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TV white spaces & spectrum sharingTV white spaces & spectrum sharing
Cesar Gutierrez, OfcomETSI RRS Workshop, 3 – 4 December 2014
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Content
• Section 1 – TV white spaces in the UK
• Section 2 – TV white spaces pilot
• Section 3 – Testing
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• Section 3 – Testing
• Section 4 – Spectrum sharing
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The TV White Spaces opportunity
PMSE
470 MHz 790 MHz
Business
Radio,
Emergency
Services
4G
Mobile
DTT(6 muxes)
What does the TV band occupancy look like at a random location in the UK?
2
Several channels available at EIRP levels that are usable and do not cause interference to DTT
470 MHz 790 MHz
Channel 60Channel 21
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TV white spaces – the drivers and the applications
• Rural broadband
• Wireless broadband
• Favourable propagation characteristics of radio waves in the UHF band, • Wireless broadband
hot-spots
• In-home broadband
• Professional A/V distribution
• Machine-to-machine communications
• Wireless backhaul
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waves in the UHF band,
• and their ability to penetrate deep inside buildings
• Large bandwidths available at some locations
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List of qualifying WSDBs
Details of PMSE
assignments
TVWS availability maps for
protection of DTT
Framework for access to TVWS in the UK
Interference management
tools
4
White spaceDatabase
Master device(licence exempt)
WSDBs
(Subject to Ofcom’scontractual arrangements)
Slave device(licence exempt)
TV band
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TV WHITE SPACES, UK PILOT
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TV white space pilot overview
Pilot objectives
• to explore the potential benefits and issues of the new technology
• to show if this model of spectrum sharing can be made to work
• to generate evidence on the coexistence issues between WSDs and DTT and PMSE
Pilot rules
• Triallists must get a licence from us to operate in the pilot
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• Triallists must get a licence from us to operate in the pilot
• Devices are required to comply with the requirements in ETSI EN 301 598 v 1.0.0
• Participating databases signed a contract with Ofcom, and had to go through an exhaustive process of qualification
Milestones
• 26 April 2013 Ofcom launched the idea of the pilot
• Ofcom and a first group of databases signed contract in December 2013
• First group of databases finished qualification in May 2014
• First trial went live in July 2014
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GlasgowExternal Wi-Fi and webcam backhaul
OrkneysLand - ferry broadband
Milton Keynes M2M Sensor network (Smart City)North Yorkshire
Rural broadband
Chesham A/V distribution
Manchester + others
AberdeenLand - Shipping broadband
Watford
We have received 19 requests to set up a trial
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OxfordCommunity sensor network (flood detection) & TVWS communication testing
Manchester + othersSports venueA/V distribution
SheppertonDigital signage
WatfordCCTV content distribution &Digital Signage
LondonA/V distribution
LondonResearch & development
Isle of WightLand - private boat broadbandActive Finished Planned
OxfordTVWS Communications
LondonResearch & development
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Licensee Trial location Trial service Database Providers Device
Click4Internet Isle of WightLand ↔ private boat
broadbandnone Neul/6Harmonics
Cloudnet Solutions Orkney Islands Land ↔ ferry broadband Fairspectrum Carlson Wireless Technologies
CYP (UK) Ltd Shepperton Digital signage Spectrum Bridge MELD Technology
Licensee Trial location Trial service Database Provi ders Device
Click4Internet Isle of Wight Land ↔ private boat broadband Neul/6Harmonics
Cloudnet Solutions Orkney Islands Land ↔ ferry broadband Fairspectrum Carlson Wireless Technologies
CYP (UK) Ltd Shepperton Digital signage Spectrum Bridge MELD Technology
Google / ZSL London Zoo LondonLive video feeds of animal enclosures
Google MediaTek/6Harmonics
9 of the trials are currently operational or alread y completed
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Google / ZSL London Zoo LondonLive video feeds of animal
enclosuresGoogle MediaTek/6Harmonics
King’s College London (as a collaboration
with the Joint Research Centre of the
European Commission, and Eurecom)
London Research & Development Fairspectrum / Spectrum Bridge
Carlson Wireless Technologies,
Sinecom/KTS Wireless, Eurecom,
NICT
Microsoft / Centre for White Space
Communications, University of
Strathclyde
GlasgowExternal Wi-Fi and webcam
backhaul Spectrum Bridge MediaTek/6Harmonics
National Institute of Information and
Communications Technology (NICT)London Research & Development NICT NICT
Nominet OxfordCommunity sensor network
(flood detection)Nominet Adaptrum ACRS 2.0
Peerless AV Watford Digital signage Spectrum Bridge MELD Technology
enclosures
King’s College London (as a collaboration with the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission, and Eurecom)
London Research & DevelopmentFairspectrum / Spectrum Bridge
Carlson Wireless Technologies, Sinecom/KTS Wireless, Eurecom, NICT
Microsoft / Centre for White Space Communications, University of Strathclyde
GlasgowExternal Wi-Fi and webcam backhaul
Spectrum Bridge MediaTek/6Harmonics
National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT)
London Research & Development NICT NICT
Nominet OxfordCommunity sensor network (flood detection)
Nominet Adaptrum ACRS 2.0
Peerless AV Watford Digital signage Spectrum Bridge MELD Technology
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Response from the industry has also been very posit ive10 different device providers have expressed interest in participating and 8 databases have already qualified to operate
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6harmonics Inc.
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• 5 sites across the University of
Glasgow white spaces trial
6harmonics Inc.
This trial is exploring how triple-band Wi-Fi can enhance internet coverage in indoor and outdoor urban locations and enable ‘smart city’ functionality, including linking webcams and other sensors
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• 5 sites across the University of Strathclyde campus, with a total of 8 WS devices
• 4 triple-band Wi-Fi devices • Devices are compliant with the
IEEE 802.11af standard• The trial will span the campus,
including links between buildings which have no line of sight University of Strathclyde
City Centre Campus
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Orkney Islands trial
This trial is using white spaces to provide internet connectivity and communications to ferries travelling between the Orkney Islands and to land locations in the islands• 4 Base stations• 3 land based CPEs, 3 ship mounted CPEsCloudnet has achieved a 30 km link to a ship
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Oxford flood network
• the Oxford Flood Network is a
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citizen-built wireless sensor network which provides early flood warnings for the community.
• Love Hz and Nominet have set up a TVWS network with Adaptrum devices to monitor water levels real time.
• TVWS is used for backhaul to sensor gateway, and 433 MHz ISM for the link between sensor and gateway
• RaspberryPi & Arduino used for the gateway and the sensor
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London Zoo live video streaming
• A TV white space network to stream live video of the Zoo’s meerkats, Asian otters and giant Galapagos tortoises to YouTube.
6harmonics Inc.
Galapagos tortoises to YouTube. • One base station and three
terminal stations using the 802.11af standard.
• ZSL will test the viability of the technology to monitor and protect endangered animals in the wild.
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TV WS TESTING
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Ofcom led tests
•Separate programme looking at the coexistence of WS devices with DTT receivers and PMSE equipment
•End-to-end interactions between devices, Ofcom and databases
Ofcom and stakeholders have carried out a substanti al amount of testing during the pilot
•Ofcom’s business processes for operating the framework
•Some tests on compliance of devices against the requirements of ETSI EN 301 598
Stakeholder tests
•Pilot participants have tried different technologies and the interoperability with databases
•The BBC and Arqiva have also undertaken extensive coexistence tests with DTT
•The EC Joint Research Centre has looked at the compliance of several device vendors with ETSI EN 301 598
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The Joint Research Centre has been a partner in one of the trials and tested several devices
Scope of Test bed• Radio-Frequency tests specified in
ETSI EN 301 598 • Reference test suites implemented in JRC’s
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• Reference test suites implemented in JRC’s Radio Spectrum Lab
Devices Under Test• Devices from 3 different commercial
manufacturers• Designed for US market, adapted to EU specs. • Base stations & CPE (Master & Slave)• Type A devices: fixed use
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Power Spectral Density and transmitter unwanted emi ssions within the TV band• Emission class statement covers the full TV band and not only specific channels
“My device is class 1 in channel 21 !”• Spectrum analyser’s dynamic range is a key parameter when measuring unwanted
emissions in the presence of strong in-band signal.• The requirements are stringent:
JRC’s feedback on WSD tests
• The requirements are stringent:– ACLR 84 dB– Noise floor 12 dB below emission limits
Tx reverse intermodulation attenuation• Reverse intermodulation requirement seems easy to achieve, improvement can be
declared in Device Parameters
Transmitter unwanted emissions outside the TV band• Result of individual emission level depends on Sweep Time which needs to be
better defined: AUTO sweep time is instrument dependent.
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TV white spaces next steps
2015
Publish our TV white spaces statement in early 2015.
Continue to allow industry to test devices and services under pilot conditions.
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Continue discussions with database providers.
Complete the legal and practical work necessary to implement commercial access to TV white spaces.
We aim to have a licence exemption regime in place and databases qualified before the end of 2015.
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SPECTRUM SHARING
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Overview of spectrum use in the UK
52%
25%
Public sector
Ofcom Managed proportion
LE proportion
Block assigned proportion
Space science
Not assigned spectrum
20
18.7% 21%
12%
6% 6% 4%
1.8%
25%
2.2% 1.2%3.4%
8%
0.2%
20%
3%
Not assigned spectrum
2%
24% 22%
Notes:- 87.5MHz to 86GHz range, organised in bands according to the UK Frequency Allocation Table- Bands above 1 GHz weighted by 1/centre freq.- Public sector: bands managed by Government Departments (mostly Defence) and not Ofcom
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Overview of sharing : market v public sector v spac e science
Market access: 75%Public sector access: 52%
Market &Public sector:
20.4%
Market only:40.1%
Public sector only:
21
Space Science access:20%
Market &Public sector
& Space science: 8.5 %
Space science only:
2.6%
Market &Space
science only: 5.6%
Public sector &Space science
only:3.2%
only:19.5%
Of which 20.6% is shared by several
services
Notes:- Public sector: bands managed by Government Departments (mostly Defence)- Market: bands managed by Ofcom through licensing or licence exemption- Space science: bands used for research and science
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More than one third of the spectrum licensed by Ofc om is shared
FL only: 15.8%
Mobile&wireless BB:
7.4%
Mobile & satellite: 1%
Fixed Links: 24%
Spectrum available per service:
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Satelliteonly:9.5%
FL&Sat: 8.2%
Amateurs only: 3%
PMSEonly: 2.5 %
B’cast: 6%
PMSE&Sat only: 2%
Amateurs&Sat only: 1%
Amateurs &PMSEonly: 2%
Maritimeonly: 3%
BR only: 1.5%
BR&Maritimeonly: 0.5%
Satellite: 22%
Mobile: 8%
PMSE: 12%
Amateur: 6%
Broadcasting: 6%
Business Radio: 2%
Maritime: 4%
Note:- Excludes sharing with public sector and with licence exemption
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Observations
• Almost 60% of the spectrum is already shared
• The reuse factor is 1.85 , i.e. on average every spectrum band in shared by almost two users
• Greatest level of sharing is 4 access methods in a single band
• Sharing is more prevalent below 1 GHz than above
• But there is still 42% of spectrum where one service has exclusive access:
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– Public sector use (19.5%)
– Space science use (2.6%)
– Market uses:
• Mobile (6%)
• Fixed links (6%)
• Satellite (4%)
• Not assigned spectrum (2.8%)
• Licence exempt exclusive (0.7%)Space science
exclusive: 2.6%
Market exclusive:
19.5%
Public sector
exclusive:19.5%
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So how do we share today….?
• Is licence exempt a form of sharing? – lots of applications use the same band.– Protocols have developed so people don’t interfere.
• Geographic sharing• Geographic sharing– Ofcom calculates co-existence between various services.
• PMSE – Time and Geographic sharing
• Light licencing– Co-ordination (Users and regulation)
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… and how will we share tomorrow?
2014
Our spectrum management strategy identifies
sharing as an area of increased focus
TV White Spaces is the initial realisation of dynamic spectrum sharing
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sharing as an area of increased focus
We will issue a call for inputs before the end of
the year to identify potential new opportunities
for sharing.
We are looking for stakeholder input in what bands are of interest, and what technologies will facilitate sharing
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ANNEX – JRC TEST RESULTS
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Slave TVWSD20 dB 20 dB20 dB
Client
WSD control
Server
Test setup for conducted measurements
• Master / Slave communicate through
lossy transmission line
• Unit Under Test signal routed to
measurement instruments:
• Fast power sensor
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UUT
Master TVWSD
Slave TVWSD20 dB 20 dB20 dB
Power
Splitter
10 dB
10 dB
Variable
Attenuator
Spectrum Anayzer
• Fast power sensor
• Spectrum Analyzer
• Devices controlled by test TVWSDB
or a local interface
Spectrum analyser’s dynamic range is a key parameter when measuring unwanted emissions in the presence of strong in-band signal.Stringent requirements:• ACLR 84 dB• Noise floor 12 dB below emission limits
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PSD and Transmitter unwanted emissions within the T V band
Measurement process:
• Spectrum acquired in 10 kHz RBW • Data processed to obtained the PSD in
100 kHz and calibrated using power sensor measurement
• Result displayed together with the 5 classes frequency masks
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classes frequency masks• Measurement at lowest, middle and
highest supported DTT channels• Determination of max. PSD and the
overall emission class
Emission class statement covers the full TV band and not only specific channels
“My device is class 1 in channel 21 !”
OoB emission above class1 & 2 limits
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Transmitter unwanted emissions outside the TV band
1. Spurious emissions identified during a frequency scan
2. Individual emissions accurately measured and compared to the limits
1
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Observations:Result of individual emission level depends on Sweep Time which needs to be better defined: AUTO sweep time is instrument dependent.
2
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Transmitter Intermodulation
Example of RIM3 measurement:
Wanted emission Pib = +30 dBm
Unwanted emission Pu = -10 dBm
“The device shall have a reverse intermodulation attenuation (RIM3) greater than 45 dB.”
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Third orderIntermodulation PIM3 = -55 dBmproduct
ReserveIntermodulation RIM3 = 105 dBAttenuation(RIM3 = 2 Pib + Pu – PIM3)
Observations:Reverse intermodulation requirement seems easy to achieveImprovement can be declared in Device Parameters