TV white spaces & spectrum sharingTV white spaces & spectrum sharing

Cesar Gutierrez, OfcomETSI RRS Workshop, 3 – 4 December 2014

Content

• Section 1 – TV white spaces in the UK

• Section 2 – TV white spaces pilot

• Section 3 – Testing

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• Section 3 – Testing

• Section 4 – Spectrum sharing

The TV White Spaces opportunity

PMSE

470 MHz 790 MHz

Business

Radio,

Emergency

Services

4G

Mobile

DTT(6 muxes)

What does the TV band occupancy look like at a random location in the UK?

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Several channels available at EIRP levels that are usable and do not cause interference to DTT

470 MHz 790 MHz

Channel 60Channel 21

TV white spaces – the drivers and the applications

• Rural broadband

• Wireless broadband

• Favourable propagation characteristics of radio waves in the UHF band, • Wireless broadband

hot-spots

• In-home broadband

• Professional A/V distribution

• Machine-to-machine communications

• Wireless backhaul

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waves in the UHF band,

• and their ability to penetrate deep inside buildings

• Large bandwidths available at some locations

List of qualifying WSDBs

Details of PMSE

assignments

TVWS availability maps for

protection of DTT

Framework for access to TVWS in the UK

Interference management

tools

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White spaceDatabase

Master device(licence exempt)

WSDBs

(Subject to Ofcom’scontractual arrangements)

Slave device(licence exempt)

TV band

TV WHITE SPACES, UK PILOT

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TV white space pilot overview

Pilot objectives

• to explore the potential benefits and issues of the new technology

• to show if this model of spectrum sharing can be made to work

• to generate evidence on the coexistence issues between WSDs and DTT and PMSE

Pilot rules

• Triallists must get a licence from us to operate in the pilot

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• Triallists must get a licence from us to operate in the pilot

• Devices are required to comply with the requirements in ETSI EN 301 598 v 1.0.0

• Participating databases signed a contract with Ofcom, and had to go through an exhaustive process of qualification

Milestones

• 26 April 2013 Ofcom launched the idea of the pilot

• Ofcom and a first group of databases signed contract in December 2013

• First group of databases finished qualification in May 2014

• First trial went live in July 2014

GlasgowExternal Wi-Fi and webcam backhaul

OrkneysLand - ferry broadband

Milton Keynes M2M Sensor network (Smart City)North Yorkshire

Rural broadband

Chesham A/V distribution

Manchester + others

AberdeenLand - Shipping broadband

Watford

We have received 19 requests to set up a trial

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OxfordCommunity sensor network (flood detection) & TVWS communication testing

Manchester + othersSports venueA/V distribution

SheppertonDigital signage

WatfordCCTV content distribution &Digital Signage

LondonA/V distribution

LondonResearch & development

Isle of WightLand - private boat broadbandActive Finished Planned

OxfordTVWS Communications

LondonResearch & development

Licensee Trial location Trial service Database Providers Device

Click4Internet Isle of WightLand ↔ private boat

broadbandnone Neul/6Harmonics

Cloudnet Solutions Orkney Islands Land ↔ ferry broadband Fairspectrum Carlson Wireless Technologies

CYP (UK) Ltd Shepperton Digital signage Spectrum Bridge MELD Technology

Licensee Trial location Trial service Database Provi ders Device

Click4Internet Isle of Wight Land ↔ private boat broadband Neul/6Harmonics

Cloudnet Solutions Orkney Islands Land ↔ ferry broadband Fairspectrum Carlson Wireless Technologies

CYP (UK) Ltd Shepperton Digital signage Spectrum Bridge MELD Technology

Google / ZSL London Zoo LondonLive video feeds of animal enclosures

Google MediaTek/6Harmonics

9 of the trials are currently operational or alread y completed

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Google / ZSL London Zoo LondonLive video feeds of animal

enclosuresGoogle MediaTek/6Harmonics

King’s College London (as a collaboration

with the Joint Research Centre of the

European Commission, and Eurecom)

London Research & Development Fairspectrum / Spectrum Bridge

Carlson Wireless Technologies,

Sinecom/KTS Wireless, Eurecom,

NICT

Microsoft / Centre for White Space

Communications, University of

Strathclyde

GlasgowExternal Wi-Fi and webcam

backhaul Spectrum Bridge MediaTek/6Harmonics

National Institute of Information and

Communications Technology (NICT)London Research & Development NICT NICT

Nominet OxfordCommunity sensor network

(flood detection)Nominet Adaptrum ACRS 2.0

Peerless AV Watford Digital signage Spectrum Bridge MELD Technology

enclosures

King’s College London (as a collaboration with the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission, and Eurecom)

London Research & DevelopmentFairspectrum / Spectrum Bridge

Carlson Wireless Technologies, Sinecom/KTS Wireless, Eurecom, NICT

Microsoft / Centre for White Space Communications, University of Strathclyde

GlasgowExternal Wi-Fi and webcam backhaul

Spectrum Bridge MediaTek/6Harmonics

National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT)

London Research & Development NICT NICT

Nominet OxfordCommunity sensor network (flood detection)

Nominet Adaptrum ACRS 2.0

Peerless AV Watford Digital signage Spectrum Bridge MELD Technology

Response from the industry has also been very posit ive10 different device providers have expressed interest in participating and 8 databases have already qualified to operate

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6harmonics Inc.

• 5 sites across the University of

Glasgow white spaces trial

6harmonics Inc.

This trial is exploring how triple-band Wi-Fi can enhance internet coverage in indoor and outdoor urban locations and enable ‘smart city’ functionality, including linking webcams and other sensors

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• 5 sites across the University of Strathclyde campus, with a total of 8 WS devices

• 4 triple-band Wi-Fi devices • Devices are compliant with the

IEEE 802.11af standard• The trial will span the campus,

including links between buildings which have no line of sight University of Strathclyde

City Centre Campus

Orkney Islands trial

This trial is using white spaces to provide internet connectivity and communications to ferries travelling between the Orkney Islands and to land locations in the islands• 4 Base stations• 3 land based CPEs, 3 ship mounted CPEsCloudnet has achieved a 30 km link to a ship

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Oxford flood network

• the Oxford Flood Network is a

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citizen-built wireless sensor network which provides early flood warnings for the community.

• Love Hz and Nominet have set up a TVWS network with Adaptrum devices to monitor water levels real time.

• TVWS is used for backhaul to sensor gateway, and 433 MHz ISM for the link between sensor and gateway

• RaspberryPi & Arduino used for the gateway and the sensor

London Zoo live video streaming

• A TV white space network to stream live video of the Zoo’s meerkats, Asian otters and giant Galapagos tortoises to YouTube.

6harmonics Inc.

Galapagos tortoises to YouTube. • One base station and three

terminal stations using the 802.11af standard.

• ZSL will test the viability of the technology to monitor and protect endangered animals in the wild.

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TV WS TESTING

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Ofcom led tests

•Separate programme looking at the coexistence of WS devices with DTT receivers and PMSE equipment

•End-to-end interactions between devices, Ofcom and databases

Ofcom and stakeholders have carried out a substanti al amount of testing during the pilot

•Ofcom’s business processes for operating the framework

•Some tests on compliance of devices against the requirements of ETSI EN 301 598

Stakeholder tests

•Pilot participants have tried different technologies and the interoperability with databases

•The BBC and Arqiva have also undertaken extensive coexistence tests with DTT

•The EC Joint Research Centre has looked at the compliance of several device vendors with ETSI EN 301 598

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The Joint Research Centre has been a partner in one of the trials and tested several devices

Scope of Test bed• Radio-Frequency tests specified in

ETSI EN 301 598 • Reference test suites implemented in JRC’s

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• Reference test suites implemented in JRC’s Radio Spectrum Lab

Devices Under Test• Devices from 3 different commercial

manufacturers• Designed for US market, adapted to EU specs. • Base stations & CPE (Master & Slave)• Type A devices: fixed use

Power Spectral Density and transmitter unwanted emi ssions within the TV band• Emission class statement covers the full TV band and not only specific channels

“My device is class 1 in channel 21 !”• Spectrum analyser’s dynamic range is a key parameter when measuring unwanted

emissions in the presence of strong in-band signal.• The requirements are stringent:

JRC’s feedback on WSD tests

• The requirements are stringent:– ACLR 84 dB– Noise floor 12 dB below emission limits

Tx reverse intermodulation attenuation• Reverse intermodulation requirement seems easy to achieve, improvement can be

declared in Device Parameters

Transmitter unwanted emissions outside the TV band• Result of individual emission level depends on Sweep Time which needs to be

better defined: AUTO sweep time is instrument dependent.

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TV white spaces next steps

2015

Publish our TV white spaces statement in early 2015.

Continue to allow industry to test devices and services under pilot conditions.

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Continue discussions with database providers.

Complete the legal and practical work necessary to implement commercial access to TV white spaces.

We aim to have a licence exemption regime in place and databases qualified before the end of 2015.

SPECTRUM SHARING

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Overview of spectrum use in the UK

52%

25%

Public sector

Ofcom Managed proportion

LE proportion

Block assigned proportion

Space science

Not assigned spectrum

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18.7% 21%

12%

6% 6% 4%

1.8%

25%

2.2% 1.2%3.4%

8%

0.2%

20%

3%

Not assigned spectrum

2%

24% 22%

Notes:- 87.5MHz to 86GHz range, organised in bands according to the UK Frequency Allocation Table- Bands above 1 GHz weighted by 1/centre freq.- Public sector: bands managed by Government Departments (mostly Defence) and not Ofcom

Overview of sharing : market v public sector v spac e science

Market access: 75%Public sector access: 52%

Market &Public sector:

20.4%

Market only:40.1%

Public sector only:

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Space Science access:20%

Market &Public sector

& Space science: 8.5 %

Space science only:

2.6%

Market &Space

science only: 5.6%

Public sector &Space science

only:3.2%

only:19.5%

Of which 20.6% is shared by several

services

Notes:- Public sector: bands managed by Government Departments (mostly Defence)- Market: bands managed by Ofcom through licensing or licence exemption- Space science: bands used for research and science

More than one third of the spectrum licensed by Ofc om is shared

FL only: 15.8%

Mobile&wireless BB:

7.4%

Mobile & satellite: 1%

Fixed Links: 24%

Spectrum available per service:

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Satelliteonly:9.5%

FL&Sat: 8.2%

Amateurs only: 3%

PMSEonly: 2.5 %

B’cast: 6%

PMSE&Sat only: 2%

Amateurs&Sat only: 1%

Amateurs &PMSEonly: 2%

Maritimeonly: 3%

BR only: 1.5%

BR&Maritimeonly: 0.5%

Satellite: 22%

Mobile: 8%

PMSE: 12%

Amateur: 6%

Broadcasting: 6%

Business Radio: 2%

Maritime: 4%

Note:- Excludes sharing with public sector and with licence exemption

Observations

• Almost 60% of the spectrum is already shared

• The reuse factor is 1.85 , i.e. on average every spectrum band in shared by almost two users

• Greatest level of sharing is 4 access methods in a single band

• Sharing is more prevalent below 1 GHz than above

• But there is still 42% of spectrum where one service has exclusive access:

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– Public sector use (19.5%)

– Space science use (2.6%)

– Market uses:

• Mobile (6%)

• Fixed links (6%)

• Satellite (4%)

• Not assigned spectrum (2.8%)

• Licence exempt exclusive (0.7%)Space science

exclusive: 2.6%

Market exclusive:

19.5%

Public sector

exclusive:19.5%

So how do we share today….?

• Is licence exempt a form of sharing? – lots of applications use the same band.– Protocols have developed so people don’t interfere.

• Geographic sharing• Geographic sharing– Ofcom calculates co-existence between various services.

• PMSE – Time and Geographic sharing

• Light licencing– Co-ordination (Users and regulation)

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… and how will we share tomorrow?

2014

Our spectrum management strategy identifies

sharing as an area of increased focus

TV White Spaces is the initial realisation of dynamic spectrum sharing

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sharing as an area of increased focus

We will issue a call for inputs before the end of

the year to identify potential new opportunities

for sharing.

We are looking for stakeholder input in what bands are of interest, and what technologies will facilitate sharing

Thank you!

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Thank you!cesar.gutierrez@ofcom.org.uk

ANNEX – JRC TEST RESULTS

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Slave TVWSD20 dB 20 dB20 dB

Client

WSD control

Server

Test setup for conducted measurements

• Master / Slave communicate through

lossy transmission line

• Unit Under Test signal routed to

measurement instruments:

• Fast power sensor

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UUT

Master TVWSD

Slave TVWSD20 dB 20 dB20 dB

Power

Splitter

10 dB

10 dB

Variable

Attenuator

Spectrum Anayzer

• Fast power sensor

• Spectrum Analyzer

• Devices controlled by test TVWSDB

or a local interface

Spectrum analyser’s dynamic range is a key parameter when measuring unwanted emissions in the presence of strong in-band signal.Stringent requirements:• ACLR 84 dB• Noise floor 12 dB below emission limits

PSD and Transmitter unwanted emissions within the T V band

Measurement process:

• Spectrum acquired in 10 kHz RBW • Data processed to obtained the PSD in

100 kHz and calibrated using power sensor measurement

• Result displayed together with the 5 classes frequency masks

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classes frequency masks• Measurement at lowest, middle and

highest supported DTT channels• Determination of max. PSD and the

overall emission class

Emission class statement covers the full TV band and not only specific channels

“My device is class 1 in channel 21 !”

OoB emission above class1 & 2 limits

Transmitter unwanted emissions outside the TV band

1. Spurious emissions identified during a frequency scan

2. Individual emissions accurately measured and compared to the limits

1

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Observations:Result of individual emission level depends on Sweep Time which needs to be better defined: AUTO sweep time is instrument dependent.

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Transmitter Intermodulation

Example of RIM3 measurement:

Wanted emission Pib = +30 dBm

Unwanted emission Pu = -10 dBm

“The device shall have a reverse intermodulation attenuation (RIM3) greater than 45 dB.”

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Third orderIntermodulation PIM3 = -55 dBmproduct

ReserveIntermodulation RIM3 = 105 dBAttenuation(RIM3 = 2 Pib + Pu – PIM3)

Observations:Reverse intermodulation requirement seems easy to achieveImprovement can be declared in Device Parameters