone) was carried out to understand floral and faunal status of the study area.

26 species of trees belong to 16 families are enumerated from the study area. 13 shrub species belong to 11 families are enumerated from the study area. 14 herb species belong to 7 families are enumerated from the study area. There are no rare endangered or endemic flora observed in the study area

Some of the sighted fauna were given protection by the Indian Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972 by including them in different schedules. Among the birds in the study area, Pea fowl (Pavo cristatus), is included in schedule I .of Wild life protection Act (1972), while many other birds are included in schedule IV.

Among the reptiles, Indian Cobra (Naja naja), Checkered Keelback Water Snake (Xenochrophis piscator) and Common rat snake (Ptyas mucosus) were provided protection as per Schedule-II of Wild life protection act, (1972)

Among mammals; Langur, (Semnopithecus entellus) is Schedule II animal, Nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus) and Wild Boars (Sus scrofa) are a schedule –III animals of Wild Life Protection act 1972.

None of the sighted animal species can be assigned endemic species category of the study area.

11.4.9 Socio Economic Profile

The wells falls in Ahmedabad Districts, the study area consists of 17 villages. According to the Census of India 2011, the total study area depicted 3850 households and total population of 19,750.

Average Literacy rate in the study are for male is about 61.53% and for female 38.47%. Sex ratio in the study area is 758 per 1000 male as per 2011 census. As per Census 2011 average SC & ST population of study area is 6.02% and 0.11%

respectively.

11.5 Anticipated Environmental Impact Identification, Prediction and Mitigation

11.5.1 Ambient Air

A number of sources are there to cause potential impacts on air quality, which are as follows:

Emissions from DG sets used as part of the drilling rig;




Fugitive emissions during site preparation and closure phases; Emissions from vehicular movement;

Impacts of emissions from DG sets on the GLC at various distances were predicted using the dispersion modelling guidelines given by the Central Pollution Control Board, New Delhi and the AERMOD of the United States Environment Protection Agency (USEPA) based on type of fuel (HSD), Fuel consumption rate and operating conditions.

Maximum 24 hourly average GLC’s are observed to be 0.2 µg/m3 , 3.0 µg/m3 and 0.2 µg/m3 for SO2, NOx and Particulate matter respectively at distance of 100 m from the source in South west Direction

The predicted impact level due to the operation of DG set is within the limit prescribed in National Ambient Air Quality Standards.

The mitigation measures for air quality impacts are:

Water spraying will be done on the access roads to control re-entrained dust during dry season (if required);

The engines and exhaust systems of all vehicles and equipment used will be maintained as such, that exhaust emissions are low and do not breach statutory limits set for the concerned vehicle/equipment type;

D.G set & fire engine shall be properly maintained; Ensuring the availability of valid Pollution Under Control Certificates (PUCC) for all vehicles used

on site.

11.5.2 Noise Environment

The proposed drilling operations and related activities will lead to emission of noise that may have significant impact on the surrounding communities in terms of increase in noise levels and associated disturbances, but it shall be transient in nature.

Following activities would result in increase in noise level

Noise from rig and associated machinery Noise from vehicular movement Noise from DG sets

Mitigation measures for noise will include the following:

Sufficient engineering control during installation of equipments and machineries (like mufflers in DG sets) is to be ensured to reduce noise levels at source;

Proper and timely maintenance of machineries and preventive maintenance of vehicles is to be adopted to reduce noise levels;

Personnel Protective Equipments (PPE) like ear plugs/muffs is to be given to all the workers working in the vicinity of the equipment/machinery with SPL higher than 85 dB at site

11.5.3 Ground water

Quantity

It is expected that wastewater in the form of Drill cutting washing, cooling, general derrick floor washing, de-sander and desilter shall be generated at an average rate of around 9 m3/day during the drilling operations from a single well out of which 5 m3/day will be recycled and net waste water quantity will be 4 m3/day, during drilling operation 1 m3/day domestic waste water will be generated which will be disposed through soak pit.

PDPU has planned to meet the requirement of water by tanker.




Quality

Wastewater discharged from the drilling operations shall be collected in HDPE lined pit for evaporation. Domestic waste water will be disposed off in soak pit.

11.5.4 Land

Impact on land environment, due to site preparation shall be loss of vegetation or change in land use from agriculture land use/other land use to industrial land use for a parcel of land of 110 m X 110 m.

Mitigation measures

Necessary efforts will be made to minimize disruption of current land use to the extent possible; Necessary restoration efforts will be made during decommissioning and site closure to restore the

site back to its original condition to the extent possible;

11.5.5 Soil

During site preparation the topsoil will be removed from the drilling site and the approach road, which contains most of the nutrients and organisms that give soil productivity. This will in turn result in minor changes of topsoil structure.

Soil quality may be affected by setting up of rig and associated machinery and will continue till the site is restored to its original condition.

Contamination of soil can result from the project activities if certain operations like storage of chemicals and fuels, cement and mud preparation, spent oil and lubricants are not managed efficiently.

Improper storage of drilling waste and return/unused drilling mud at the on-site waste disposal facility can also result in contamination of the soil.

Mitigation measures

During excavation there may increase in soil erosion, level the soil by cutting & filling Spillage of construction materials/mud fluid may be taken care of to avoid soil contamination and

deterioration on soil quality as cement is highly alkaline Spillage of paints, oil, diesel etc. take care to avoid soil contamination If soil becomes saline/alkaline due to fall of construction materials; use gypsum, organic manures

and provide drainage for removal.

11.5.6 Socio Economic

The proposed drilling project will have positive impact on socio economic status of the area due to

Generation of indirect employment in the region due to the requirement of workers in trail making, supply of raw material, auxiliary and ancillary works, which would marginally improve the economic status of the people.

11.5.7 Flora and Fauna

Possible Biological Impacts of proposed Project

Impact on terrestrial fauna due to noise Project infrastructure and well development will disturb agriculture land of site Drilling fluids, spillage, leakage and well treatment may produce chemical spillage which will

disrupt agriculture of nearby farm




Drilling related activity may increase deposition of dust and dust settling on the vegetation may alter or limit plants' abilities to photosynthesize and/or reproduce

Loss/ damage of floral diversity and disturbance to faunal diversity Contamination of habitat

Mitigation Measures

Acoustic enclosure shall be provided to D.G. set to reduce the noise intensity during the drilling operation

Since, the activity is temporary wastewater discharged from the drilling operations shall be collected in HDPE lined collection pit and would be disposed of as per the prescribed norms

Use existing facilities (e.g. Access Roads) to the extent possible to minimize the amount of new disturbance

Avoid use of unnecessary lighting at night to avoid attracting avifauna Reclamation of project site and surrounding area

11.5.8 Occupational Health and risk to surrounding community

Site preparation, drilling and post drilling activities, etc may involve many occupational health hazards to the workers at site.

Noise generated during drilling operation may affect the workers and staff members

Handling of chemicals, fuel, may cause health hazard if not handled properly

Uncontrolled flow of hydrocarbon or other fluids during blow out may cause serious health injuries including fatality of workers as well as surrounding communities

11.6 Additional Studies

Hazard Identification and Consequence Assessment

Hazards are identified for release of HSD from storage tank at drill site. Consequence analysis of all possible containment scenarios was carried out using DNV Technica Software (PHAST 7.1)

Result of Consequence Assessment

Heat radiation of 4 kw/m2 crosses the boundary premises in both the scenario i.e. 25 mm eq diameter leak and catastrophic rupture of HSD storage tank at drill site, which may cause pain if duration is longer than 20 sec.

Heat radiation of 12.5 kw/m2 is within the boundary premises all the catastrophic rupture scenario HSD storage tank at drill site, which may cause 1% lethality in one minute or First degree burns in 10 sec.

PDPU shall take utmost safety precautions to prevent any such kind of incidents.

11.6.1 Disaster Management Plan

The DMP describes the role and responsibilities of various authorities under the emergency organization. First objective of a DMP is to save human life and then comes minimizing damage to property. Specifically, the DMP contains the following:

Major emergencies likely to happen Prevention plan of an impending emergency by control of incidents;




It is recommended that the DMP be integrated into the actual operations prior to commencement of project work. Mock drills should be conducted at periodic intervals to check the efficacy of the DMP. PDPU shall develop Organizational DMP/ERP and integrate it with district and national level Disaster Management Plans.

11.7 Project Benefits

The project benefits are summarized as follows:

New source of energy find in the country will lead to more research in the filed of geothermal energy development and thereby redue dependence on fossil fule there by reducing emission of green house gases.

Development of ancillary activities resulting into indirect jobs of local manpower.

11.8 Environmental Management Plan (EMP)

The EMP provides a delivery mechanism to address potential adverse impacts, to instruct contractors and to introduce standards of good practice to be adopted for all project works. For each stage of the programme, the EMP lists all the requirements to ensure effective mitigation of significant biophysical and socio-economic impacts identified in the EIA. The EMP covers the following:

Role of PDPU and its contractors;

A comprehensive listing of the mitigation measures (actions) will be prepared and implemented The parameters that will be monitored to ensure effective implementation of the action; The timing for implementation of the action to ensure that the objectives of mitigation are fully

met.

11.8.1 Environmental Monitoring

The following will be monitored on a regular basis during drilling operation to ensure a high level of environmental performance and also to comply with statutory / legal conditions:

Environment Monitoring during drilling. Post project monitoring. The general effectiveness of pollution control measures shall also be monitored.


DRILLING OF ONE GEOTHERMAL PARAMETRIC WELL IN DHOLERA DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS


12 DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS

12.1 Brief Resume and Nature of Service provided by Kadam

Kadam Environmental Consultants (KEC) was established in 1981 and has more than 35 years of varied experience in the field of environment. The mission of company is providing sustainable solutions on “Environment for Development”.

The company has a dedicated and experienced team of more than 200 technical staff. The team comprises of environmental planners and engineers, chemical and civil engineers, geologists, socio-economic experts, microbiologists, zoologists, botanists and industrial/analytical chemists. The Company’s strength lies in project management, performing risk assessment, formulating environmental disaster plans, use of satellite Imagery in impact assessment, use of mathematical models for air, water and soil assessment and expertise in public consultation.

The company has three sister concerns namely : Kadam Pollution Control Pvt. Ltd dealing in operation and maintenance contracts of sewage, effluent and water treatment plants , Kadam Projects dealing in supply of Effluent and Sewage treatment plants on turnkey basis and

Customer services are mainly categorized into:

Consultancy Services ( since more than 20 years) in the field of Environmental Impact Assessment , Environmental Site Assessment and Due Diligence, Enviro Legal Services, Statutory Environmental Audits/Statements, Risk Assessments and HAZOP, Energy Audit, Environmental , Health and Safety Management Systems and Waste Management Systems.

Engineering Services ( Since almost 30 years) for collection and conveyance of liquid and solid wastes, designing and executing effluent and sewage treatment plants, municipal solid waste studies and solid waste management systems, bio gas plants , rain water harvesting systems and deep sea marine disposal systems.

Laboratory services (since more than 25 years) in chemical and waste testing, microbiology, soil testing and Field sampling (we have amongst the highest number of environmental field sampling equipments amongst environmental companies in the country. . The company has a well equipped laboratory with modern instruments and experienced staff catering to the need of statutory and advisory environmental testing for air, water and wastewater and hazardous solid waste.

The group has a varied industrial clientele encompassing Indian and Multinational Companies covering the industrial and services spectrum viz. Bulk Drugs and Pharmaceuticals, Paints, Chemicals, Oil & Gas, Real Estate, Hospitality and Infrastructure sectors. Whilst the heart of our clientele encompasses the top 50/Blue Chip Indian companies ( Reliance Industries, PDPU, Infosys, ITC, ICICI, Indian Oil, GAIL, PDPU/GSPL, Sun Pharma, NTPC, Reliance Energy/Reliance Power, Welspun and many others) who have placed implicit trust in us over the decades. We are increasingly working with several multinationals (such as : ABB, Alstom, Areva, GM, Hindustan Lever, Honeywell, Kohler, Sabic and Tyco amongst others) who value our deep rooted general domain and India centric functional knowledge, reasonable costs and comparable services as those offered by our multi national competitors. Their continued patronage is our biggest testimonial.

The Group has branch offices at Delhi and other places in Gujarat.

KEC has received ISO 9001:2008 certification for its Quality management System from BSI.

The company is an accredited EIA Consultant Organization by NABET, Quality Council of India under EIA accreditation scheme as per mandatory requirement of the MOEF&CC, Govt. of India for carrying


DRILLING OF ONE GEOTHERMAL PARAMETRIC WELL IN DHOLERA DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS


out Environmental Impact Assessment studies. It has approved EIA coordinators and functional Area Experts for undertaking Environmental and related studies in 22 approved sectors.

12.2 EIA Team Members

Work presented in this report was carried out by KEC with active co-operation from PDPU. KEC team consisted of the EIA Coordinator and various Functional Area Experts, names of whom are mentioned in the Quality Control section in the beginning of the report. Name of the other team members (along with their role in the project) are given below:

Table 12-1 : EIA team members Name & Designation Area Task

Ms Rimzim Sing Ground water and Geology Site visit and assistance to FAE in report Mr. Anup Oza and Ms

Prachi Shah Noise Assistance in FAE report

Ms Aarti Sharma Socio Economy Site visit and assistance to FAE in report Mr. Mahendra Jadav Lab - Chemist Report of Field monitoring data. Mr. Krunal Kharva Drafts man Drawing Land use & Land cover diagrams Mr. Satish Joshi Quality Checking Report review for quality checking


DRILLING OF ONE GEOTHERMAL PARAMETRIC WELL IN DHOLERA ANNEXURE


ANNEXURES




Annexure 1: ToR Letter




Annexure 2: Classification of Landuse

Built up Land or Habitation

It is defined as an area of human habitation developed due to non-agricultural use and that which has a cover of buildings, transport, communication utilities in association with water vegetation and vacant lands.

Kadam has chosen to further define this primary landuse category into additional categories, namely residential and industrial.

Residential / Commercial

Structures used by humans for living and working, but not including structures used exclusively for manufacturing.

Industrial

Structures used for manufacturing products.

Agricultural Land

It is defined as the land primarily used for farming and for production of food, fiber, and other commercial and horticultural crops. It includes land under crops (irrigated and un-irrigated), fallow land and plantations. These are further defined.

Crop Land

It includes those lands with standing crop (per se) as on the date of the satellite imagery. The crops may be of either Kharif (June-September) or Rabi (October – March) or Kharif Rabi seasons.

Fallow Land

It is described as agricultural land which is taken up for cultivation but is temporarily allowed to rest un-cropped for one or more seasons, but not less than one year. These lands are particularly those which are seen devoid of crops at the time when the imagery is taken during Rabi and Kharif.

Plantations

Plantations are described as an area under agricultural tree crops (for e.g. mango plantations) planted adopting certain agricultural management techniques. It includes tea, coffee, rubber, coconut, arecanut, citrus, orchards and other horticultural nurseries.

Forests

It is an area (within the notified forest boundary) bearing an association predominantly of trees and other vegetation types capable of producing timber and other forest produce. Forests can be further divided into sub-categories mentioned as follows.

Evergreen / Semi-Evergreen Forests

These are forests which comprise thick and dense canopy of tall trees, which predominantly remain green throughout the year. Such forests include both coniferous and tropical broad-leaved




evergreen trees. Semi-evergreen forests are often a mixture of both deciduous and evergreen trees but the latter predominate.

Deciduous Forests

These are described as forests which predominantly comprise of deciduous species and where the trees shed their leaves once in a year.

Degraded Forest or Scrub

It is described as a forest where the vegetative (crown) density is less than 20% of the canopy cover. It is the result of both biotic and abiotic influences. Scrub is a stunted tree or bush/shrub.

Forest Blank

A forest blank is an opening amidst forests without any tree cover. It includes openings of assorted size and shapes as seen on the imagery.

Forest Plantations

It is described as an area of trees of species of forestry importance and raised on notified forest lands. It includes eucalyptus, casuarinas, bamboo, etc.

Mangroves

Mangroves are described as a dense, thicker or woody, aquatic vegetation or forest cover occurring in tidal waters near estuaries and along the confluence of delta in coastal areas. Mangroves include species of the genera Rhizophora and Aviccunia.

Wastelands

Wastelands are described as degraded lands which can be brought under vegetative cover with reasonable water and soil management or on account of natural causes. Wastelands can result from internal / imposed constraints such as by location, environment, chemical and physical prosperities of the soil or financial or management constraints.

Different types of wastelands include salt-affected lands, waterlogged lands, marshy/swampy lands, mudlands, gullied / ravenous lands, land with or without scrub, sandy areas and barren rocky / stony waste / sheet rock areas.

Salt-Affected Land

The salt-affected land is generally characterized as the land that has adverse effects on the growth of most plants due to the action or presence of excess soluble or high exchangeable sodium. Alkaline land has an exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) of about 15, which is generally considered as the limit between normal and alkali soils. The predominant salts are carbonates and bicarbonates of sodium. Coastal saline soils may be with or without ingress or inundation by seawater.

Waterlogged Land

Waterlogged land is that land where the water is at/or near the surface and water stands for most of the year. Such lands usually occupy topographically low-lying areas. It excludes lakes, ponds




and tanks or in the context of the Wetlands (Conservation and Management Rules, 2010) such areas that could be considered as ‘protected wetlands’.

Marshy / Swampy Land / Mud Land Area

Marshy land is that which is permanently or periodically inundated by water and is characterized by vegetation, which includes grasses and weeds. Marshes are classified into salt/brackish or fresh water depending on the salinity of water. These exclude Mangroves.

Gullied / Ravenous Land

The ‘gullies’ are formed as a result of localized surface runoff affecting the friable unconsolidated material in the formation of perceptible channels resulting in undulating terrain. The gullies are the first stage of excessive land dissection followed by their networking which leads to the development of ravenous land. The word ‘ravine’ is usually associated not with an isolated gully but a network of deep gullies formed generally in thick alluvium and entering a nearby river, flowing much lower than the surrounding high grounds. The ravines are extensive systems of gullies developed along river courses.

Land with / without Scrub

They occupy (relatively) higher topography like uplands or high grounds with or without scrub. These lands are generally prone to degradation or erosion. These exclude hilly and mountainous terrain.

Sandy Area (Coastal and Desertic)

These are the areas, which have stabilized accumulations of sand in-site or transported in coastal riverine or inland (desert) areas. These occur either in the form of sand dunes, beaches, channel (river/stream) islands, etc.

Barren Rocky / Stony Waste / Sheet Rock Area

It is defined as the rock exposures of varying lithology often barren and devoid of soil cover and vegetation and not suitable for cultivation. They occur amidst hill forests as openings or scattered as isolated exposures or loose fragments of boulders or as sheet rocks on plateau and plains. It includes quarry or gravel pit or brick kilns.

Water Bodies

It is an area of impounded water, areal in extent and often with a regulated flow of water. It includes man-made reservoirs/lakes/tank/canals, besides natural lakes, rivers/streams and creeks.

River / Stream

It is a course of flowing water on the land along definite channels. It includes from a small stream to a big river and its branches. It may be perennial or non-perennial.

Reservoir / Lakes / Ponds / Tanks

It is a natural or man-made enclosed water body with a regulated flow of water. Reservoirs are larger than tanks/lakes and are used for generating electricity, irrigation and for flood control.




Tanks are smaller in areal extent with limited use than the former. Canals are inland waterways used for irrigation and sometimes for navigation.

Others

It includes all those landuse and land cover classes which can be treated as miscellaneous because of their nature of occurrence, physical appearance and other characteristics.

Shifting Cultivation

It is the result of cyclic land use practice of felling of trees and burning of forest areas for growing crops. Such lands are also known as jhoom lands and cultivation called jhoom cultivation.

Grassland / Grazing Land

It is an area of land covered with natural grass along with other vegetation, often grown for fodder to feed cattle and other animals. Such lands are found in river beds, on uplands, hill slopes, etc. Such lands can also be called as permanent pastures or meadows. Grazing lands are those where certain pockets of land are fenced for allowing cattle to graze.

Snow Covered / Glacial Area

These are snow-covered areas defined as a solid form of water consisting of minute particles of ice. It includes permanently snow covered areas as on the Himalayas. Glacier is a mass of accumulated ice occurring amidst permanently snow-covered areas.

Vegetation Cover

It is a land area predominantly covered with vegetation and is not part of Protected / Reserved Forests




Annexure 3: Impact Assessment Methodology

Key Definitions

Environment

Surroundings in which an organization operates, including air, water, land, natural resources, flora, fauna, humans, and their interrelation.

Environmental Aspect

Element of an organization’s activities (including those activities that occur during normal, abnormal, emergency and final decommissioning operations) or raw materials or products or services that can interact with the environment.

Environmental aspects selected for further study should be large enough for meaningful examination and small enough to be easily understood.

Environmental Impact

Any change to the environment, whether adverse or beneficial, wholly or partially resulting from an organization’s environmental aspect.

Environmental Components

The environment includes surroundings in which an organization operates such as air, water, land, natural resources, flora, fauna, humans and their interrelation.

The environmental components (or parts of the receiving environment on which impacts are being assessed) include: Land use/land cover, air quality, noise quality, surface water environment, ground water environment, soil, ecology and bio diversity, socio economics, occupational health, community health and safety.

After the identification of impacting activities, impacts require to be assessed based on subjective / objective criteria. This is done in the following steps:

Identification of Impacts

This entails employing a simple checklist method requiring:

Listing of organisation’s activities, raw materials, products and services Listing of environmental aspects (i.e. elements of an organization’s activities or raw materials,

products or services that can cause environmental impacts) Identifying applicable components of the environment on which the environmental aspects

can cause an environmental impact Making notes of the reason / possible inter-relationships that lead to environmental impact

creation Listing the environmental components likely to receive impacts, along with the key impacting

activities on each component

Component Wise Environmental Impact Assessment and Mitigation

A component wise approach to environmental impact assessment and mitigation is now applied. For each environmental component (Air Pollution and Air Quality, Noise, Water, Land, EB, RD, SE, OH&HS), this is carried through a series of steps as follows.




Step 1: Review and Assessment of the Specific Aspects Generating Environmental Impact

Several scientific techniques and methodologies are also used to predict impacts on the environment. Mathematical models are useful tools (where applicable) to quantitatively describe the cause and effect relationships between sources of pollution and different components of environment. In cases where it is not possible to identify and validate a model for a particular situation, predictions have been arrived at based on logical reasoning / consultation / extrapolation or overlay methods. In any case, for each component of the environment, the methods used to arrive at the likely impacts require to be described.

Step 2: Arriving at the Environmental Impact Significance, Identifying Aspects Causing Unacceptable Levels of Environmental Impact Significance and Prioritizing Aspects Requiring Mitigation Measures

Once a general understanding of the impacts has been obtained, efforts are made to compare significance of different impacts so as to prioritize mitigation measures, focusing on those impacting activities (i.e. aspects) that require urgent mitigation. For ease of comparison across different activities, a summary environmental significance score is calculated. Two key elements are taken into consideration based on standard environmental impact significance assessment methodologies:

Severity: the seriousness or the extent of environmental impact due to an activity and its interaction with the physical, biological and/or socio-economic environments.

Likelihood of Occurrence: the likelihood that an impact may occur due to the project activity/aspect.

A combination of severity and likelihood of occurrence gives a reasonable measure of environmental impact significance, which aids in decision making. It must always be kept in mind that any scoring methodology howsoever well-defined is subjective and different persons can arrive at different impact significance scores based on their understanding / opinion. Therefore end results should be evaluated against past experience, professional judgment as well as project and activity specific conditions to ensure adequacy and equity. Kadam has made an effort to ensure that the scoring does not change significantly assuming that different evaluators are equally well informed on the project as well as knowledgeable on the concerned issues.

The steps in calculating the environmental impact significance for each environmental component are discussed in subsequent paragraphs.

Scoring the Impact Severity

The impacts resulting from activities which need to comply with legal requirement, EP Rules / NOC / Other Statutory permissions, shall not require scoring, and shall be considered Significant.

The severity on various environmental receptors have been ranked into 5 levels ranging from Insignificant (1 point) to Catastrophic (5 points) as given in Table 1. This table covers impacts only focusing on the study being undertaken by Kadam’s Functional Area Experts.

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Dholera Annexure


Table 1: Impact Scoring System – Consequence Assessment

S. No.

Environmental Component Impacted

Impact and Score1

Insignificant Consequence (+/-) 1 point

Minor Consequence (+/-) 2 points

Moderate Consequence (+/-) 3 points

Major Consequence (+/-) 4 points

Catastrophic Consequence (+/-) 5 points

C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7

1 Landuse / Landcover

Very short term (< 3 months) and reversible

change in landuse and / or landcover

Short term (3 months – 1 year) and reversible

change in landuse and / or landcover

Medium term (1 - 3 years) and reversible change in

landuse and / or landcover

Long term (>3 years) irreversible change in

landuse and / or landcover

Permanent and irreversible adverse change in landuse

and / or landcover

2 Air Quality

Temporary nuisance due to controlled/uncontrolled release of air emissions,

odor / dust or greenhouse gases

Minor environmental impact due to

controlled/uncontrolled release of air emissions,

odor / dust or greenhouse gases with no lasting detrimental effects

Moderate environmental impact due to

controlled/uncontrolled release of air emissions,

odor / dust or greenhouse gases leading to visual impacts, at significant

nuisance levels

Significant environmental impact due to release of air emissions, odor / dust or greenhouse gases leading

to exceeding of limits specified in EP Rules’

Unacceptable environmental impact due to release of air emissions,

odor / dust leading to possibility of chronic /

acute health issues, injuries or fatalities

3

Ambient Noise - give the mean score from the three categories,

rounded to the nearest decimal

Background Noise Levels, with respect to Applicable Limit2 as per The Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000, as Measured at Boundary of Relevant Noise Generating Unit

<10% or more Between <10 to <5% <5% or the limit Upto 5% above the limit >5% above the limit Incremental Noise Levels, as Predicted at Boundary of Relevant Noise Generating Unit

1 dB(A) or less 1 dB(A) – 2 dB(A) 2 dB(A) – 3 dB(A) 3 dB(A) – 4 dB(A) 4 dB(A) or more Incremental Noise Levels, as Predicted at Boundary of Nearest Human Settlement / Sensitive Receptor from Boundary of Relevant Noise Generating

Unit 0.5 dB(A) or less 0.5 dB(A) – 1 dB(A) 1 dB(A) – 1.5 dB(A) 1.5 dB(A) – 2 dB(A) 2 dB(A) or more

4

Surface Water - give the mean score from the three categories,


Water Consumption (KL/D) < 50 51 – 100 101 - 250 250 – 500 501 and more

Water Consumption, Duration < 1 year 1 – 3 years 3 – 5 years 5 – 10 years 10 years or more

1 In case none of the impacts are applicable, then Not Applicable (NA) is written in the appropriate cell 2 For leq (day) or leq (night), whichever is higher


Dholera Annexure


S. No.


Impact and Score1






C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 Wastewater Discharge Quality

No wastewater generation Zero Discharge3 Discharge to an authorized, functional CETP

Other discharge within limits specified by the EP

Rules

Other discharge, outside limits specified by the EP

Rules

5

Ground Water - give the mean score from the three categories,


Location of Drawl, as per CGWA / CGWB Regulations Safe Semi-critical Critical Over-exploited Notified

Water Drawl (KL/D) < 50 51 – 100 101 - 250 250 – 500 501 and more

Water Drawl, Duration < 1 year 1 – 3 years 3 – 5 years 5 – 10 years 10 years or more

Wastewater Discharge Quality

No wastewater generation Zero Discharge Discharge to an authorized, functional CETP

Other discharge within limits specified by the EP

Rules

Other discharge, outside limits specified by the EP

Rules Accidental Discharge

Negligible leakages of chemicals/oil that only

require periodic maintenance for both

storage / transport routes

Minor but frequent leakages of chemicals/oil

that require provision safety measures and proper maintenance

Moderate leakages of chemicals/oil that may

contaminate groundwater if proper safety measures not

provided

Major leakages of chemicals/oil that

contaminate groundwater if safety measures not

provided

Heavy leakage that can adversely contaminate groundwater and must

require urgent remediation actions

6 Soil Quality Loss of upto 20% topsoil, or minor contamination of

soil that can be easily restored close to original

Loss of upto 40% topsoil, or actual or possible contamination of soil volume <25 m3 but

Loss of upto 60% topsoil, or actual or possible contamination of soil volume <25 m3 but

Loss upto 80% topsoil, or actual or possible

contamination of soil volume >25 m3 and above Dutch Intervention Values,

Loss upto 100% topsoil, or actual or possible

contamination of soil volume >25 m3 and above Dutch Intervention Values4

3 Meaning that any wastewater generated is recycled and any non-recycled water is disposed without discharge, through an appropriate means such as thermal destruction 4 Source: Ministry of Housing Spatial Planning and the Environment, Netherlands; Soil Remediation Circular 2009, Annex A.


Dholera Annexure


S. No.


Impact and Score1






C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 condition for volume <10

m3 belowDutch Intervention

Values aboveDutch Intervention

Values but not deemed to require

urgent remediation and deemed to require

urgent remediation

7.1

Socio-economic Environment: Social Aspects - give the

mean score from the categories, rounded

to the nearest decimal

Possible Temporary or Permanent Migration, Persons as a % of Population of Study Area <0.5% <1% <1.5% <2% 2.5%

Possible Change in Ethnicity, vis-à-vis Major Existing Ethnicities Present in Study Area Not Likely Possible Limited Significant Severe

Gender Imbalance, as a Proportion to Existing Sex-Ratio Not Likely Possible Limited Significant Severe

Possibility of Return to Original Status in Terms of Any or All of the Above Changes <1 year <2 years <3 years <5 years Permanent Change

7.2

Socio-economic Environment:

Economic Aspects - give the mean score from the categories,


No of Jobs Gained or Lost <50 Up to 75 Up to 100 Up to 250 Up to 500 or more

Persons Having Loss or Gain in Income <50 100 250 500 1000 or more

Land Losers <10 <20 <50 <100 >100

Losers of Homesteads <5 <10 <25 <50 >50

7.3 Socio-economic Aspects: Cultural

Minor repairable damage to commonplace structures

Minor repairable damage to structures/ items of cultural

significance, or minor infringements of cultural

values

Moderate damage to structures/ items of cultural significance, or significant,

infringement of cultural values/ sacred location

Major damage to structures/ items of cultural

significance, or major infringement of cultural values/sacred locations

Irreparable damage to highly valued structures/

items/ locations of cultural significance or sacred value

Consequence Distance

8.1 Risk to People Slight injury or health

effects (including first aid case and medical treatment case). Not affecting work

Minor injury or health effects- Affecting work

performance, e.g. restriction to activities, or

Major injury of health effects (including

permanent disability)- Affecting work

Single fatality or permanent total disability-

from an accident or occupational illness

Multiple Fatalities-From an accident of occupational

illness


Dholera Annexure


S. No.


Impact and Score1






C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 performance or causing

disability need to take a time off

work to recover. Limited, reversible health effects e.g. skin irritation, food

poisoning

performance in the longer term. e.g. prolonged absence from work.

Irreversible health damage without loss of life, e.g.

noise induced hearing loss, chronic back injuries

8.2 Risk to Environment

Slight Effect- Local Environment damage.

Within the fence and within system. Negligible financial

consequences

Minor effect- contamination. Damage

sufficiently large to attack the environment. Single exceeding of statutory or

prescribed criterion. Single complaint. No permanent effect on the environment

Localized effect- Limited loss of discharges of known

toxicity. Repeated exceeding of statutory or prescribed limit. Affecting

neighborhood. Spontaneous recovery of

limited damage within one year

Major effect- Severe environmental damage.

The company is required to take extensive measures to

restore polluted or damaged environment to

its original state. Extended exceeding of statutory or

prescribed limits

Massive effect-Persistent severe environmental

damage or severe nuisance extending over a large

area. In terms of commercial or recreational use or nature conservation, a major economic loss for the company. Constant,

high exceeding of statutory or prescribed limits

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Table 2: Impact Scoring System – (Ecology and Bidiversity)

S. No.

Ecological Components

Likely Impacted

Magnitude Rating (M)





Severe Consequence (+/-) 5 points

C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7

1 Flora / Fauna

Habitat / Ecosystem Terrestrial

Flora Terrestrial

Fauna Aquatic Flora Aquatic Fauna Marine Flora Marine Fauna

Site specific loss (removal) of common floral species

(but not any tree or trees). Vegetation composition does not form a habitat

character for any species of conservation significance.

No short term or long term impacts are likely to adversely affect the

surrounding habitat / ecosystem.

Site specific disturbance to common / generalist faunal

species (e.g. movement pattern, displacement etc.).

No negative impacts on surrounding ecosystem functioning or habitat

ecology.

Site specific loss (removal) of some saplings of trees. Minor temporary

impacts on ecosystem functioning or habitat ecology of common / generalist species.

Minor short term / long term impacts on surrounding /

immediate / adjacent habitats and are

resilient to changes in habitat structure or

condition. Impact on surrounding

agro-ecosystem / agriculture when

environmental data / parameters are within

permissible limits.

Site specific loss (removal) of some common well

grown tree / trees species. Site specific loss of nesting / breeding habitat of common / generalist species of flora-fauna but will not result in permanent loss of habitat. Short term or long term

impacts are likely to adversely affect the surrounding habitat

character/ habitat ecology/ functioning of ecosystem.

Impact on surrounding agro-ecosystem /

agriculture when physical parameters with marginal

increase but can be mitigated.

Site specific impact on threatened species but

impacted species is widely distributed outside the project site. Short term

impacts may lead to loss of abundance or extent, but

unlikely to cause local population extinction.

Site specific habitat loss of fauna listed in IUCN,

WCMC, Birdlife International, or any other international literature - secondary information. Impacts on habitats /

ecosystems of international importance.

Impact on threatened species listed in as a endemic / Schedule-

I as per IWPA 1972, BSI, Red Data Book, ZSI, BSI or literature

published by any State Govt. Institute, University and Collage

etc. Loss of habitat of above said

flora-fauna. Impact on genetic diversity

Impact on NP /PF /WLS /ESZ /IBA / tiger reserve / elephant corridor

/ corridor. Impact on ecosystem like river,

forest, wetland (e.g. RAMSAR site etc.) etc.

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MITIGATION MEASURES

KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | SEPTEMBER 2017 167

2. Quantifying the Probability of Occurrence of the Impact

After identifying the consequence severity as shown in Table 1 & Table 2, the probability of occurrence also needs to be estimated to arrive at a complete picture of environmental impact risk. Table 3 & Table 4 provides probability / likelihood ratings on a scale of 1-5. These ratings are used for estimating the likelihood of each occurrence.

Table 3: Occurance of frequency Assessment for EB Description Occurrence Frequency Occurrence Frequency Rating (F)

Regular Continuous occurrence / each day 5 Frequent Occurs several times each year 4 Periodic Might occur a few times each year 3

Occasional Might happen few times during the project life cycle 2 Rare One time or one-off event during the project life cycle 1

Table 4: Probability of Occurance for others

Description Environment Health and Safety Likelihood of Containment

Failure, Event / Year5

Probability

C1 C2 C3.1 OR C3.2 C4

Frequent Continues or will

happen every time

Has happened more than once per year at the location (in case of

expansion projects) or less than once per year in the organization /

similar installations

1 x 10-3 5

Often Occur several times

Has happened at the location (in case of expansion projects) or more than once per year in organization /

similar installations

1 x 10-4 4

Likely Might occur at least once

Has happened once in organization or more than once per year in

Industry 1 x 10-5 3

Possible Might occur Heard of in the Industry 1 x 10-6 2

Rare Very rarely encountered Never heard of in the Industry 1 x 10-7 or lower 1

The level of environmental impact risk is calculated by multiplying the consequence score and the probability of occurrence together. Thus

Significance of Impact = Consequence Score × Probability of Occurrence

The final score is in relative point score, rather than actual impact. Table 5 below assigns significance criteria, based on the scale of 1-25, used for prioritizing mitigation measures for reducing the environmental impact risks and thereafter, formulating and implementing Environmental Management Plans (EMPs).

To do this, environmental impact risk levels are first scored and identified as mentioned earlier and then evaluated on the evaluation scale that follows in Table 5.

Table 5: environmental Impact Significance criteria

Probability Consequence (Risk)

Insignificant (1) Minor (2) Moderate (3) Major (4) Catastrophic (5) Rare (1) 1 2 3 4 5

Possible (2) 2 4 6 8 10 Likely (3) 3 6 9 12 15 Often (4) 4 8 12 16 20

5Based on published failure data, per recognized failure unit (such as km-years, unit of operation or others).



MITIGATION MEASURES


Probability Consequence (Risk)

Insignificant (1) Minor (2) Moderate (3) Major (4) Catastrophic (5) Certain (5) 5 10 15 20 25

Quantifying Ecological Impact

The level of environmental impact risk is calculated by multiplying the consequence score and the probability of occurrence together. Thus,

Significance of Impact = Consequence Score × Probability of Occurrence

The final score is in relative point score, rather than actual impact. The impact estimation is carried out assuming an implementation of sound management programmes to maintain healthy ecological conditions. Table 2-3 assigns significance criteria, based on the scale of 1-25, used for prioritizing mitigation measures for reducing the environmental impact and thereafter, formulating and implementing Environmental Management Plans (EMPs).

To do this, environmental impact risk levels are first scored and identified as mentioned earlier and then evaluated on the evaluation scale that follows in Table 6.

Table 6: Impact Significance Criteria

Probability Severity

Insignificant (1) Minor (2) Moderate (3) Major (4) Extensive (5) Indefinite / Rare (1) 1 2 3 4 5

Improbable (2) 2 4 6 8 10 Possible (3) 3 6 9 12 15 Probable (4) 4 8 12 16 20

Definite / Every day (5) 5 10 15 20 25

1. Identifying Activities Causing Unacceptable Levels of Environmental Risk

Environmental risks are now clubbed into four levels from extreme risk to low risk activities. Extreme risk activities are unacceptable and therefore need to be either stopped or modified such that they are brought to a lower level of environmental risk.

High and moderate risk activities, although acceptable, require being evaluated and mitigated in a manner that their consequences / probabilities are lowered, with more focus on high risk activities vis-à-vis moderate risk activities. Low risk activities do not require further mitigation. This is summarized in Table 7.

Table 7: Environmental Risk Categorization Score Type of Risk Action Required 15-25 Extreme Risk Activity should not proceed in current form

8-12 High Risk Activity should be modified to include remedial planning and actions and be subject to detailed EHS assessment

4-6 Moderate Risk Activity can operate subject to management and / or modification 1-3 Low Risk No action required unless escalation of risk is possible

Categorization of Ecological Risk

Ecological risk is categorized in to three levels from Less, Moderate and High ecological risk ( Table 8). Activities expected high ecological risk activities are unacceptable in current form and need to be eliminated or activity should be modified to include remedial planning such that they are brought to the lower level of ecological impact significance. Similarly, activities having less ecological risk require periodic monitoring / surveillance and an activity having moderate ecological risk requires operational controls.



MITIGATION MEASURES


Table 8: Ecological Risk Categorization Impact Score Severity Mitigation Measures Required

> 20 High Activity / Aspect should be eliminated or Activity should be modified to include remedial planning

11 to 20 Moderate Operation subject to management by operational controls 1 to 10 Less Operation subject to periodic monitoring / surveillance

2. Mitigation Measures

Mitigation measures require being formulated and implemented for all high risk and moderate risk activities. A programme to implement all mitigation measures is then prepared and presented as an Environmental Management Program.

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Annexure 4: Long term Meteorological Data



Annexure 5: Aspect – Impact

S. No.

Project Activities / Aspects

Potential Environmental Impacts on Environment

Remarks

Land

use/

Lan

dcov

er

(LU

/LC)

Air Q

ualit

y (A

Q)

Noi

se a

nd V

ibra

tion

(N

V)

Surf

ace

Wat

er (

SW)

Gro

und

Wat

er (

GW

)

Soil

(S)

Ecol

ogy

& B

io-d

iver

sity

(E

B)

Soci

o-Ec

onom

ic (

SE)

Occ

upat

iona

l Hea

lth,

Co

mm

unit

y H

ealt

h &

Sa

fety

(O

H /

CH

&S)

C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 Drilling 1 Site Selection

1.1 Land lease or purchase ● o

LU (-): Potential change in land; SE (+): Compensation to land owner against lease –

voluntary land lease at market rate; annual lease payments by cheque;

2 Preparation of Site

2.1 Clearance of vegetation at site and preparation of approach roads ● ● ● ● ● o ●

LC (-): Change in land cover AQ (-): Dust generation during clearing operations NV (-): Noise and vibration from vehicles and road

laying equipment S (-): Soil erosion due to wind or storm water run off EB (-): possible loss of green cover (very marginal)

SE(+): improved local roads; short time employment for approach road construction

OH (-): risk of occupational injuries

2.2 Excavation and paving of site ● ● ● ● o ●

LC(-): Change in topography of site due to excavation; AQ(-): Dust generation due for excavation operations; NV(-): Noise generation due to machinery used (JCB,

Tractors and Trucks) for excavation operation S(-): Loss of top soil;



S. No.



Remarks

Land

use/

Lan

dcov

er

(LU

/LC)

Air Q

ualit

y (A

Q)

Noi

se a

nd V

ibra

tion

(N

V)

Surf

ace

Wat

er (

SW)

Gro

und

Wat

er (

GW

)

Soil

(S)

Ecol

ogy

& B

io-d

iver

sity

(E

B)

Soci

o-Ec

onom

ic (

SE)

Occ

upat

iona

l Hea

lth,

Co

mm

unit

y H

ealt

h &

Sa

fety

(O

H /

CH

&S)

SE(+): Temporary job creation for excavation and site preparation work;

OH(-): Occupational risk involved in excavation work

2.3 Vehicle movement for transportation of rig, materials and equipment ● ● o ● o ●

AQ(-): Dust Generation due to vehicle movement; NV(-): Noise Generation due vehicle movement and

unloading of materials such as drill casing pipes, mud circulation system, DG Sets, Rig components

SE(+): hiring of vehicles for movement of materials OH/ CH&S(-): Risk involved in transportation activity

such as accidents, damage to properties etc S(+) Compaction of soil reduced erosion

EB (-): Impact on terrestrial fauna 3 Rigging up and Drilling

3.1

Setting up the rig floor and derrick, handrails, guard rails, stairs,

walkways, ladders, flare stack, drilling fluid circulating system & other

equipment and machinery

● ●

NV(-): Noise generation during set up of rig and machinery;

OH(-): Risk of occupational injury such as fall from height, stuck by object, caught in under or between,

etc. during rigging up operation

3.2 Workforce accommodation & sanitation ● ●o ●

S(-): Soil contamination if soak pit is not designed properly;

SE(+): Marginal increase in indirect income of locals due to technical crew at site

SE (-): Conflict of Crew members with nearby villagers OH(-): Risk of dieses due to unhygienic condition of

accommodation and sanitation facilities



S. No.



Remarks

Land

use/

Lan

dcov

er

(LU

/LC)

Air Q

ualit

y (A

Q)

Noi

se a

nd V

ibra

tion

(N

V)

Surf

ace

Wat

er (

SW)

Gro

und

Wat

er (

GW

)

Soil

(S)

Ecol

ogy

& B

io-d

iver

sity

(E

B)

Soci

o-Ec

onom

ic (

SE)

Occ

upat

iona

l Hea

lth,

Co

mm

unit

y H

ealt

h &

Sa

fety

(O

H /

CH

&S)

3.3 Chemical and fuel storage ● ● ● ●

SW (-): Possibility of surface water contamination due to spillage of chemicals and fuel

GW(-): Possibility of ground water contamination due to spillage of chemicals and fuel;

S(-): Possibility of soil contamination due to spillage if any;

OH(-): Occupational risk due to handling of material required for drilling mud preparation

3.4 Use of raw water for drilling ● GW(-): Use of resources, PDPU will use water through tanker supply from its nearest installation to the drilling

locations

3.5 Preparation of drilling fluid ● ●

S(-): possibility of soil contamination due to spillage of mud if any

OH (-): Occupational risk during preparation of drilling fluid

3.6 Drilling process ● ● ● ● ●

AQ(-): air emission due to operation of DG sets; NV (-): Noise generation due to operation of rig, DG Set

and mud circulation pump; S(-): Possible contamination of soil due to improper discharge of drill cutting, spillage of diesel & oil and

waste water from drilling process EB(-): disturbance to fauna residing near to site

OH (-): Occupational risk during drilling due to unsafe practices



S. No.



Remarks

Land

use/

Lan

dcov

er

(LU

/LC)

Air Q

ualit

y (A

Q)

Noi

se a

nd V

ibra

tion

(N

V)

Surf

ace

Wat

er (

SW)

Gro

und

Wat

er (

GW

)

Soil

(S)

Ecol

ogy

& B

io-d

iver

sity

(E

B)

Soci

o-Ec

onom

ic (

SE)

Occ

upat

iona

l Hea

lth,

Co

mm

unit

y H

ealt

h &

Sa

fety

(O

H /

CH

&S)

3.7 Installation of casing ● S(-): possibility of soil contamination due to improper installation of casing

3.8 Circulating and cementing ● ● GW/S(-): possibility of ground water and soil

contamination due to leakage of cement and mud during circulating and cementing

3.9 Storage, handling and disposal of solid/hazardous waste ● ●

S(-): Possibility of soil contamination due to improper disposal and/ or transportation of solid and Hazardous

waste; OH/OH&S(-): Risk to workers and community in

surrounding area due to spillage if not stored and transported properly

3.10 Storage, handling and disposal of waste water ● ● ● ●

GW/S(-): Possibility of ground water and soil contamination due to improper disposal/Storage of

waste water; SE(-):Damage to crop in adjacent field due to possibility of leakage or overflow of waste water from HDPE lined

pit OH/OH&S(-): Risk to community health due to spillage

in surrounding area if not stored properly

3.11 Blow out ● ● ● ● ●

AQ(-): air emission during blow out; S(-): Soil contamination due to deposition of

hydrocarbon emitted during blow out; NV(-): Noise due to blow out;



S. No.



Remarks

Land

use/

Lan

dcov

er

(LU

/LC)

Air Q

ualit

y (A

Q)

Noi

se a

nd V

ibra

tion

(N

V)

Surf

ace

Wat

er (

SW)

Gro

und

Wat

er (

GW

)

Soil

(S)

Ecol

ogy

& B

io-d

iver

sity

(E

B)

Soci

o-Ec

onom

ic (

SE)

Occ

upat

iona

l Hea

lth,

Co

mm

unit

y H

ealt

h &

Sa

fety

(O

H /

CH

&S)

EB(-): impact on ecology and bio diversity of surrounding area due to emission of hydrocarbon &

heat generated during blow out; OH/OH&S(-): Risk of fatal injury to worker and staff

working at site, risk to community health due to emission of hydrocarbon in surrounding area

4.0 Decommissioning

4.1 Dismantling of Rig and Associated Machinery ● ● ● ●

AQ(-): Dust generation during dismantling work; NV(-): noise generation during dismantling work

S(-): possibility of soil contamination during decommissioning work;

OH(-): Occupational risk during dismantling work of rig and associated machinery

4.2 Site Restoration o ●

LC(+): when the site is restored properly it can have a positive impact as the productivity will be regained; SE(-): Economical impact due to loss of income from

land if site is not restored properly


DRILLING OF ONE GEOTHERMAL PARAMETRIC WELL IN DHOLERA ANNEXURES


Annexure 6: National Ambient Air Quality Standard

Pollutants Time

Weighted Average

Concentration in Ambient Air

Industrial, Residential, Rural and other area

Ecologically Sensitive

area(Notified by Central

Government)

Method of measurement

Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)

Annual Avg* 50 µg/m3 20 µg/m3 Improved West and Gacke method

24 hrs.** 80 µg/m3 80 µg/m3 Ultraviolet fluorescence

Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)

Annual Avg* 40 µg/m3 30 µg/m3 Modified Jacab and Hochheiser (Na-arsenite)

24 hrs.** 80 µg/m3 80 µg/m3 Chemiluminescence

Particulate Matter (Size less than 10

µm) or PM10 µg/m3

Annual Avg* 60 µg/m3 60 µg/m3 Gravimetric

TOEM Beta attenuation 24 hrs.** 100 µg/m3 100 µg/m3

Particulate Matter (Size less than 2.5

µm) or PM2.5 µg/m3

Annual Avg* 40 µg/m3 40 µg/m3 Gravimetric TOEM

Beta attenuation 24 hrs.** 60 µg/m3 60 µg/m3

Ozone (O3) µg/m3

8 hrs.** 100 µg/m3 100 µg/m3 UV photometric Chemiluminescence Chemical Method 1 hrs.** 180 µg/m3 100 µg/m3

Lead (Pb)

Annual Avg* 0.50 µg/m3 0.50 µg/m3 AAS Method after sampling using EPM 2000 or equivalent

filter paper ED-XRF using Teflon filter.

24 hrs.** 1.0 µg/m3 1.0 µg/m3

Carbon Monoxide (CO)

8 hrs.** 2.0 mg/m3 2.0 mg/m3 Non-disbersive, Monoxide Infrared spectroscopy (NDIR) 1 hr. 4.0 mg/m3 4.0 mg/m3

Ammonia (NH3) µg/m3

Annual Avg* 100 µg/m3 100 µg/m3 Chemiluminescence 24 hrs.** 400 µg/m3 400 µg/m3 Indophenol blue method

Benzene µg/m3 Annual Avg* 05 µg/m3 05 µg/m3

Gas Chromatography based continuous analyzer

Adsorption & Desorption followed by GC analysis

Benzo(a)pyrene – Particulate phase

only, µg/m3 Annual Avg* 01 µg/m3 01 µg/m3 Solvent Extraction followed by

HPLC/GC analysis.

Arsenic As), µg/m3 Annual Avg* 06 µg/m3 06 µg/m3

AAS/ICP Method after sampling on EPM 2000 or

equivalent filter paper

Nickel (Ni), µg/m3 Annual Avg* 20 µg/m3 20 µg/m3 AAS/ICP Method after

sampling on EPM 2000 or equivalent filter paper



Annexure 7: Ambient Air Quality

S No Station Code

Sampling Date Sampling Location Area

/Category

Average Pollutant Concentration (µg/m3) ppm

PM10 PM 2.5 (24hr.)

SO2 NOx THC NMHCs (Grab) CO VOCs

(Grab) (24hr.) (24hr.) (24hr) (Grab) (8 Hrs)

CPCB Norms

Industrial, Residential, Rural and Other Area 100 60 80 80 NS NS 2000 NS

Ecologically Sensitive Area 100 60 80 80 NS NS 2000 NS

(Notified by Central Govt.)

1 AA1 4.10.16 Dholera Rural 56 18 8 12.2

2 AA1 5.10.16 Dholera Rural 46 11 9 13.5

3 AA1 12.10.16 Dholera Rural 63 13 12 15.2 1050 22 528 <1.0 4 AA1 13.10.16 Dholera Rural 42 16 11 18.3 5 AA1 20.10.16 Dholera Rural 41 14 13 13.2 6 AA1 21.10.16 Dholera Rural 60 15 14 15.1 7 AA1 27.10.16 Dholera Rural 48 12 10 18.8 8 AA1 4.11.16 Dholera Rural 66 11 9.4 13.8 9 AA1 5.11.16 Dholera Rural 74 21 8.2 12.8 1040 25 635 <1.0 10 AA1 8.11.16 Dholera Rural 57 10 10.9 14.1 11 AA1 9.11.16 Dholera Rural 60 15 9.7 13.7 12 AA1 16.11.16 Dholera Rural 48 12 8 11.9 13 AA1 17.11.16 Dholera Rural 54 11 9.5 10.5 14 AA1 24.11.16 Dholera Rural 40 15 10.5 11.4 15 AA1 25.11.16 Dholera Rural 51 12 10.5 12.4 16 AA1 1.12.16 Dholera Rural 49 11 9.4 13.1 17 AA1 2.12.16 Dholera Rural 63 11 9.4 14.5 1148 28 600 <1.0 18 AA1 9.12.16 Dholera Rural 65 12 8.6 13.2 19 AA1 10.12.16 Dholera Rural 54 11 8.4 15.2 20 AA1 17.12.16 Dholera Rural 53 13 7.6 14.6



S No Station Code


/Category


PM10 PM 2.5 (24hr.)



CPCB Norms




21 AA1 18.12.16 Dholera Rural 64 15 12.2 13.1 1050 24 750 <1.0 22 AA1 25.12.16 Dholera Rural 55 16 13.4 15.1 23 AA1 26.12.16 Dholera Rural 46 14 10.8 16.2 1 AA2 3.10.16 Bhadiyad Rural 64 23 12.2 8.6 2 AA2 4.10.16 Bhadiyad Rural 50 16 11.1 10.3 3 AA2 11.10.16 Bhadiyad Rural 46 10 13.2 12.2 4 AA2 12.10.16 Bhadiyad Rural 58 15 15.2 13.2 5 AA2 19.10.16 Bhadiyad Rural 61 18 13.2 14.2 6 AA2 4.11.16 Bhadiyad Rural 60 15 9.1 14.3 7 AA2 5.11.16 Bhadiyad Rural 53 16 8.2 13.5 987 19 574 <1.0 8 AA2 8.11.16 Bhadiyad Rural 58 13 8.9 13.3 9 AA2 9.11.16 Bhadiyad Rural 49 11 9.7 14.1 980 20 621 <1.0 10 AA2 16.11.16 Bhadiyad Rural 47 12 8.1 13.9 11 AA2 17.11.16 Bhadiyad Rural 59 14 9.4 14.2 12 AA2 24.11.16 Bhadiyad Rural 55 15 12.1 13.2 13 AA2 25.11.16 Bhadiyad Rural 63 18 10.3 11.6 14 AA2 1.12.16 Bhadiyad Rural 52 14 9 12.9 1050 26 598 <1 15 AA2 2.12.16 Bhadiyad Rural 50 16 8.2 15.8 16 AA2 9.12.16 Bhadiyad Rural 45 18 9.4 13.4 17 AA2 10.12.16 Bhadiyad Rural 42 16 9.8 13.5 18 AA2 17.12.16 Bhadiyad Rural 46 18 12.2 14.5



S No Station Code


/Category


PM10 PM 2.5 (24hr.)



CPCB Norms




19 AA2 18.12.16 Bhadiyad Rural 58 19 11.2 15.4 20 AA2 25.12.16 Bhadiyad Rural 69 13 10.8 16.3 21 AA2 26.12.16 Bhadiyad Rural 61 15 9.6 15.1 1 AA3 5.10.16 Gogla Rural 45 13 10.6 19.2 981 14 640 <1 2 AA3 6.10.16 Gogla Rural 46 14 11.1 16.4 3 AA3 13.10.16 Gogla Rural 47 15 15 14.3 4 AA3 14.10.16 Gogla Rural 49 13 13.2 13.4 5 AA3 21.10.16 Gogla Rural 51 11 14.2 15.6 6 AA3 22.10.16 Gogla Rural 60 10 11.2 12.3 7 AA3 29.10.16 Gogla Rural 66 16 14.3 13.2 8 AA3 30.10.16 Gogla Rural 48 14 10.1 14.3 1045 26 651 <1 9 AA3 6.10.16 Gogla Rural 51 16 12.2 16.5 10 AA3 7.10.16 Gogla Rural 46 13 13.1 16.4 11 AA3 10.10.16 Gogla Rural 78 25 10.2 18.4 12 AA3 11.11.16 Gogla Rural 51 13 8 14.8 13 AA3 18.11.16 Gogla Rural 65 14 8.9 13.2 14 AA3 19.11.16 Gogla Rural 68 19 9.2 15.2 15 AA3 26.11.16 Gogla Rural 49 12 8.5 14.3 16 AA3 27.11.16 Gogla Rural 52 11 8 12.7 1050 23 592 <1.0 17 AA3 28.11.16 Gogla Rural 63 16 10.7 14.6 18 AA3 4.12.16 Gogla Rural 59 14 8.7 14.2 987 18 605 <1.0



S No Station Code


/Category


PM10 PM 2.5 (24hr.)



CPCB Norms




19 AA3 5.12.16 Gogla Rural 57 13 8 13 1 AA4 9.10.16 Kadipur Rural 40 14 8.9 14.3 2 AA4 10.10.16 Kadipur Rural 42 15 9.4 15.3 3 AA4 17.10.16 Kadipur Rural 46 16 12.3 13.2 4 AA4 18.10.16 Kadipur Rural 48 18 6.2 14.6 5 AA4 25.10.16 Kadipur Rural 59 19 8.3 10.3 6 AA4 26.10.16 Kadipur Rural 43 16 9.6 11.8 7 AA4 8.11.16 Kadipur Rural 52 10 9 16.9 8 AA4 14.11.16 Kadipur Rural 66 16 8.4 12.1 9 AA4 15.11.16 Kadipur Rural 53 15 8.8 13.7 10 AA4 22.11.16 Kadipur Rural 49 10 8 11.2 1031 27 593 <1.0 11 AA4 23.11.16 Kadipur Rural 68 18 9.1 14 12 AA4 30.11.16 Kadipur Rural 88 21 16 12.4 13 AA4 31.12.16 Kadipur Rural 76 18 8 12.7 982 32 566 <1.0 14 AA4 7.12.16 Kadipur Rural 55 15 13 11.6 15 AA4 8.12.16 Kadipur Rural 53 16 15 11.2 16 AA4 15.12.16 Kadipur Rural 65 18 13 10.8 17 AA4 16.12.16 Kadipur Rural 56 13 11 18.4 18 AA4 23.12.16 Kadipur Rural 48 12 10 19.6 19 AA4 24.12.16 Kadipur Rural 41 10 8 21.2 20 AA4 31.12.16 Kadipur Rural 56 11 9 23.2 1050 23 597 <1.0



S No Station Code


/Category


PM10 PM 2.5 (24hr.)



CPCB Norms




1 AA5 5.10.16 Bhimtalav City 45 10 13.2 13.2 2 AA5 6.10.16 Bhimtalav City 66 18 12.3 13.2 3 AA5 13.10.16 Bhimtalav City 58 13 8.3 16.5 4 AA5 14.10.16 Bhimtalav City 52 12 10.5 18.6 5 AA5 21.10.16 Bhimtalav City 48 10 8.6 9.3 6 AA5 22.10.16 Bhimtalav City 52 12 6.5 10.2 1020 30 553 <1.0 7 AA5 29.10.16 Bhimtalav City 56 16 13.2 13.2 8 AA5 30.10.16 Bhimtalav City 44 13 6.5 13.8 9 AA5 6.11.16 Bhimtalav City 66 21 13.2 15.3 10 AA5 7.11.16 Bhimtalav City 74 23 11.2 14.3 11 AA5 10.11.16 Bhimtalav City 65 18 8.3 14.1 12 AA5 11.11.16 Bhimtalav City 57 11 8.6 13.8 13 AA5 26.11.16 Bhimtalav City 59 13 9.2 13.5 1009 10 612 <1.0 14 AA5 27.11.16 Bhimtalav City 61 15 8 13.9 15 AA5 4.12.16 Bhimtalav City 64 18 8.2 11.8 1024 23 587 <1.0 16 AA5 5.12.16 Bhimtalav City 57 15 9 13.3 1 AA6 7.10.16 Bhanagar-pipali Highway Rural 44 13 13.2 12.8 2 AA6 8.10.16 Bhanagar-pipali Highway Rural 66 20 15.1 12.3 3 AA6 15.10.16 Bhanagar-pipali Highway Rural 45 11 12.2 11.8 4 AA6 16.10.16 Bhanagar-pipali Highway Rural 42 13 13.2 10.9 1050 23 658 <1 5 AA6 23.10.16 Bhanagar-pipali Highway Rural 48 16 15.8 11.3



S No Station Code


/Category


PM10 PM 2.5 (24hr.)



CPCB Norms




6 AA6 24.10.16 Bhanagar-pipali Highway Rural 46 15 6.5 13.2 7 AA6 31.10.16 Bhanagar-pipali Highway Rural 58 17 10.6 12.4 8 AA6 1.11.16 Bhanagar-pipali Highway Rural 51 13 9.5 11.8 9 AA6 13.11.16 Bhanagar-pipali Highway Rural 44 12 8.5 13.2 10 AA6 14.11.16 Bhanagar-pipali Highway Rural 55 11 9.4 13 11 AA6 29.11.16 Bhanagar-pipali Highway Rural 49 13 8.8 15.3 980 10 676 <1.0 12 AA6 30.11.16 Bhanagar-pipali Highway Rural 51 10 8.2 14.3 13 AA6 6.12.16 Bhanagar-pipali Highway Rural 44 12 8.2 13.2 1018 10 600 <1.0 14 AA6 7.12.16 Bhanagar-pipali Highway Rural 57 10 8 14.1 15 AA6 13.12.16 Bhanagar-pipali Highway Rural 44 16 13.2 13.2 17 AA6 14.12.16 Bhanagar-pipali Highway Rural 48 18 8.4 16.4 18 AA6 21.12.16 Bhanagar-pipali Highway Rural 40 19 10.2 10.2 19 AA6 22.12.16 Bhanagar-pipali Highway Rural 46 29 8.4 18.4 20 AA6 29.12.16 Bhanagar-pipali Highway Rural 49 21 13.6 16.2 1 AA7 9.10.16 Gandhipara Rural 48 15 8 14.1 1059 28 597 <1.0 2 AA7 10.10.16 Gandhipara Rural 50 25 9.4 13.2 3 AA7 17.10.16 Gandhipara Rural 51 26 10.2 16.5 4 AA7 18.10.16 Gandhipara Rural 53 28 13.2 16.8 5 AA7 25.10.16 Gandhipara Rural 54 29 16.4 20.1 6 AA7 14.11.16 Gandhipara Rural 48 15 8 14.1 7 AA7 15.11.16 Gandhipara Rural 59 23 9.6 13.2



S No Station Code


/Category


PM10 PM 2.5 (24hr.)



CPCB Norms




8 AA7 22.11.16 Gandhipara Rural 55 14 10 12.7 1082 10 704 <1.0 9 AA7 23.11.16 Gandhipara Rural 45 15 10.7 14.2 10 AA7 30.11.16 Gandhipara Rural 49 11 9.4 12.3 11 AA7 31.11.16 Gandhipara Rural 49 11 9.4 12.3 12 AA7 7.12.16 Gandhipara Rural 66 24 8.6 13.2 13 AA7 8.12.16 Gandhipara Rural 44 13 10.2 12.2 14 AA7 15.12.16 Gandhipara Rural 59 15 11.6 15.6 15 AA7 23.12.16 Gandhipara Rural 50 13 13.2 18.9 1 AA8 7.10.16 Khun Rural 44 12 9.6 13.2 2 AA8 8.10.16 Khun Rural 55 15 9.1 14.9 1035 36 615 <1.0 3 AA8 15.10.16 Khun Rural 46 18 9.7 12.3 4 AA8 16.10.16 Khun Rural 48 11 10 14.5 1037 10 600 <1.0 5 AA8 23.10.16 Khun Rural 46 12 8 12.8 6 AA8 24.10.16 Khun Rural 56 15 9.7 12.9 7 AA8 1.11.16 Khun Rural 59 15 9.7 12.9 8 AA8 12.11.16 Khun Rural 67 12 9.6 13.2 9 AA8 13.11.16 Khun Rural 62 15 9.1 14.9 982 21 714 <1.0 10 AA8 29.11.16 Khun Rural 54 10 9.7 12.3 11 AA8 30.11.16 Khun Rural 52 11 10 14.5 12 AA8 6.12.16 Khun Rural 57 16 8 12.8 13 AA8 7.12.16 Khun Rural 54 13 9.7 12.9



S No Station Code


/Category


PM10 PM 2.5 (24hr.)



CPCB Norms




14 AA8 5.12.16 Khun Rural 40 12 9.6 13.2 15 AA8 6.12.16 Khun Rural 53 15 9.1 14.9 1050 24 588 <1.0 16 AA8 13.12.16 Khun Rural 66 18 9.7 12.3 17 AA8 14.12.16 Khun Rural 58 11 10 14.5 18 AA8 21.12.16 Khun Rural 56 16 8 12.8 19 AA8 29.12.16 Khun Rural 49 13 9.7 12.9 20 AA8 30.12.16 Khun Rural 43 19 6.3 15.4 1032 31 636 <1.0




Annexure 8: NABET Certificate



Annexure 9: Toposheet

CONTACT DETAILS

Vadodara (Head Office) 871/B/3, GIDC Makarpura, Vadodara, India – 390 010.

E: [email protected]; T:+91-265-6131000 Delhi / NCR

Spaze IT Park, Unit No. 1124, 11th Floor, Tower B-3, Sector 49, Near Omaxe City Center Mall, Sohna Road, Gurgaon, India – 122 002

E: [email protected]; T: 0124-424 2430-436

Kadam Environmental Consultants www. k a da m e nv i r o . co m

Environment for Deve lopment

centre for excellence for drilling of one ......centre for excellence for geothermal energy – pdpu...

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