cestoda (platyheminthes) of the gulf of mexico
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Cestodes (tapeworms) are obligate, internal parasites. In general, as adults they inhabit the digestive system of their vertebrate hosts; few have been reported from other sites. The Eucestoda (true tapeworms) comprise 12 orders (Khalil, Jones, and Bray 1994, Caira, Mega, and Ruhnke 2005). Recognized separately are the Cestodaria, 2 orders of monozoic (unproglottized) tapeworms, the Gyrocoty-lidea and Amphilinidea. Within the Eucestoda, 4 orders are exclusively marine (Cathetocephalidea, Diphyllidea, Lecanicephalidea, and Tetrabothriidea), and 5 orders con-tain members inhabiting the marine environment (Cyclo-phyllidea, Pseudophyllidea, Spathebothriidea, Tetraphyl-lidea, and Trypanorhyncha). The remaining 3 orders, Caryophyllidea, Proteocephalidea (with few spurious records from the marine environment), and Nippotaeni-idea parasitize freshwater (and brackish water) teleosts. Collectively, over 5000 species of cestodes are recognized, of which approximately 1400 species inhabit the marine environment (see Caira and Reyda 2005). A diverse array of vertebrates serve as definitive hosts for the different euc-estode orders in the marine environment: Cathetocepha-lidea, Diphyllidea, Lecanicephalidea, Tetraphyllidea, and Trypanorhyncha exclusively parasitize elasmobranchs; Pseudophyllidea parasitize actinopterygians (ray- finned fishes), birds, and marine mammals; Tetrabothriidea par-asitize birds and marine mammals; Cyclophyllidea para-sitize birds; Spathebothriidea and Proteocephalidea para-sitize actinopterygians.
The body of a eucestode (true tapeworm) consists of the scolex (the holdfast organ used in attachment) and the
strobila (a chain of proglottids, or segments, each proglot-tid containing the reproductive organs). The vast major-ity of eucestodes are hermaphroditic (possessing at least one set of male and one set of female reproductive organs per proglottid); a few are dioecious. The Cestodaria, Nip-potaeniidea, and Caryophyllidea are unusual in that each possesses only a single set of male and female reproductive organs. The orders are distinguished from one another mainly based on their scolex morphology and basic dif-ferences in reproductive anatomy.
Generalizations about marine cestode life cycles are few. In general, marine cestodes have complex life cycles
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24Cestoda (Platyheminthes) of the Gulf of MexicoKirsten Jensen
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Cestoda. After Ransom 1909.
Jensen, K. 2009. Cestoda (Platyhelminthes) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 487–522 in Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M University Press, College Station, Texas.
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ing orders should be considered tentative at the species level, in some cases even at the genus level and above.
Marine animals serving as hosts (definitive, interme-diate, or paratenic) of marine cestodes were nicely sum-marized by Caira and Reyda (2005). Adult cestodes in the marine environment parasitize all classes of vertebrates. Intermediate hosts of marine cestode larvae may include vertebrates, primarily actinopterygians, but occasionally also marine mammals, and a diversity of invertebrates (bivalves, cephalopods, gastropods, scyphozoans, deca-pod crustaceans). Most of what is known about marine cestodes in the Gulf of Mexico comes from species studied in coastal waters; in contrast, our knowledge of cestodes, for example, from the benthic and pelagic marine envi-ronment is very limited.
Systematic History
In Fishery Bulletin 89, Chandler (1954) compiled the first and only comprehensive list of cestodes from the Gulf of Mexico. This list included adult and larval records of approximately 47 species representing 4 orders at that time. However, Proteocephalidea is now considered an order rather than a family of Tetraphyllidea, as is Catheto-cephalidea. Chandler’s (1954) list is restricted to records from elasmobranchs (as definitive hosts) and actinop-terygians (as definitive and intermediate or paratenic hosts). Chandler (1954) nicely summarized the history of Cestodology in the Gulf up to that time, giving trib-ute particularly to Linton’s extensive 1906–1908 work in the Dry Tortugas, Florida (see Linton 1907, 1908, 1909a, b), as well as to his own work (Chandler 1935a, b, 1942) and that of several other authors (Pérez Vigueras 1935, 1936, Potter 1937, Shuler 1938, Seamster 1950—as pers. comm.). Since then, many workers have contributed to our understanding of the cestode fauna of the Gulf of Mexico. For example, much work was done in Florida and Texas on the larval cestodes in molluscs (e.g., Wardle 1974, Cake 1976, 1977a). Hutton and his coworkers stud-ied the parasite fauna of coastal Florida (e.g., Hutton and Sogandares- Bernal 1960, Hutton 1964). A number of studies have focused on the parasites of penaeid shrimp, yielding many records of larval cestodes (e.g., Hutton et al. 1959, Kruse 1959, Ragan and Aldrich 1972, Sparks and Fontain 1973, Chávez- Sánchez et al. 2002, Vidal- Martínez et al. 2006), while others have focused their studies on adult cestodes of particular host groups such as elasmo-branchs (Thatcher 1961, Henson 1975) and teleosts (Arm-strong 1974, Overstreet 1977, Palm and Overstreet 2000).
involving at least 2 hosts. They are transmitted between hosts by way of the food chain. All parasitize a vertebrate as their definitive host. Life cycle data overall are fragmen-tary. Moreover, life cycle data for many marine cestodes are entirely lacking (Beveridge 2001). Only a few complete life cycles are known for marine taxa—for example, in the Cyclophyllidea, Pseudophyllidea, and Trypanorhyncha (see Palm 2004, Caira and Reyda 2005).
In general, the life cycle involves the adult tapeworm inhabiting the intestine of its definitive vertebrate host in which it reaches sexual maturity and produces eggs. Eggs are released from the adult worm and pass to the outside environment. Eggs contain the first larval stage (i.e., hexa-canth embryo or coracidium), which is ingested by the first intermediate host. The initial larval stage metamor-phoses into one or more stages collectively referred to as the metacestode. Several types of metacestodes are recog-nized (see Chervy 2002). Subsequent metacestode devel-opment takes place in one or more additional intermedi-ate hosts. Paratenic hosts—that is, hosts used to bridge gaps in the food chain—are included in the life cycle of many groups. The life cycle is completed when the final host containing the final larval stage is consumed by the definitive host. In the definitive host, the scolex of the metacestode develops fully, and the worm undergoes pro-glottization and matures into the adult tapeworm. Tax-onomy of eucestodes below the ordinal level is primarily based on adult scolex morphology. Identification of meta-cestodes is hampered by their lack of adult distinguishing features. Only cyclophyllidean and trypanorhynch meta-cestodes can be identified to species, because these larvae have already developed the diagnostic adult scolex fea-tures (i.e., rostellar hooks and tentacular armature, respec-tively). In contrast, identifications of larvae of all remain-
Cestoda. After Ransom 1909.
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spiral intestine of carcharhinid sharks. The relatively large larvae of P. caryophyllum, typically 6 cm in length (Over-street 1977), however, are highly visible in the muscula-ture of, among other species, the economically valuable spotted seatrout, Cynoscion nebulosus.
Diversity
At present, at least 93 species of cestodes have been recorded to occur in the Gulf of Mexico. The records of cestodes from the Gulf are organized in 3 lists: (1) a checklist of adult cestodes from actinopterygians, elasmo-branchs, and marine mammals (checklist 1); (2) a check-list of larval cestodes (checklist 2); and (3) a host- parasite list (checklist 3). A summary table presents the diversity of cestodes from the Gulf of Mexico by major host group (taxonomic summary). Overall, the majority of species recorded from the Gulf of Mexico are trypanorhynchs (42 spp.), followed by tetraphyllideans (32 spp.), pseudo-phyllideans (7 spp.), cathetocephalideans (3 spp.), cyclo-phyllideans, lecanicephalideans, proteocephalideans, and tetrabothriideans (2 spp. each), and diphyllideans (1 sp.). Interestingly, the relatively large species diversity of try-panorhynchs represents a combination of adult and larval records (primarily from elasmobranchs and actinoptery-gians), while the majority of the tetraphyllidean species (with the exception of Dioecotaenia cancellata, Pelichnibo-thrium speciosum, and Phyllobothrium delphini) are adult records only. However, the hosts of these cestodes rep-resent only a small proportion of the overall chondrich-thyan and actinopterygian diversity present in the Gulf. McEachran (this volume) lists 128 species of chondrich-thyans and 1409 species of actinopterygians. To date, ces-todes (as adults or larvae) have been reported from 27 of the 128 chondrichthyan species (21%) and only 80 of the 1408 actinopterygian species (<6%) (see the taxonomic summary).
The dominance of elasmobranch species as definitive hosts for marine cestodes, as supported by the marine ces-todes records assembled for the Gulf, is not an unusual pattern. In contrast, the intestinal fauna of actinoptery-gians is dominated by digenean species (see Overstreet et al. this volume). Over 5000 species of digeneans are known from marine and freshwater actinopterygians. Records of cestodes parasitizing actinopterygians as definitive hosts in the Gulf of Mexico are few (e.g., Anan-trum tortum in Synodus foetens, Proteocephalus austra-lis and P. elongatus in Lepisosteus osseus, Ptychobothrium belones in Strongylura notata and Tylosurus raphidoma).
More recent revisionary works at a diversity of taxonomic levels have significantly enhanced our understanding of the host distributions of certain cestode groups. These works have mainly treated genera of tetraphyllideans (see Goldstein 1964, Caira and Pritchard 1986, Caira 1992, Ruhnke 1996, Healy 2003, Caira, Richmond, and Swan-son 2005) and trypanorhynchs (see Beveridge and Camp-bell 1993, Campbell and Beveridge 1996), all of which included species from the Gulf of Mexico. A number of cestode genera that include species occurring in the Gulf have been described since Chandler’s (1954) list was published (e.g., Anantrum Overstreet, 1968, Dollfusiella Campbell and Beveridge, 1994, Heteronybelinia Palm, 1999, Paraorygmatobothrium Ruhnke, 1994, Pseudogril-lotia Dollfus, 1969, Zygorhynchus Beveridge and Camp-bell, 1988; Overstreet 1968, Dollfus 1969, Beveridge and Campbell 1988, Campbell and Beveridge 1994, Ruhnke 1994a, Palm 1999). The Trypanorhyncha (see, e.g., Over-street 1977, 1978a, Palm 1995, Palm and Overstreet 2000, Palm 2004), at present, are the best- studied group of ces-todes in the Gulf of Mexico.
Economic Importance
Summaries of the effects of marine cestodes on their ver-tebrate and invertebrate hosts can be found in, for ex-ample, Overstreet (1978b) and Caira and Reyda (2005). Suffice it here to reiterate that many of the hosts of lar-val and adult parasites are of at least potential economic importance. Overstreet (1978b), in his comprehensive treatment of diseases of invertebrate and vertebrate hosts in the northern Gulf of Mexico, nicely summarized the occurrence of cestodes. In particular, trypanorhynch larvae parasitizing white shrimp (Litopenaeus setiferus), pink shrimp (Farfantepenaeus duorarum), and brown shrimp (F. aztecus) have been studied in some detail. The main parasite responsible for these infections is Prochris-tianella hispida (syn. P. penaei; see Aldrich 1965, Ragan and Aldrich 1972, Overstreet 1978b, Mattis 1986, Vidal- Martínez et al. 2006).
A commonly encountered cestode group in economi-cally important fish is larval trypanorhynchs in the mus-culature primarily of sciaenids (Overstreet 1978a, b). A number of species responsible for giving the flesh of these fishes an unappetizing appearance have been identified; these include Pseudogrillotia pleistacantha, Pterobothrium lintoni, and P. heteracanthum (see Overstreet 1978a). The most prevalent, however, is Poecilancistrium caryophyl-lum. As adults, this trypanorhynch species parasitizes the
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bell, Haedrich, and Munroe (1980) predicted that the hel-minth fauna of mesopelagic hosts will be dominated by larval cestodes and nematodes. Moreover, he predicted that benthic actinopterygians harbor more abundant and diverse faunas of both adult and larval helminthes in gen-eral, as compared to deepwater pelagic species.
Adult cestodes of seabirds from the Gulf of Mexico were not treated in this list. However, two records of larval dilepidids (Cyclophyllidea; see checklist 2) were included: Ascodilepis transfuga, a parasite of the spoonbill, Platalea ajaja Linnaeus, as adults (Scholz 2001), from the Atlantic silverside (Menidia menidia), and Glossocercus cyprino-dontis from the sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon var-iegatus; see checklist 2). In fact, Scholz (2001: 928) con-sidered the metacestodes (cysticercoids) of dipelidid tapeworms parasitic in actinopterygians to “belong to the most neglected groups of fish parasites in the American continent.” This same sentiment was expressed by Hoberg (1996) for the Tetrabothriidea, the majority of which par-asitize seabirds as definitive hosts and actinopterygians as intermediate hosts. Hoberg (1996) emphasized the fact that especially the life cycles of cestodes parasitizing pelagic seabirds were practically unknown.
These aforementioned studies serve to highlight ave-nues of cestode research most likely to contribute greatly to our understanding of cestodes in the Gulf of Mexico.
Checklist Conventions
The overall goal of these lists was to compile records of cestodes for the Gulf of Mexico that reflect current sur-vey and taxonomic knowledge of the group. All records were taken from the literature; no specimens were exam-ined for the purpose of verification. While the major-ity of data provided in the cestode checklists (lists 1 and 2) consist of unaltered information as presented in the original records, cestode taxon names for some species have been updated to reflect the current taxonomy of the group. As a consequence, a number of species listed by Chandler (1954) are now recognized in other genera. In a few cases, species originally identified to species or genus are presented here only at the generic and ordinal level, respectively (see, e.g., Phoreiobothrium sp. and Tetraphyl-lidea [nonhooked] in list 1). In all of these cases, endnotes associated with the references were used to indicate the original designation in each record and to justify the des-ignation based on the current taxonomic knowledge of the group. These few subjective decisions are open for scrutiny. For the Trypanorhyncha, Palm (2004) and Palm
Over 1000 species of cathetocephalideans, diphyllideans, lecanicephalideans, tetraphyllideans, and trypanorhynchs are currently recognized. In this host system, digeneans parasitize sites other than the intestine (see, e.g., Caira and Healy 2004, Overstreet et al. this volume).
Despite a century of work, the cestodes of the Gulf of Mexico remain a relatively poorly studied group of organ-isms. While previous revisionary work has facilitated progress in some groups, additional revisionary work is needed, particularly of tetraphyllidean taxa. Problem-atic, for example, are the identities of records of Ech-eneibothrium Van Beneden, 1849, and Phyllobothrium Van Beneden, 1849, species from dasyatid stingrays, and the numerous records of Phoreiobothrium lasium from sphyrnid and carcharhinid sharks. In addition, it is clear that a rich diversity of elasmobranch tapeworms remains to be discovered in the Gulf of Mexico because tapeworm records exist for only 21% of the elasmobranchs known to occur in the Gulf. Many elasmobranch species, for ex-ample the majority of species of skates (Rajidae), lantern sharks (Etmopteridae), and cat sharks (Scyliorhinidae), have never been examined for tapeworms. Moreover, the tapeworm fauna of many other elasmobranch spe-cies has been studied from selected localities along their ranges, but records from the Gulf are few. For example, the cownose ray, Rhinoptera bonasus, which is common in the Gulf of Mexico, is known to host 13 species of ces-todes throughout its range (see Linton, 1891, 1897, 1901, Schmidt 1969, Campbell and Carvajal 1975, Carvajal and Campbell 1975, Williams and Campbell 1977, 1978, 1980, Mayes and Brooks 1981, Campbell and Williams 1984, Ivanov and Campbell 2000, Pam 2004) but only 4 species at best have been reported from the Gulf (see checklist 3). Detailed investigations of elasmobranchs would likely reveal new locality records for the Gulf of Mexico, as well as, given the oixenous specificity (i.e., strict host specific-ity) of Cathetocephalidea, Lecanicephalidea, and Tetra-phyllidea, and most Diphyllidea, a number of species new to science.
Even fewer actinopterygians are reported as definitive or intermediate hosts of cestodes in the Gulf of Mexico; less than 6% of actinopterygians occurring in the Gulf could be listed as hosts in checklist 3. Despite the relatively well- studied status of the Trypanorhyncha, understudied actinopterygians are likely to serve as intermediate hosts for a large diversity of trypanorhynchs. In addition, most records of cestodes are from the coastal regions of the Gulf of Mexico; mesopelagic, pelagic, and deepwater benthic actinopterygians are especially undersampled. Camp-
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ered are recognized. However, the field was left blank if site data was not provided.
For comparative purposes, the locality information provided in the original reference (e.g., northern Gulf of Mexico, west coast of Florida) was replaced with ne, nw, sw, and se quadrants with 25°N and 90°W as the boundar-ies, following Pequegnat and Pequegnat (1970). For spe-cies with more restricted locality records, sectors within the quadrants were used—e.g., “nnw” for “Galveston Bay, Texas” (see Dailey and Overstreet 1973); “ese” for “Dry Tortugas, Florida” (see Linton 1909a); “ssw, sse” for “Mexico” (see Nikolaeva and Paruhin 1968). Cestode spe-cies that were found to occur throughout the Gulf were reported as “entire;” in a few cases “[entire]” was used to indicate that no specific locality was given in the record.
References included are those of the original records and of literature directly related to the taxon in the Gulf of Mexico.
In total, the checklist of adult cestodes from actinop-terygians, elasmobranchs, and marine mammals (check-list 1) consists of records of 75 species representing 8 orders, in addition to records identified only to genus or above. The majority of cestodes species occurring in the Gulf parasitize elasmobranchs and actinopterygians as definitive host. Two records of species of Proteocepha-lus Weinland, 1858, from the gar, Lepisosteus osseus, were included, because this host is considered to inhabit the Gulf of Mexico. It should be pointed out, however, that the life cycle for these species, unlike that of seabird tape-worms (see the following), might not be entirely marine (see Caira and Reyda 2005).
Few records of adult cestodes exist from whales and dolphins (Tetrabothrius forsteri, Trigonocotyle sexitesticu-lae; see Forrester 1992). No records were found of cestodes from formerly present pinnipeds in the Gulf of Mexico. A single record of a cestode (as Anoplocephala sp.) from a manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) was published; however, this record was from southeastern Florida, not the Gulf of Mexico (see Beck and Forrester 1988, Forrester 1992).
Excluded from this list are records of cestodes from seabirds or from mammals other than cetaceans. Seabirds are parasitized by Cyclophyllidea and Tetrabothriidea. These species have marine life cycles utilizing mainly acti-nopterygians as intermediate hosts. The reader is referred to, for example, records of Parvitaenia ibisae Schmidt and Busch, 1972, and Tetrabothrius sp. from the Ameri-can white pelican, Pelecanus erythrorhynchus Gmelin, and the brown pelican, Pelecanus occidentalis Linnaeus, from
and Overstreet (2000) were used as primary sources, aug-mented by additional primary literature (Armstrong 1974, Chávez- Sánchez et al. 2002, Sánchez- Ramírez and Vidal- Martínez 2002, Vidal- Martínez, Jiménez- Cueto, and Simá- Álvarez 2002, Vidal- Martínez et al. 2006). Records of two trypanorhynchs, Parachristianella heteromegacan-tha and Hepatoxylon megacephalum listed by Palm and Overstreet (2000), while likely present in the Gulf, could not be confirmed and are not included in the lists. In the checklist of adult cestodes (list 1), subordinal categories are only recognized in the Trypanorhyncha; in the check-list of cestode larvae (list 2), subordinal categories are recognized in the Cyclophyllidea and Trypanorhyncha. Tetraphyllidea are not divided into families because mor-phological and molecular evidence has shown that the traditional Onchobothriidae (hooked tetraphyllideans) and Phyllobothriidae (nonhooked tetraphyllideans) may not be monophyletic (see, e.g., Caira, Jensen, and Healy 1999, 2001, Olson et al. 2001, Waeschenbach et al. 2007). Within orders and families (in the case of Trypanorhyn-cha), genera are listed alphabetically.
Owing to the fact that the larval lecanicephalideans and tetraphyllideans cannot be reliably identified to spe-cies, the majority of larval records are presented only at the generic or ordinal level. Metacestodes (plerocercoids and merocercoids—see Chervy 2002 for larval terminol-ogy) of tetraphyllideans, possessing an undifferentiated scolex bearing 4 suckers and an apical organ, which are commonly referred to in the literature as “Scolex pleu-ronectis” or “Scolex polymorphus,” were combined in “Tet-raphyllidea.” In each case, however, the endnotes associ-ated with the respective references reflect the name given to the larval form in the original record. For only one lar-val type (see Rhodobothium sp. in checklist 2), a larva with a highly unusual morphology (see Cake 1976, fig. 8), was the generic designation adjusted to reflect our current understanding of the taxon. Again, the original designa-tions are provided in the endnotes.
For each cestode taxon, host species and site in host is given. Host species in checklists 1 and 2 are presented as given in the original record, while host species names are updated to reflect current host taxonomy in checklist 3. In cases in which host designations could not be resolved with currently recognized synonymies, the host name is followed by “[sic]” (see Carcharhinus commersonii and C. platyodon in checklist 1).
The specific site the cestode occupied in the host is pre-sented as given in the original record, or slightly general-ized. Overall, 28 sites from which parasites were recov-
492 ~ Cestoda (Platyhelminthes)
were compiled to serve as a starting point for future ces-tode work in the Gulf of Mexico. Given the high number of elasmobranchs and actinopterygians from which no cestodes have been reported to date, the cestode diversity presented here is likely to dramatically underrepresent the true diversity of cestodes in the Gulf of Mexico.
Abbreviations
The following abbreviations were used in the checklists: ene = east- northeast; ese = east- southeast; ne = north-east; nne = north- northeast; nnw = north- northwest; nw = northwest; se = southeast; sse = south- southeast; ssw = south- southwest; sw = southwest; wnw = west- northwest; and wsw = west- southwest.
Abbreviation of sites from which parasites were recov-ered: acw = abdominal cavity wall; bcv = body cavity; bra = branchial region; brn = brain; con = connective tissue; cyd = cystic duct; did = digestive diverticula; dig = diges-tive gland; gbd = gall bladder; gil = gills; hpp = hepatopan-creas; int = intestine; inw = intestinal wall; lei = muscular fold of valve of Leiblein; liv = liver; man = mantle cav-ity; meg = mesoglea; mes = mesenteries; mus = muscula-ture; nev = nervous system; pca = pericardial region; pcc = pyloric caeca; rec = rectum; rew = wall of rectum; spi = spiral intestine; sto = stomach; stw = stomach wall; vis = viscera.
Acknowledgments
A number of people were of tremendous help during the process of assembling this list. I thank Dr. Robin Over-street (Gulf Coast Research Laboratory, University of Southern Mississippi), coordinator of the platyhelminth chapters in this volume, for providing earlier versions of his manuscript as a template. Dr. Stephen (Ash) Bullard (Gulf Coast Research Laboratory, University of Southern Mississippi) shared his extensive knowledge about Gulf helminthes in numerous discussions. I thank Dr. Tim Ruhnke (West Virginia State College) and Dr. Roman Kuchta for their taxonomic input on selected tetraphyl-lidean and pseudophyllidean taxa, respectively. Dr. Harry Palm generously allowed access to his extensive resources on Trypanorhyncha, without which this checklist could not have been completed in a timely fashion. Dr. Janine Caira is gratefully acknowledged for numerous discus-sions about taxonomic issues relating to cestodes in the Gulf of Mexico, as well as for commenting on an earlier
Texas (Dronen, Blend, and Anderson 2003); Parvitaenia heardi Schmidt and Courtney, 1972, from the reddish egret, Egretta rufescens (Gmelin) from Texas and Florida (Conti, Forrester, and Paul 1986); Paradilepis caballeroi Rysavy and Macko, 1971, from the double- crested cor-morant, Phalacrocorax auritus (Lesson) from Matagorda County, Texas (Fedynich, Pence, and Bergan 1997); and Cloacotaenia megalops (Nitzsch, 1829) from wintering waterfowl from Texas (Haukos and Neaville 2003).
The checklist of larval cestodes (checklist 2) consists of a total of 44 species of cestodes representing 6 orders, in addition to records identified to genus only or above. Host groups represented in this list are mainly actinop-terygians, decapod crustaceans, bivalves, and gastropods. In addition, several individual records from scyphozo-ans, a cephalopod, and a marine mammal are provided. These records are of plerocercoids, plerocerci, and mero-cercoids; not included in this list are records of trypan-orhynch procercoids (i.e., first larval stage). This larval stage has been reported from copepod first intermediate hosts (see Palm 2004).
A host- parasite list is presented in checklist 3. Every attempt was made to use valid names for all host taxa. Classification and nomenclature of the respective groups was based on the following references: decapod crusta-ceans (McLaughlin et al. 2005), actinopterygians, and chondrichthyans (Nelson 2006, McEachran this volume), scyphozoans (Cairns et al. 2002), bivalves (Turgeon et al. this volume), cephalopods (Turgeon et al. 1998), and gastropods (Rosenberg et al. this volume). Taxa in the host- parasite list are arranged phylogenetically above the familial level; families in orders, genera in families, and species in genera are arranged alphabetically. Particular caution should be exercised with respect to records of ces-todes from species of the stingray genus Dasyatis. Field identifications are often suspect, and the use of common names leads to much confusion. For example, Linton (1908) reported Rhinebothrium flexile from the “southern sting- ray (Dasyatis say)”. However, Nelson et al. (2004) list “southern stingray” as the common name of D. ameri-cana, and “bluntnose stingray” as the common name for D. say. Moreover, while Chandler (1954) lists D. sabina as host for a number of species, a review of the original lit-erature lists D. say as host for a diversity of species (e.g., Acanthobothrium brevissime, Pterobothrium heteracan-thum as Synbothrium filicolle, Trimacracantha biuncus as Rhynchobothrium binuncum in Linton (1909a)).
The lists and the information presented in this chapter
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beardless codling Gadella imberbis (Vaillant) (Moridae) in the southwestern Gulf of Mexico, with a review of species of Bothriocephalus Rudolphi, 1808 reported from gadiform fishes. Systematic Parasitology 54: 33–42.
12. Boertje, S. B. 1976. Incidence and significance of plerocercoid infections of Cynoscion nebulosus in relationship to Felis domestica L. Proceedings of the Louisiana Academy of Sciences 39: 23–27.
13. Borucinska, J., and J. N. Caira. 1993. A comparison of mode of attachment and histopathogenicity in four tapeworm species representing two orders infecting the spiral intestine of the nurse shark, Ginglymostoma cirratum. Journal of Parasitology 79: 238–246.
14. Burton, R. W. 1963. Report on a cestode microparasite of the oyster, Crassostrea virginica, in Florida. Shellfish Mortality Conference. Oxford, Maryland, Jan. 29–30: 6 pp.
15. Bush, A. O., R. W. Heard, and R. M. Overstreet. 1993. Intermediate hosts as source communities. Canadian Journal of Zoology 71: 1358–1363.
16. Caira, J. N. 1992. Verification of multiple species of Pedibothrium in the Atlantic nurse shark with comments on the Australasian members of the genus. Journal of Parasitology 78: 289–308.
17. Caira, J. N., and M. M. Gavarrino. 1990. Grillotia similis (Linton, 1908) comb. n. (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha) from nurse sharks in the Florida Keys. Journal of the Helminth-ological Society of Washington 57: 15–20.
18. Caira, J. N., and C. J. Healy. 2004. Elasmobranchs as hosts of metazoan parasites. Pp. 523–551 in J. C. Carrier, J. A. Musick, and M. R. Heithaus, eds. Biology of Sharks and Their Relatives. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida.
19. Caira, J. N., C. J. Healy, and J. Swanson. 1996. A new species of Phoreiobothrium (Cestoidea: Tetraphyllidea) from the great hammerhead shark Sphyrna mokarran and its implications for the evolution of the onchobothriid scolex. Journal of Parasitolgy 82: 458–462.
20. Caira, J. N., K. Jensen, and C. J. Healy. 1999. On the phylogenetic relationships among tetraphyllidean, lecanicephalidean and diphyllidean tapeworm genera. Systematic Parasitology 42: 77–151.
21. Caira, J. N., K. Jensen, and C. J. Healy. 2001. Interrelation-ships among tetraphyllidean and lecanicephalidean cestodes. Pp. 135–158 in D. T. J. Littlewood and R. A. Bray, eds. Interrelationships of the Platyhelminthes. Taylor & Francis, London.
22. Caira, J. N., J. Mega, and T. R. Ruhnke. 2005. An unusual blood sequestering tapeworm (Sanguilevator yearsleyi n.
version of this list. Work on the cestodes of the Gulf of Mexico was funded by a Kansas NSF EPCoR First Award (2005–2006).
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122. Pérez Vigueras, I. 1936. Notas sobre la fauna parasitolog-ica de Cuba. Memorias de la Sociedad Cubana de Historia Natural 10: 53–86.
123. Phillips, P. J., and N. L. Levin. 1973. Cestode larvae from Scyphomedusae of the Gulf of Mexico. Bulletin of Marine Science 23: 574–584.
124. Potter, C. C. 1937. A new cestode from a shark (Hypo-prion brevirostis Poey). Proceedings of the Helmintholog-ical Society of Washington 4: 70–72.
125. Quick, J. A. Jr. 1971. Pathological and parasitological effects of elevated temperatures on the oyster Crassostrea viginica with emphasis on the pathogen Labyrinthomyxa marina. Pp. 105–171 in J. A. Quick Jr., ed. A Preliminary Investigation: The Effects of Elevated Temperature on the American Oyster, Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin); A Symposium. Florida Department of Natural Resources Marine Research Laboratory, Professional Papers Series No. 15.
126. Ragan, J. G., and D. V. Aldrich. 1972. Infection of brown shrimp, Penaeus aztecus Ives by Prochristianella penaei Kruse (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha) in southeastern Louisiana bays. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 2: 226–238.
127. Rees, G. 1969. Cestodes from Bermuda fishes and an account of Acompsocephalum tortum (Linton, 1905) gen. nov. from the lizard fish Synodus intermedius (Agassiz). Parasitology 59: 519–548.
128. Regan, J. D. 1963. A cestode plerocercoid from the crowned conch. Quarterly Journal of the Florida Academy of Sciences 26: 184–187.
129. Ruhnke, T. R. 1994a. Paraorygmatobothrium barberi n. g., n. sp. (Cestoda: Tetraphyllidea), with amended descrip-tions of two species transferred to the genus. Systematic Parasitology 28: 65–79.
130. Ruhnke, T. R. 1994b. Resurrection of Anthocephalum Linton, 1890 (Cestoda: Tetraphyllidea) and taxonomic information on five proposed members. Systematic Parasitology 29: 159–176.
131. Ruhnke, T. R. 1996. Taxonomic resolution of Phylloboth-rium van Beneden (Cestoda: Tetraphyllidea) and a
Jensen ~ 499
147. Wardle, W. J. 1974. A survey of the occurrence, distribu-tion and incidence of infection of helminth parasites of marine and estuarine Mollusca from Galveston, Texas [PhD dissertation]. Texas A&M University, College Station.
148. Williams, A. D., and R. A. Campbell. 1977. A new tetraphyllidean cestode, Glyphobothrium zwerneri gen. et sp. n., from the cownose ray, Rhinoptera bonasus (Mitchill 1815). Journal of Parasitolgy 63: 775–779.
149. Williams, A. D., and R. A. Campbell. 1978. Dupliciboth-rium minutum gen. et sp. n. (Cestoda: Tetraphyllidea) from the cownose ray, Rhinoptera bonasus (Mitchill 1815). Journal of Parasitology 64: 835–837.
150. Williams, A. D., and R. A. Campbell. 1980. Echinoboth-rium bonasum sp. n., a new cestode from the cownose ray in the western north Atlantic. Journal of Parasitology 66: 1036–1038.
151. Zam, S. G., D. K. Caldwell, and M. C. Cadlwell. 1971. Some endoparasites from small odontocete cetaceans collected in Florida and Georgia. Cetology 2: 1–11.
143. Vidal- Martínez, V. M., M. L. Aguirre- Macedo, R. Del Rio- Rodríguez, G. Gold- Bouchot, J. Rendón- von Osten, and G. A. Miranda- Rosas. 2006. The pink shrimp Farfantepe-naeus duorarum, its symbionts and helminths as bioindicators of chemical pollution in Campeche Sound, Mexico. Journal of Helminthology 80: 159–174.
144. Vidal- Martínez, V. M., A. M. Jiménez- Cueto, and R. Simá- Álvarez. 2002. Parasites and symbionts of native and cultured shrimps from Yucatán, Mexico. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 14: 57–64.
145. Waeschenbach, A., B. L. Webster, R. A. Bray, and D. T. J. Littlewood. 2007. Added resolution among ordinal level relationships of tapeworms (Platyhelminthes: Cestoda) with complete small and large subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA genes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 45: 311–325.
146. Ward, J. W. 1962. Helminth parasites of some marine animals, with special reference to those from the yellow- fin tuna, Thunnus albacares (Bonnaterre). Journal of Parasitology 48: 155.
Submitted: September 2007Accepted: October 2007
500 ~ Cestoda (Platyhelminthes)
Number of cestodes from the Gulf of Mexico and their hosts.
Potential host group
Number of potential host species (as listed in other chapters)
Number of species reported as hosts
Number of cestode species reported in 2007
Number of cestode species reported by Chandler (1954)
Chondrichthyes 1 128 27 65 37Actinopterygii 2 1409 128 41 13Marine mammals 3 31 4 4 0Bivalvia 4 528 45 9 N / A5
Gastropoda 1742 18 6 N / A5
Octopoda 4 22 1 16 N / A5
Decapod crustaceans4 1008 19 6 N / A5
Scyphozoa 4 19 2 16 N / A5
Total 4887 244 93 7 47 7
1 As definitive host; the exception is a single record of Narcine bancroftii hosting a trypanorhynch larva (Pterobothrium heteracanthum; see Palm 2004).2 As definitive, intermediate, or paratenic host.3 As definitive or intermediate host.4 As intermediate host.5 Chandler (1954) did not include larval cestodes from invertebrates in this list.6 Identified to order only.7 The total number of species is not cumulative because, in some cases, the same species was reported from a chondrichthyan as an adult and from an actinop-terygian as a larva.
Checklist 1. Adult cestodes from actinopterygians, elasmobranchs, and marine mammals from the Gulf of Mexico.
Taxon
Host
Site in host
GMx range
References / Endnotes
Phylum: PlatyhelminthesClass: CestodaOrder: Cathetocephalidea
Cathetocephalus thatcheri Dailey & Overstreet, 1973
Carcharhinus leucas spi nnw 51, 112
Disculiceps pileatum (Linton, 1891) Carcharhinus platyodon [sic], Carcharhinus limbatus
spi ese, nne 41, 92, 139
Pillersium owenium Southwell, 1927 Carcharhinus limbatus, Carcharhinus leucas spi nne, nnw 51 1, 77 2, 139 3
Order: DiphyllideaEchinobothrium sp. Rhinoptera bonasus spi nne 142 4
Order: LecanicephalideaPolypocephalus sp. Dasyatis americana spi ene, ese 20Tylocephalum marsupium Linton, 1916 Aetobatus narinari spi ese 36, 41 5, 93 6, 94
Order: ProteocephalideaProteocephalus australis Chandler, 1935 Lepisosteus osseus int nnw 38, 41Proteocephalus elongatus Chandler, 1935 Lepisosteus osseus int nnw 38, 41
Order: PseudophyllideaAnantrum tortum Overstreet, 1968 Synodus foetens int ene 107 7, 109, 112Bothriocephalus gadellus Blend & Dronen,
2003Gadella imberbis int sw 11
Bothriocephalus manubrius (Linton, 1889) Istiophorus albicans ne 82Bothriocephalus sp. Strongylura ramphidoma sse, sw 105
Jensen ~ 501
Checklist 1. Adult cestodes from actinopterygians, elasmobranchs, and marine mammals. (continued)
(continued)
Taxon
Host
Site in host
GMx range
References / Endnotes
Clestobothrium crassiceps (Rudolphi, 1819) Chlorophthalmus truculentus, Merluccius bilinearis, Merluccius sp.
ese 41, 137
Clestobothrium gibsoni Dronen & Blend, 2005
Bathygadus macrops int ne 55
Diphyllobothrium stemmacephalum Cobbot, 1859
Tursiops truncatus ne 146
Ptychobothrium belones (Dujardin, 1845) Strongylura notata, Tylosurus raphidoma int ese 41, 127 8, 137Order: Tetrabothriidea
Tetrabothrius forsteri (Krefft, 1871) Feresa attenuata, Steno bredanensis int ne 62, 63, 64Trigonocotyle sexitesticulae Hoberg, 1990 Feresa attenuata int nw 48 9, 62, 79
Order: TetraphyllideaAcanthobothrium brevissime Linton, 1909 Dasyatis sabina, Dasyatis say spi ese, ne,
nw41 10, 68, 69, 70,
77, 92, 112Acanthobothrium floridensis Goldstein, 1964 Raja eglanteria spi ne 68, 69Acanthobothrium fogeli Goldstein, 1964 Gymnura micrura spi ne 68, 69Acanthobothrium lintoni Goldstein, Henson,
& Schlicht, 1968Narcine brasiliensis spi nw, ne 71, 77
Acanthobothrium paulum Linton, 1890 Dasyatis americana spi ne, nw 112Acanthobothrium tortum (Linton, 1916) Aetobatus narinari spi ese 41 11, 69, 93 12,
94 13
Acanthobothrium sp. Dasyatis sabina spi nw 41 14
Anthobothrium laciniatum Linton, 1890 Carcharhinus platyodon [sic], Negaprion brevirostris
spi ese 41 15, 92, 127, 137
Anthobothrium sp. Carcharhinus leucas, Carcharhinus limbatus, Sphyrna lewini, Sphyrna tiburo
spi nw 77 16
Anthocephalum alicae Ruhnke, 1994 Dasyatis americana spi ene, ese 108 17, 130Anthocephalum centrurum (Southwell,
1925)Dasyatis say spi ese 41 18, 92 19
Anthocephalum cairae Ruhnke, 1994 Dasyatis americana spi ene, ese 130Crossobothrium angustum (Linton, 1889) Carcharhinus lamia [sic], Carcharhinus
commersonii [sic]spi ese 41 20, 92 21, 95 22,
127Dioecotaenia cancellata (Linton, 1890) Rhinoptera bonasus spi nw 77 23
Duplicibothrium minutum Williams & Campbell, 1978
Rhinoptera bonasus spi nne 108 24
Echeneibothrium sp. Dasyatis sabina spi nw 77Paraorygmatobothrium roberti Ruhnke &
Thompson, 2006Negaprion brevirostris spi ese 132
Pedibothrium brevispine Linton, 1909 Ginglymostoma cirratum spi ene, ese 13, 16, 23, 41, 92, 137
Pedibothrium globicephalum Linton, 1909 Ginglymostoma cirratum spi ene, ese 13, 16, 23, 41, 92Pedibothrium longispine Linton, 1909 Ginglymostoma cirratum spi ene, ese 16, 23, 41, 92, 137Pedibothrium manteri Caira, 1992 Ginglymostoma cirratum spi ene, ese 16, 23 25 Phoreiobothrium anticaporum Caira,
Richmond, & Swanson, 2005Negaprion brevirostris spi ese 25, 137 26
Phoreiobothrium manirei Caira, Healy, & Swanson, 1996
Sphyrna mokarran spi ene, ese 19
Phoreiobothrium tiburonis Cheung, Nigrelli, & Ruggieri, 1982
Sphyrna tiburo spi ese 25, 44
Phoreiobothrium sp. Alopias vulpinus, Carcharhinus lamia [sic], Carcharhinus leucas, Carcharhinus limbatus, Carcharhinus platyodon [sic], Negaprion brevirostris, Sphyrna mokarran
spi ese, ne, nw
20 27, 41 28, 77 29, 92 30, 107 31, 108 32
502 ~ Cestoda (Platyhelminthes)
Checklist 1. Adult cestodes from actinopterygians, elasmobranchs, and marine mammals. (continued)
Taxon
Host
Site in host
GMx range
References / Endnotes
Platybothrium coshtaprum Healy, 2003 Carcharhinus plumbeus spi ne 75Platybothrium hypoprioni Potter, 1937 Negaprion brevirostris spi ene, ese 41, 75, 124, 127Platybothrium sp. Rhizoprionodon terraenovae spi ese 137 33
Rhabdotobothrium anterophallum Campbell, 1975
Mobula hypostoma spi nne 107 34
Rhinebothrium corymbum Campbell, 1975 Dasyatis americana spi 21, 112Rhinebothrium flexile Linton, 1890 Dasyatis sabina, Dasyatis say spi nw 41 35, 77 36, 92Rhinebothrium maccallumi Linton, 1924 Dasyatis americana spi nne 106 37, 107 38, 112Rhinebothrium spinicephalum Campbell,
1970Dasyatis americana spi 21
Rhinebothrium sp. Dasyatis americana, Dasyatis say spi ese, nne, nw
29, 92, 96, 108 39
Scalithrium minimum (Van Beneden, 1850) Dasyatis sabina spi nw 41 40
Spongiobothrium variabile Linton, 1889 Dasyatis say spi ese 41 41, 92Thysanocephalum thysanocephalum (Linton,
1889)Galeocerdo cuvier spi ese, ne 40 42, 41 43, 92 44
Tetraphyllidea (hooked) Carcharhinus leucas, Dasyatis sabina spi nw 77 45
Tetraphyllidea (nonhooked) Carcharhinus platyodon [sic], Dasyatis sabina, Dasyatis say, Negaprion brevirostris, Isurus oxyrhynchus, Rhinoptera bonasus, Rhizoprionodon terraenovae
spi ese, nw 41 46, 77 47, 92 48, 112 49, 137 50
Order: TrypanorhynchaSuperfamily: TentacularioideaFamily: Tentaculariidae
Heteronybelinia estigmena (Dollfus, 1960) Carcharhinus leucas, Carcharhinus limbatus sto ene, nne 115 51, 117, 118 52, 119
Heteronybelinia overstreeti Palm, 2004 Carcharhinus limbatus ene 117Heteronybelinia palliata (Linton, 1924) Sphyrna zygaena entire 40 53, 119Nybelinia cf. bisulcata (Linton, 1889) Carcharhinus limbatus spi ne 117, 119Nybelinia lingualis (Cuvier, 1817) Carcharhinus leucas, Carcharhinus limbatus spi ene, nw 77, 117, 119
Superfamily: LacistorhynchoideaFamily: Pterobothriidae
Pterobothrium heteracanthum Diesing, 1850 Dasyatis say spi ese 33, 41, 92 54, 117Pterobothrium lintoni (MacCallum, 1916) Dasyatis americana, Dasyatis sabina spi [entire],
nne33, 110, 117
Family: LacistorhynchidaeCallitetrarhynchus gracilis Pintner, 1931 Carcharhinus leucas, Carcharhinus limbatus,
Rhizoprionodon terraenovae, Sphyrna lewini
spi ne, nw 115, 117, 119
Callitetrarhynchus speciosus (Linton, 1897) Negaprion brevirostris spi ese 41 55, 117, 137 56
Dasyrhynchus giganteus (Diesing, 1850) Carcharhinus leucas, Negaprion brevirostris spi ese, ene, nw
10, 41 57, 54, 77 58, 117, 137 59
Grillotia sp. Ginglymostoma cirratum spi ene 82, 117Grillotiella exile (Linton, 1909) Galeocerdo cuvier spi ese 41, 92 60, 117Paragrillotia similis (Linton, 1909) Ginglymostoma cirratum spi ene, ese 13, 17 61, 22 62,
41 63, 54 64, 92 65, 117, 119 66, 137 67
Pseudogillotia perelica (Shuler, 1938) Carcharhinus limbatus, Negaprion brevirostris
spi ese, ne, nw
1 68, 117, 119 69, 127, 137 70
Pseudolacistorhynchus noodti Palm, 1995 Ginglymostoma cirratum spi ese 92 71, 115, 117
Jensen ~ 503
Checklist 1. Adult cestodes from actinopterygians, elasmobranchs, and marine mammals. (continued)
(continued)
Taxon
Host
Site in host
GMx range
References / Endnotes
Superfamily: OtobothrioideaFamily: Otobothriidae
Diplootobothrium springeri Chandler, 1942 Sphyrna lewini, Sphyrna tudes ne 40, 41, 110, 117Otobothrium cysticum (Mayer, 1842) Galeocerdo cuvier, Rhizoprionodon
terraenovae, Carcharhinus platyodon [sic]spi ese, nne 41 72, 92 73, 115,
117Otobothrium insigne Linton, 1905 Carcharhinus leucas, Carcharhinus limbatus,
Carcharias platyodon [sic]spi ne, nw 40 74, 115, 117,
119Otobothrium penetrans Linton, 1907 Carcharhinus commersonii [sic],
Carcharhinus lamia [sic], Carcharhinus limbatus, Rhizoprionodon terraenovae
sto, spi ese 41, 53, 78, 92, 95, 117, 137
Poecilancistrium caryophyllum (Diesing, 1850)
Carcharhinus leucas, Carcharhinus limbatus, Negaprion brevirostris
sto, spi ne, nw 66, 67, 96, 115, 117, 139 75
Superfamily: EutetrarhynchoideaFamily: Eutetrarhynchidae
Dollfusiella lineatus (Linton, 1909) Ginglymostoma cirratum spi ene, ese 82 76, 92 77, 117, 119 78, 137 79
Dollfusiella tenuispinis (Linton, 1890) Dasyatis sabina, Ginglymostoma cirratum spi entire 13, 41 80, 77, 92 81, 117, 119 82
Parachristianella monomegacantha Kruse, 1959
Dasyatis sabina spi nne 117
Prochristianella hispida (Linton, 1890) Dasyatis americana, Dasyatis sabina, Dasyatis say
spi ne, nw 1, 34, 77 83, 96, 112, 117
Prochristianella sp. Dasyatis say spi 92 84, 117Trimacracantha binuncus (Linton, 1909) Dasyatis say spi ese 41 85, 92 86, 117Zygorhynchus ginglymostomati Palm, 2004 Ginglymostoma cirratum spi ese 92 87, 117unidentified Eutetrachynchidae Carcharhinus leucas, Ginglymostoma
cirratumspi ese, nw 6, 92 88, 117
unidentified Trypanorhyncha Sphyrna tiburo nw 77, 117
1 Dailey and Overstreet (1973) considered Pillersium owenium to be closely related to Cathetocephalus thatcheri.2 Pillersium, with P. owenium as type and only species, described from Urogymnus asperrimus from the Indian Ocean, was considered a genus incertae sedis by Euzet (1994); this record from Carcharhinus leucas is dubious and requires verification.3 Pillersium, with P. owenium as type and only species, described from Urogymnus asperrimus from the Indian Ocean, was considered a genus incertae sedis by Euzet (1994); this record from Carcharhinus limbatus is dubious and requires verification.4 Tyler (2006) considered specimens collected from Rhinoptera bonasus off Mississippi to be “not entirely consistent” (pg. 43) with E. bonasus.5 As Hexacanalis marsupium (see Campbell and Williams 1984).6 Linton (1909b) reported finding two specimens of Tylocephalum in a “spotted stingray” (pg. 126), specimens he later described as Tylocephalum marsupium (see Linton 1916).7 GenBank Nos. AF286992 and AF286941.8 Rees (1969) also reported a specimen of this species (from Alblennes hians from Bermuda) but she considered it to be a postlarva.9 As Trigonocotyle sp. (see Hoberg 1990).10 Chandler (1954), citing Linton, listed Dasyatis sabina as host, but Linton (1909a) described this species from Dasyatis say.11 Chandler (1954) considered Onchobothrium tortum to be a synonym of Acanthobothrium coronatum and did not recognize that Linton’s (1916) description of Onchobothrium tortum was based on Linton’s earlier specimens reported as Onchobothrium sp. (Linton 1909a) and thus listed separate records for Acantho-bothrium coronatum and Onchobothrium sp.12 Linton (1909b: 126) reported finding specimens of Onchobothrium in a “spotted stingray,” specimens he later described as Acanthobothrium tortum (see Lin-ton 1916).13 As Onchobothrium tortum (see Baer and Euzet 1962).14 Seamster was cited as a personal communication for this record.15 Chandler (1954: 352) listed “Carcharinus [sic] leucas, cub shark” as a host for Anthobothrium laciniatum but referred to the “cub- shark [Carcharhinus platyo-don]” in Linton (1909a: 167).
504 ~ Cestoda (Platyhelminthes)
Checklist 1. Adult cestodes from actinopterygians, elasmobranchs, and marine mammals. (continued)
16 Henson (1975) recognized three species of Anthobothrium (sp. 2–4) from the carcharhiniform sharks Sphyrna lewini (as Sphyrna diplana), S. tiburo, Carchar-hinus leucas, and C. limbatus; these reports require verification.17 GenBank No. AF126091- 92.18 Chandler (1954) listed Dasyatis sabina as host for Anthocephalum centrurum (as Phyllobothrium centrurum), but Linton (1909a) reported this species from Dasyatis say.19 As Anthocephalum gracile (see Ruhnke 1994b).20 Chandler (1954: 351), citing Linton, listed “Carcharinus [sic] leucas, cub shark” as host for Crossobothrium angustum (as Phyllobothrium mustelis), while Lin-ton (1909a: 164) reported this cestode from “a cub- shark (Carcharhinus lamia).”21 As Orygmatobothrium angustum (see Euzet 1959).22 Linton (1924) reported this species from eight shark species but provided a locality (i.e., Tortugas, Florida) for only one of these (i.e., Carcharhinus commer-sonii [sic]).23 As Echeneibothrium cancellatum (see Schmidt 1969).24 GenBank No. AF126070- 71.25 As a replacement name for Pedibothrium lintoni Caira and Pritchard, 1986.26 As Phoreiobothrium lasium (see Healy 2003).27 As Phoreiobothrium n. sp. from Negaprion brevirostris.28 Chandler (1954: 352) listed “Carcharinus [sic] leucas, cub shark” as a host for Phoreiobothrium lasium (as Cylindrophorus lasius) but referred to the “cub- shark [Carcharhinus platyodon]” in Linton (1909a: 174); Caira, Richmond, and Swanson (2005), in their revision of the genus Phoreiobothrium, recognized only Carcharhinus obscurus as host of P. lasium; thus, this record of P. lasium (as Cylindrophorus lasius) requires verification; Seamster was cited as a personal communication for the records of Cylindrophorus exceptus; Caira, Richmond, and Swanson (2005), in their revision of the genus Phoreiobothrium, listed only Sphyrna zygaena as host of P. exceptum; thus, this record of P. exceptum (as Cylindrophorus exceptus) requires verification.29 Caira, Richmond, and Swanson (2005), in their revision of the genus Phoreiobothrium, recognized only Carcharhinus obscurus as host of P. lasium; thus, this record of P. lasium requires verification.30 Caira, Richmond, and Swanson (2005), in their revision of the genus Phoreiobothrium, recognized only Carcharhinus obscurus as host of P. lasium; thus, this record of P. lasium requires verification.31 GenBank Nos. AF286994 and AF286954.32 GenBank No. AF126095- 96.33 Shuler (1938) reported Platybothrium hypoprioni from “Scoliodon terrae- novae” but Healy (2003), after examination of material from this host, did not con-sider Rhizoprionodon terranovae as an additional host of this species.34 GenBank Nos. AF287000 and AF286961.35 Chandler (1954), citing Linton, listed Dasyatis sabina as host for Rhinebothrium flexile, but Linton (1909a) reported this species from Dasyatis say.36 As Echeneibothrium flexile (see Healy 2006)37 GenBank Nos. AF124476 and AF124813.38 GenBank No. AF286962.39 GenBank No. AF126075- 76.40 Seamster was cited as a personal communication for the record of Echeneibothrium minimum; this species was transferred to the genus Scalithrium by Ball, Neifar, and Euzet (2003) as its type species; Dasyatis pastinaca and Raja clavata have been reported as hosts for S. minimum from the Mediterranean Sea, Tune-sia, Senegal (see Ball, Neifar, and Euzet 2003, Healy 2006); this record requires verification.41 Chandler (1954), citing Linton, listed Dasyatis sabina as host for Spongiobothrium variabile (as Anthobothrium variabile), but Linton (1909a) reported this species from Dasyatis say.42 As Thysanocephalum rugosum (see Euzet 1959).43 Chandler (1954) listed separate records for Thysanocephalum rugosum and Thysanocephalum thysanocephalum.44 As Thysanocephalum crispum (see Euzet 1959).45 Henson (1975) reported Unicilocularis trygonis from Carcharhinus leucas and Dasyatis sabina; Uncibilocularis was considered to be restricted to the Indian and Pacific Oceans (see, e.g., Euzet 1994); the record from C. leucas most likely represents a species of Phoreiobothrium, and the record from D. sabina a species of Acanthobothrium.46 As Phyllobothrium tumidum, citing Shuler (1938) for this record (see above); Seamster was also cited as a personal communication for the record of Antho-bothrium sp.; Anthobothrium is considered to be restricted to carcharhiniform sharks (see, e.g., Euzet 1994); this record of Anthobothrium sp. from Dasyatis sabina likely represents a species belonging to a genus other than Anthobothrium; also, Phyllobothrium was revised by Ruhnke (1996) to include only species parasitizing triakid sharks; this record of Phyllobothrium sp. from Dasyatis sabina is likely to represent a species in a genus other than Phyllobothrium.47 Phyllobothrium was revised by Ruhnke (1996) to include only species parasitizing triakid sharks; this report of Phyllobothrium sp. from Dasyatis sabina likely represents a species belonging to a genus other than Phyllobothrium; Henson (1975) also reported 3 species of Anthobothrium, one from Dasyatis sabina and D. say (as sp. 1), one from Isurus oxyrhynchus [sic] (as sp. 2), and one from Rhinoptera bonasus (as sp. 5); Anthobothrium was considered to be restricted to car-charhiniform sharks (see, e.g., Euzet 1994); thus, reports of Anthobothrium spp. from these hosts are suspect and likely represent species in genera other than Anthobothrium.
Jensen ~ 505
Checklist 1. Adult cestodes from actinopterygians, elasmobranchs, and marine mammals. (continued)
48 Linton (1909a) reported Phyllobothrium foliatum from Dasyatis say; Phyllobothrium was revised by Ruhnke (1996) to include only species parasitizing tri-akid sharks; Linton’s (1909a) record is suspect and requires verification; Linton (1909a: 169) also reported an “Undetermined Cestode” from Carcharhinus platyodon [sic]; his figures suggest that these specimens belong to the genus Paraorygmatobothrium.49 Phyllobothrium was revised by Ruhnke (1996) to include only species parasitizing triakid sharks; this report of Phyllobothrium foliatum from Dasyatis sabina likely represents a species belonging to a genus other than Phyllobothrium.50 Shuler (1938) reported Phyllobothrium dasybati and P. lactuca from Negaprion brevirostris, and Phyllobothrium tumidium [sic] from Rhizoprionodon terrano-vae; Phyllobothrium was revised by Ruhnke (1996) to include only species parasitizing triakid sharks; Shuler’s (1938) records are suspect and require verifica-tion.51 As Nybelinia alloiotica (see Palm 2004).52 As Heteronybelinia alloiotica (see Palm 2004).53 As Nybelinia palliata (see Palm 2004).54 As Synbothrium filicolle (see Palm 2004).55 As Callitetrarhynchus gracilis (see Palm 2004).56 As Tentacularia pseudodera (see Palm 2004).57 As Dasyrhynchus variouncinatus (see Palm 2004).58 As Dasyrhynchus variouncinatus (see Palm 2004).59 As Tentacularia insignis (see Palm 2004).60 As Rhynchobothrium exile (see Palm 2004).61 As Grillotia similis (see Palm 2004).62 As Grillotia similis (see Palm 2004).63 As Rhynchobothrium simile (see Palm 2004).64 As Grillotia (Paragrillotia) simmonsi (see Palm 2004).65 As Rhynchobothrium simile (see Palm 2004).66 As Grillotia perlica (see Palm 2004).67 As Tentacularia similis (see Palm 2004).68 As Grillotia perlica (see Palm 2004).69 As Grillotia perlica (see Palm 2004).70 As Tentacularia perelica (see Palm 2004).71 As Rhynchobothrium sp. (see Palm 2004).72 Chandler (1954) listed Otobothrium curtum and O. crenacolle as separate records (see Palm 2004).73 As Rhynchobothrium curtum and Otobothrium crenacolle (see Palm 2004).74 Chandler (1942) reported Dasyrhynchus insigne from Carcharias playodon [sic].75 As Poecilancistrium robustum (see Palm 2004).76 As Eutetrarhynchus lineatus (see Palm 2004).77 As Rhynchobothrium lineatum (see Palm 2004).78 As Eutetrarhynchus lineatus (see Palm 2004).79 As Tentacularia lineata (see Palm 2004).80 As Rhynchobothrium tenuispine (see Palm 2004).81 As Rhynchobothrium tenuispine (see Palm 2004).82 As Prochristianella tenuispine (see Palm 2004).83 As Prochristianella penaei (see Palm 2004).84 As Rhynchobothrium sp. (see Palm 2004).85 As Rhynchobothrium binuncum (see Palm 2004).86 As Rhynchobothrium binuncum (see Palm 2004).87 As Rhynchobothrium sp. (see Palm 2004).88 As Rhynchobothrium sp. (see Palm 2004).
Ch
eck
list
2. L
arva
l ces
tod
es f
rom
th
e G
ulf
of
Mex
ico.
Taxo
n
Hos
t
Site
in h
ost
G
Mx
rang
e
Ref
eren
ces /
En
dnot
es
Phyl
um: P
laty
helm
inth
esC
lass
: Ces
toda
Ord
er: C
yclo
phyl
lidea
Fam
ily: D
ilepi
dida
eA
scod
ilepi
s tra
nsfu
ga (K
rabb
e, 18
69)
Men
idia
men
idia
inw,
mes
nnw
38 1 , 4
1 2 , 136
Glo
ssoc
ercu
s cyp
rinod
ontis
Cha
ndle
r, 19
35Cy
prin
odon
varie
gatu
snn
w38
, 41,
136
Cyc
loph
yllid
eaLi
tope
naeu
s set
iferu
s, Fa
rfant
epen
aeus
azt
ecus
mes
nw49
, 50
Ord
er: D
iphy
llide
aEc
hino
both
rium
sp.
Cant
haru
s can
cella
rius,
Nas
sariu
s vib
exes
e, ne
, nw
28, 2
9O
rder
: Lec
anic
epha
lidea
Poly
poce
phal
us sp
.Ar
gope
cten
irra
dian
s con
cent
ricus
, Mac
roca
llista
nim
bosa
, Spi
sula
solid
issim
a ra
vene
lidi
d, m
es, m
us,
stw,
vis
ese,
ne, n
w27
, 28,
29
Tylo
ceph
alum
sp.
Anad
ara
florid
ana,
Ana
dara
tran
sver
sa, A
nom
ia si
mpl
ex, A
rca
sp., A
rca
zebr
a, A
rgo-
pect
en ir
radi
ans c
once
ntric
us, A
trin
a rig
ida,
Atr
ina
sem
inud
a, B
usyc
on co
ntra
rium
, Bu
syco
n sp
iratu
m p
yrul
oide
s, Ca
ntha
rus c
ance
llariu
s, Ch
ama
mac
erop
hylla
, Chi
one
canc
ellat
a, C
hlam
ys se
ntis,
Cra
ssos
trea
virg
inica
, Cre
pidu
la fo
rnica
ta, C
repi
dula
m
acul
osa,
Cre
pidu
la p
lana
, Cre
pidu
la sp
p., C
yrto
pleu
ra co
stata
, Din
ocar
dium
ro
bustu
m, D
onax
varia
bilis
, Dos
inia
disc
us, D
osin
ia el
egan
s, En
sis m
inor
, Ens
is sp
p., E
pine
phelu
s mor
io, F
ascio
laria
liliu
m h
unte
ria, F
ascio
laria
tulip
a, L
aevi
car-
dium
mor
toni
, Lae
vica
rdiu
m sp
., Mac
roca
llista
mac
ulat
a, M
acro
calli
sta n
imbo
sa,
Mac
tra fr
agili
s, M
elong
ena
coro
na, M
erce
naria
cam
pech
iens
is, M
erce
naria
mer
ce-
naria
texa
na, M
odio
lus m
odio
lus s
quam
osus
, Mur
ex fl
orife
r deli
ctus
, Mur
ex fu
lve-
scen
s, M
urex
pom
um, N
oetia
pon
dero
sa, O
liva
saya
na, P
erig
lypt
a lis
teri,
Pin
ctad
a im
brica
ta, P
inna
carn
ea, P
leuro
ploc
a gi
gant
ea, P
olin
ices d
uplic
atus
, Pse
udoc
ham
a ra
dian
s, Pt
eria
coly
mbu
s, Ra
eta
plica
tella
, Spi
sula
solid
issim
a sim
ilis,
Spon
dylu
s am
erica
nus,
Thai
s hae
mas
tom
a ca
nalic
ulat
a, T
rach
ycar
dium
egm
ontia
num
con,
dig
, gil,
inw,
m
an, m
us, p
cc,
vis
entir
e14
, 27,
28,
29,
31,
52,
10
0, 1
25
Leca
nice
phal
idea
Farfa
ntep
enae
us a
ztec
us, F
arfa
ntep
enae
us d
uora
rum
, Tra
chyp
enae
us (T
rach
ysal
am-
bria
) con
stric
tus,
Trac
hysa
lam
bria
sim
ilis,
Sicy
onia
dor
salis
, Sol
enoc
era
atla
ntid
isin
t, m
us, n
eves
e, ne
, nw
49, 8
3 3 , 86
Ord
er: P
seud
ophy
llide
aD
ibot
hriu
m sp
.At
herin
a la
ticep
sin
w, st
wes
e41
4 , 92
Pseu
doph
yllid
eaCo
elorh
ynch
us ca
rmin
atus
, Hym
enoc
epha
lus i
talic
usin
tne
3O
rder
: Tet
raph
yllid
eaAc
anth
obot
hriu
m sp
.Ar
gope
cten
irra
dian
s con
cent
ricus
, Bus
ycon
spira
tum
pyr
uloi
des,
Cant
haru
s can
cella
r-iu
s, En
sis m
inor
, Ens
is sp
p., F
ascio
laria
liliu
m h
unte
ria, F
ascio
laria
tulip
a, M
acom
a co
nstr
icta
, Melo
ngen
a co
rona
, Mur
ex p
omum
, Noe
tia p
onde
rosa
, Oliv
a sa
yana
, Pl
euro
ploc
a gi
gant
ea, P
olin
ices d
uplic
atus
, Pse
udom
iltha
flor
idan
a, R
aeta
plic
atell
a,
Tage
lus d
ivisu
s, Ta
gelu
s pleb
eius
, Tag
elus s
pp., T
hais
haem
asto
ma
cana
licul
ata
bcv,
int,
man
, sto
ese,
ne, n
w28
, 29,
72,
73 5 , 1
28 6 ,
147 7
506
(con
tinue
d)
507
Dio
ecot
aeni
a ca
ncell
ata
(Lin
ton,
189
0)An
adar
a ov
alis,
Chi
one c
ance
llata
, Melo
ngen
a co
rona
int,
sto
ese,
ne, n
w28
, 29,
147
8
Eche
neib
othr
ium
sp.
Argo
pect
en ir
radi
ans,
Spisu
la so
lidiss
ima,
Thu
nnus
alb
acar
es[e
ntire
], nn
e27
9 , 104
Pelic
hnib
othr
ium
spec
iosu
m M
ontic
elli,
188
9Th
unnu
s alb
acar
esne
146
Phyl
lobo
thriu
m d
elphi
ni (B
osc,
1802
)St
enell
a co
erul
eoal
baac
wne
62, 1
51Ph
yllo
both
rium
sp.
Alep
isaur
us sp
.ss
e, sw
105
Rhin
ebot
hriu
m sp
.Am
ygda
lum
pap
ryiu
m, A
nada
ra tr
ansv
ersa
, Arg
opec
ten
irrad
ians
conc
entr
icus,
Atrin
a rig
ida,
Atr
ina
sem
inud
a, B
usyc
on co
ntra
rium
, Bus
ycon
spira
tum
pyr
uloi
des,
Cant
haru
s can
cella
rius,
Cerit
hium
atra
tum
, Chi
one c
ance
llata
, Cre
pidu
la fo
rnica
ta,
Crep
idul
a m
acul
osa,
Cre
pidu
la p
lana
, Cre
pidu
la sp
p., D
onax
varia
bilis
, Dos
inia
di
scus
, Dos
inia
eleg
ans,
Ensis
min
or, E
nsis
spp.
, Fas
ciola
ria li
lium
hun
teria
, Fas
cio-
laria
tulip
a, M
actra
frag
ilis,
Mac
roca
llista
nim
bosa
, Melo
ngen
a co
rona
, Nas
sariu
s vi
bex,
Noe
tia p
onde
rosa
, Oliv
a sa
yana
, Per
iplo
ma
ineq
uale,
Pleu
ropl
oca
giga
ntea
, Po
linice
s dup
licat
us, R
aeta
plic
atell
a, Sp
isula
solid
issim
a sim
ilis,
Tage
lus d
ivisu
s, Ta
gelu
s pleb
eius
, Tag
elus s
pp., T
rach
ycar
dium
egm
ontia
num
int,
sto
ese,
ne, n
w28
, 29,
30,
147
10
Rhod
obot
hriu
m sp
.An
adar
a tra
nsve
rsa,
Arg
opec
ten
irrad
ians
conc
entr
icus,
Don
ax va
riabi
lis, M
acro
cal-
lista
nim
bosa
, Spi
sula
solid
issim
a sim
ilis,
Telli
na ve
rsico
lor
man
, vis
ese,
ne, n
w27
, 28 11
, 29 12
, 147
13
Tetr
aphy
llide
aAn
omal
ocar
dia
aube
riana
, Arg
opec
ten
irrad
ians
conc
entr
icus,
Ario
psis
felis,
Aux
is th
azar
d, B
agre
mar
inus
, Bat
hyga
dus f
avos
us, B
athy
gadu
s mac
rops
, Bat
hyga
dus
mela
nobr
anch
us, B
usyc
on sp
iratu
m p
yrul
oide
s, Ca
ntha
rus c
ance
llariu
s, Ch
ione
can-
cella
ta, C
oelo
rhyn
chus
carib
baeu
s, Co
elorh
ynch
us ca
rmin
atus
, Cre
pidu
la fo
rnica
ta,
Crep
idul
a pl
ana,
Cre
pidu
la sp
p., C
yrto
pleu
ra co
stata
, Dos
inia
disc
us, D
osin
ia el
e-ga
ns, E
nsis
min
or, E
nsis
spp.
, Epi
neph
elus g
utta
tus,
Epin
ephe
lus s
tria
tus,
Fasc
iola
ria
liliu
m h
unte
ria, F
ascio
laria
tulip
a, F
eres
a at
tenu
ata,
Gad
omus
arc
uatu
s, G
adom
us
long
ifilis
, Hae
mul
on p
lum
ierii
, Hym
enoc
epha
lus i
talic
us, L
utja
nus g
rise
us, M
ala-
coce
phal
us la
evis,
Melo
ngen
a co
rona
, Mod
iolu
s mod
iolu
s squ
amos
us, M
ycte
rope
rca
bona
ci, N
ezum
ia a
equa
lis, N
oetia
pon
dero
sa, O
ctop
us jo
ubin
i, O
cyur
us ch
rysu
-ru
s, Pe
riphy
lla p
erip
hylla
, Pom
atom
us sa
ltarix
, Rae
ta p
liact
ella,
Sten
o br
edan
ensis
, Sy
nodu
s foe
tens
, Thu
nnus
alb
acar
es, V
entr
ifoss
a at
lant
ica, V
entr
ifoss
a m
acro
pogo
n,
Vent
rifos
sa oc
ciden
talis
cyd,
gbd,
int,
liv,
mes
, meg
pcc
, re
c, st
o
entir
e2 14
, 3 15
, 28 16
, 29 17
, 38
18, 6
3 19, 6
4 20,
65 21
, 73 22
, 92 23
, 93
24, 1
04 25
, 105
26,
109 27
, 123
28
Ord
er: T
rypa
norh
ynch
aSu
perf
amily
: Ten
tacu
lari
oide
aFa
mily
: Ten
tacu
lari
idae
Het
eron
ybeli
nia
estig
men
a (D
ollfu
s, 19
60)
Thun
nus a
lbac
ares
stw
nne
117,
119
Het
eron
ybeli
nia
cf. e
stigm
ena
(Dol
lfus,
1960
)Th
unnu
s alb
acar
esst
wnn
e11
7, 1
19Ko
tore
lla p
rono
som
a (S
toss
ich,
190
1)Cy
nosc
ion
nebu
losu
sst
wnn
e11
7, 1
19N
ybeli
nia
indi
ca C
hand
ra, 1
986
Cory
phae
na h
ippu
rus
stw
nne
117,
119
29
Nyb
elini
a m
ehlh
orni
Pal
m &
Bev
erid
ge, 2
002
Lutja
nus c
ampe
chan
usnn
e11
7
Ch
eck
list
2. L
arva
l ces
tod
es f
rom
th
e G
ulf
of
Mex
ico.
(con
tin
ued
)
508
Taxo
n
Hos
t
Site
in h
ost
G
Mx
rang
e
Ref
eren
ces /
En
dnot
es
Nyb
elini
a sp
.Al
episa
urus
sp., A
trin
a se
min
uda,
Bat
hyga
dus m
acro
ps, C
oelo
rhyn
chus
carib
baeu
s, Co
elorh
ynch
us ca
rmin
atus
, Coe
lorh
ynch
us oc
ca, C
oryp
haen
oide
s mex
icanu
s, Co
ry-
phae
noid
es za
niop
horu
s, Cy
nosc
ion
aren
ariu
s, D
onax
varia
bilis
, Gad
omus
arc
u-at
us, G
adom
us lo
ngifi
lis, H
ymen
ocep
halu
s ita
licus
, Nez
umia
aeq
ualis
, Sph
yrae
na
guac
hanc
ho, Th
unnu
s alb
acar
es, T
rach
inot
us ca
rolin
us, V
entr
ifoss
a at
lant
ica, V
en-
trifo
ssa
mac
ropo
gon,
Ven
trifo
ssa
muc
ocep
halu
s, Ve
ntrif
ossa
occid
enta
lis
dig,
inw,
mes
, stw
ne, n
nw,
sse,
sw3 30
, 104
, 105
31, 1
13,
117,
133
, 147
Tent
acul
aria
cory
phae
nae B
osc,
1797
Alep
isaur
us sp
., Co
ryph
aena
hip
puru
s, Ra
chyc
entro
n ca
nadu
m, T
hunn
us a
lbac
ares
bcv,
int,
mes
, stw
entir
e10
4 32, 1
05 33
, 115
, 11
7, 1
19, 1
27,
146 34
Tent
acul
aria
sp.
Bath
ygad
us m
acro
ps, M
alac
ocep
halu
s lae
vis
mes
, stw
ne3
Fam
ily: S
phyr
ioce
phal
idae
Hep
atox
ylon
trici
huri
(Hol
ton,
180
2)Th
unnu
s alb
acar
esin
tne
117,
146
35
Het
eros
phyr
ioce
phal
us oh
eulu
mia
e Pal
m, 2
004
Thun
nus a
lbac
ares
int
ne11
7, 1
46 36
Sphy
rioce
phal
us sp
.Co
elorh
ynch
us oc
ca, C
oryp
haen
oide
s mex
icanu
s, Th
unnu
s alb
acar
es?
sse,
sw3,
104
, 117
Supe
rfam
ily: G
ymno
rhyn
choi
dea
Fam
ily: G
ymno
rhyn
chid
aeG
ymno
rhyn
chus
giga
s Rud
olph
i, 18
19Br
ama
bram
am
uses
e, ne
117,
119
Supe
rfam
ily: L
acis
torh
ynch
oide
aFa
mily
: Pte
robo
thri
idae
Pter
obot
hriu
m cr
assic
ole D
iesin
g, 1
850
Ario
psis
felis
mes
nnw
117 37
Pter
obot
hriu
m h
eter
acan
thum
Die
sing,
185
0Ar
iops
is fel
is, M
icrop
ogon
ias u
ndul
atus
, Nar
cine b
ancr
oftii,
Pom
atom
us sa
ltato
rm
es, m
us, v
isne
, nw
2 38, 3
8 39, 4
1, 1
10, 1
11,
112,
115
, 117
Pter
obot
hriu
m li
nton
i (M
acC
allu
m, 1
916)
Ario
psis
felis,
Men
ticirr
hus a
mer
icanu
s, M
icrop
ogon
ias u
ndul
atus
mes
, mus
entir
e6,
38 40
, 41,
110
, 111
, 11
7, 1
34 41
Fam
ily: L
acis
torh
ynch
idae
Calli
tetra
rhyn
chus
grac
ilis P
intn
er, 1
931
Ario
psis
felis,
Bag
re m
arin
us, E
lops
saur
us, E
pine
phelu
s str
iatu
s, Lu
tjanu
s ca
mpe
chan
us, L
utja
nus g
rise
us, M
ycte
rope
rca
bona
ci, O
cyur
us ch
rysu
rus,
Scom
b-er
omor
us ca
valla
, Sco
mbe
rom
orus
mac
ulat
us
bcv,
liv, m
es, s
tw,
vis
ese,
ne, n
w2,
40,
41,
53,
92,
117
, 11
9, 1
27
Calli
tetra
rhyn
chus
spec
iosu
s (Li
nton
, 189
7)Ep
inep
helu
s str
iatu
s, Lu
tjanu
s gri
seus
, Myc
tero
perc
a ve
neno
saliv
, mes
, vis
ese
92, 1
17Ca
llite
trarh
ynch
us sp
.Ep
inep
helu
s mor
io, S
ardi
nella
aur
itapc
c, st
w, vi
sse
, sw
6, 6
0, 9
2 42, 1
00, 1
17D
asyr
hync
hus g
igan
teus
(Die
sing,
185
0)Ca
ranx
hip
pos
brn,
mus
nne
10, 1
12 43
, 115
, 117
Das
yrhy
nchu
s pac
ificu
s Rob
inso
n, 1
965
Mug
il ce
phal
us, M
ugil
cure
ma
?ne
, nw
10, 1
17, 1
19G
rillo
tia sp
.Co
ryph
aena
hip
puru
sss
e, sw
105 44
Pseu
dogr
illot
ia p
leista
cant
ha D
ollfu
s, 19
69Po
goni
as cr
omis,
uni
dent
ified
scia
enid
mus
ne, n
w54
, 111
, 115
, 117
, 13
4 45
(con
tinue
d)
509
Pseu
dogr
illot
ia ze
rbia
e Pal
m, 1
995
Serio
la d
umer
ilim
usnn
e11
5, 1
17Ps
eudo
laci
storh
ynch
us n
oodt
i Pal
m, 1
995
Gym
noth
orax
fune
bris,
Pse
udup
eneu
s mac
ulat
usre
wes
e, nn
e92
46, 1
17, 1
18Su
perf
amily
: Oto
both
rioi
dea
Fam
ily: O
tobo
thri
idae
Oto
both
rium
cysti
cum
(May
er, 1
842)
Ario
psis
felis,
Car
anx
crys
os, C
ynos
cion
aren
ariu
s, Cy
nosc
ion
nebu
losu
s, Ep
inep
helu
s str
iatu
s, Lu
tjanu
s cam
pech
anus
, Myc
tero
perc
a bo
naci
, Par
alich
thys
leth
ostig
ma,
Pe
prilu
s alep
idot
us, P
epril
us b
urti,
Pom
atom
us sa
ltato
r
mes
, mus
, vis
ne, n
w2 47
, 92 48
, 113
, 117
, 11
8, 1
19
Oto
both
rium
insig
ne L
into
n, 1
905
Ario
psis
felis
mus
nne,
nnw
78, 1
17O
tobo
thriu
m p
enet
rans
Lin
ton,
190
7Ty
losu
rus c
roco
dilu
snn
e11
8 49
Oto
both
rium
sp.
Bagr
e bah
iens
is [s
ic],
Upe
neus
par
vus
mes
sse,
ssw
105,
114
, 117
Poec
ilanc
istriu
m ca
ryop
hyllu
m (D
iesin
g,
1850
)Ba
irdie
lla ch
ryso
ura,
Cyn
oscio
n ar
enar
ius,
Cyno
scio
n ne
bulo
sus,
Cyno
scio
n no
thus
, Cy
nosc
ion
rega
lis, L
eios
tom
us x
anth
urus
, Men
ticirr
hus a
mer
icanu
s, M
icrop
ogon
ias
undu
latu
s, Po
goni
as cr
omis,
Scia
enop
s oce
llata
, Um
brin
a co
roid
es
mus
entir
e12
, 39 50
, 41 51
, 45,
81,
82
52, 1
10, 1
11, 1
12,
113,
117
, 118
, 134
Fam
ily: P
seud
otob
othr
iidae
Pseu
doto
both
rium
dip
sacu
m (L
into
n, 1
897)
Pom
atom
us sa
ltato
r, M
ycte
rope
rca
falca
taes
e, nn
e2 53
, 95 54
, 117
Supe
rfam
ily: E
utet
rarh
ynch
oide
aFa
mily
: Eut
etra
rhyn
chid
aeO
ncom
egas
wag
ener
i (Li
nton
, 189
0)Lu
tjanu
s aya
, Oph
idio
n sp
.in
ten
tire
115,
117
, 139
Para
chri
stian
ella
dim
egac
anth
a K
ruse
, 195
9Ch
ione
canc
ellat
a, F
arfa
ntep
enae
us a
ztec
us, F
arfa
ntep
enae
us d
uora
rum
, Spi
sula
so
lidiss
ima
simili
sdi
g, in
w, m
usen
tire
27, 4
9 55, 8
6, 1
17 56
Para
chri
stian
ella
mon
omeg
acan
tha
Kru
se,
1959
Calli
anas
sa sp
., Far
fant
epen
aeus
azt
ecus
, Far
fant
epen
aeus
duo
raru
mdi
gen
tire
49 57
, 86,
96,
117
Para
chri
stian
ella
sp.
Atrin
a rig
ida,
Atr
ina
sem
inud
a, A
nada
ra tr
ansv
ersa
, Arg
opec
ten
irrad
ians
conc
en-
tricu
s, Bu
syco
n sp
iratu
m p
yrul
oide
s, Ca
ntha
rus c
ance
llariu
s, Ch
ione
canc
ellat
a,
Crep
idul
a fo
rnica
ta, C
repi
dula
spp.
, Don
ax va
riabi
lis, D
osin
ia d
iscus
, Fas
ciola
ria
liliu
m h
unte
ria, F
ascio
laria
tulip
a, M
acro
calli
sta m
acul
ata,
Mac
roca
llista
nim
bosa
, N
oetia
pon
dero
sa, P
olin
ices d
uplic
atus
, Rae
ta p
licat
ella,
Spisu
la so
lidiss
ima
simili
s
inw,
mus
ne27
58, 2
8, 2
9, 1
17
Proc
hrist
iane
lla h
ispid
a (L
into
n, 1
890)
Calli
chiru
s isla
gran
de, F
arfa
ntep
enae
us a
ztec
us, F
arfa
ntep
enae
us b
rasil
iens
is, F
arfa
n-te
pena
eus d
uora
rum
, Lito
pena
eus s
etife
rus,
Trac
hype
naeu
s con
stric
tus
dig,
hpp
, stw
entir
e1 59
, 42,
83 60
, 86 61
, 96
, 112
, 117
, 118
, 12
6 62, 1
38, 1
43 63
, 14
4 64
Proc
hrist
iane
lla p
enae
i Kru
se, 1
959
Farfa
ntep
enae
us a
ztec
us, L
itope
naeu
s set
iferu
shp
pnw
49 65
Proc
hrist
iane
lla sp
.Fa
rfant
epen
aeus
azt
ecus
hpp
nne
117
unid
entifi
ed E
utet
rarh
ynch
idae
Argo
pect
en ir
radi
ans c
once
ntric
us, A
trin
a rig
ida,
Atr
ina
sem
inud
a, B
usyc
on sp
iratu
m
pyru
loid
es, C
repi
dula
forn
icata
, Cre
pidu
la sp
p., D
osin
ia d
iscus
, Ens
is sp
p., E
pine
ph-
elus m
orio
, Fas
ciola
ria li
lium
hun
teria
, Fas
ciola
ria tu
lipa,
Melo
ngen
a co
rona
, Pleu
-ro
ploc
a gi
gant
ea, T
hais
haem
asto
ma
cana
licul
ata
inw,
lei
ne, s
e, sw
28, 2
9, 1
00, 1
17
Ch
eck
list
2. L
arva
l ces
tod
es f
rom
th
e G
ulf
of
Mex
ico.
(con
tin
ued
)
510
Taxo
n
Hos
t
Site
in h
ost
G
Mx
rang
e
Ref
eren
ces /
En
dnot
es
unid
entifi
ed T
rypa
norh
ynch
aAl
pheu
s arm
illat
us, B
athy
gadu
s mac
rops
, Cep
halo
phol
is fu
lva,
Coe
lorh
ynch
us ca
rib-
baeu
s, Co
elorh
ynch
us ca
rmin
atus
, Coe
lorh
ynch
us oc
ca, C
oryp
haen
a hi
ppur
us,
Cory
phae
noid
es za
niop
horu
s, Cy
nosc
ion
nebu
losu
s, Ep
inep
helu
s gut
tatu
s, G
ado-
mus
arc
uatu
s, La
chno
laim
us m
axim
us, L
itope
naeu
s set
iferu
s, M
alac
ocep
halu
s la
evis,
Micr
ophr
ys b
icorn
utus
, Mith
rax
scul
ptus
, Mug
il cu
rem
a, N
ezum
ia a
equa
lis,
Pach
ygra
psus
tran
sver
sus,
Pagu
riste
s pun
ctice
ps, P
anop
eus l
acus
tris,
Pith
o ac
ulea
-tu
s, Sy
nodu
s foe
tens
, Thu
nnus
alb
acar
es, V
entr
ifoss
a at
lant
ica, V
entr
ifoss
a m
acro
po-
gon,
Ven
trifo
ssa
occid
enta
lis
bra,
mus
, pca
, vis
[ent
ire],
ese,
ne,
nnw
3 66, 6
67, 1
5, 5
3, 1
04 68
, 10
5 69, 1
09, 1
10,
113,
117
, 146
70
un
iden
tified
Ces
toda
Ba
thyg
adus
favo
sus,
Bath
ygad
us m
acro
ps, C
oelo
rhyn
chus
carib
baeu
s, Co
elorh
ynch
us
carm
inat
us, C
oelo
rhyn
chus
occa
, Cor
ypha
enoi
des m
exica
nus,
Cory
phae
noid
es
zani
opho
rus,
Cras
sostr
ea vi
rgin
ica, C
ynos
cion
nebu
losu
s, D
oros
oma
cepe
dian
um,
Farfa
ntep
enae
us a
ztec
us, F
arfa
ntep
enae
us d
uora
rum
, Gad
omus
arc
uatu
s, G
ado-
mus
long
ifilis
, Hym
enoc
epha
lus i
talic
us, M
alac
ocep
halu
s lae
vis,
Nez
umia
aeq
ualis
, St
omol
ophu
s mele
agri
s, un
iden
tified
mac
rour
id, V
entr
ifoss
a at
lant
ica, V
entr
ifoss
a m
acro
pogo
n, V
entr
ifoss
a oc
ciden
talis
bc
v, in
t, in
w, m
es,
meg
, mus
, stw
ne
, sse
, ss
w
3 71
, 38 72
, 86,
112
, 123
, 14
0, 1
43
1 As C
ystic
erco
ides
men
idia
e (se
e Sch
olz 2
001)
.2 A
s Cys
ticer
coid
es m
enid
iae f
rom
Men
idia
ber
rylin
a pe
nins
ulae
, citi
ng C
hand
ler.
3 Hut
ton
et al
. (19
59) r
efer
red
the r
ecor
ds fr
om T
rach
ypen
aeus
(Tra
chys
alam
bria
) con
stric
tus,
Trac
hysa
lam
bria
sim
ilis,
Sicy
onia
dor
salis
, and
Sol
enoc
era
atla
ntid
is as
“pos
sible”
hos
ts.
4 Cha
ndle
r (19
54) l
isted
Hep
setia
stip
es as
hos
t for
Dib
othr
ium
sp. (
as B
othr
ioce
phal
us sp
.), b
ut L
into
n (1
909)
repo
rted
this
spec
ies f
rom
Ath
erin
a la
ticep
s.5 C
ake (
1977
a) co
nsid
ered
the u
nide
ntifi
ed ce
stod
e lar
vae r
epor
ted
by H
arry
(196
9) fr
om R
aeta
plic
atell
a to
be l
arva
e of A
cant
hobo
thriu
m.
6 Reg
an (1
963)
iden
tified
larv
ae fr
om M
elong
ena
coro
na as
tetr
aphy
llide
an p
lero
cerc
oids
; sub
sequ
ently
, Cak
e (19
77a)
cons
ider
ed th
ese t
o be
larv
ae o
f Aca
ntho
both
rium
.7 W
ardl
e’s (1
974)
Sco
lex
sp. I
larv
ae fr
om T
agelu
s pleb
eius
and
Mac
oma
cons
tric
ta, a
nd S
cole
x sp
. III
larv
ae fr
om T
hais
haem
asto
ma
and
Pleu
ropl
oca
giga
ntea
, wer
e con
sider
ed to
be A
cant
hobo
thriu
m la
rvae
by C
ake (
1977
a).
8 War
dle’s
(197
4) S
cole
x sp
. II l
arva
e fro
m A
nada
ra ov
alis
wer
e con
sider
ed to
be D
ioec
otae
nia
canc
ellat
a la
rvae
by C
ake (
1977
a).
9 Cak
e’s (1
972)
repo
rt o
f lar
vae f
rom
Arg
opec
ten
irrad
ians
and
Spisu
la so
lidiss
ima
wer
e lat
er co
nsid
ered
to b
e lar
vae o
f Rhi
nebo
thriu
m sp
. (C
ake 1
976,
197
7a).
10 W
ardl
e’s (1
974)
Sco
lex
sp. V
II la
rvae
from
Noe
tia p
onde
rosa
wer
e con
sider
ed to
be D
ioec
otae
nia
canc
ellat
a la
rvae
by C
ake (
1977
a).
11 C
ake (
1976
) list
ed an
d fig
ured
Ant
hobo
thriu
m sp
. lar
vae f
rom
Ana
dara
tran
sver
sa th
at ar
e her
e con
sider
ed R
hodo
both
rium
larv
ae.
12 C
ake (
1976
) list
ed an
d fig
ured
Ant
hobo
thriu
m sp
. lar
vae f
rom
Ana
dara
tran
sver
sa th
at ar
e her
e con
sider
ed R
hodo
both
rium
larv
ae.
13 W
ardl
e’s (1
974)
Sco
lex
sp. I
V la
rvae
from
Don
ax va
riabi
lis w
ere c
onsid
ered
to b
e Ant
hobo
thriu
m la
rvae
by C
ake (
1977
a) b
ut ar
e her
e con
sider
ed R
hodo
both
rium
larv
ae.
14 A
s Sco
lex p
leuro
nect
is.15
Arm
stro
ng (1
974)
reco
gniz
ed tw
o ty
pes o
f tet
raph
yllid
ean
larv
ae: S
colex
pleu
rone
ctis,
form
I fr
om B
athy
gadu
s fav
osus
, Bat
hyga
dus m
acro
ps, B
athy
gadu
s mela
nobr
anch
us, C
oelo
rhyn
chus
carib
baeu
s, Co
elorh
ynch
us ca
rmin
a-tu
s, G
adom
us a
rcua
tus,
Gad
omus
long
ifilis
, Hym
enoc
epha
lus i
talic
us, M
alac
ocep
halu
s lae
vis,
Nez
umia
aeq
ualis
, Ven
trifo
ssa
atla
ntica
, Ven
trifo
ssa
mac
ropo
gon,
and
Vent
rifos
sa oc
ciden
talis
, and
Sco
lex p
leuro
nect
is, fo
rm II
from
Ba
thyg
adus
mac
rops
, Coe
lorh
ynch
us ca
ribba
eus,
Coelo
rhyn
chus
carm
inat
us, a
nd V
entr
ifoss
a oc
ciden
talis
.16
As S
colex
pleu
rone
ctis
quad
riloc
ular
is an
d Sc
olex
pleu
rone
ctis.
17 A
s “U
nkno
wn
tetr
aphy
llide
an U
niac
etab
ulo-
pler
ocer
coid
s of A
cant
hobo
thriu
m sp
. (Re
gan)
and /
or R
hine
both
rium
sp. (
Cak
e).”
18 A
s Sco
lex p
leuro
nect
is.
(con
tinue
d)
511
19 A
s “te
trap
hylli
dean
cest
ode l
arva
e” (p
g. 3
59).
20 F
orre
ster
and
Robe
rtso
n (1
975)
repo
rted
a ce
stod
e lar
va fr
om th
e liv
er o
f Ste
no b
reda
nens
is.21
As “
‘Sco
lex p
leuro
nect
is’ (s
yn. S
colex
pol
ymor
phus
)” (p
g. 4
00).
22 A
s “ta
pew
orm
larv
ae” (
pg. 7
).23
As S
colex
pol
ymor
phus
.24
As S
colex
pol
ymor
phus
.25
As S
colex
pleu
rone
ctis.
26 A
s Sco
lex p
leuro
nect
is.27
Ove
rstr
eet (
1968
) rec
ogni
zed
two
spec
ies o
f tet
raph
yllid
ean
larv
ae in
Syno
dus f
oete
ns.
28 A
s “te
trap
hylli
dean
- like
larv
a” (p
g. 5
75).
29 A
s Nyb
elini
a sc
olio
doni
(see
Pal
m 2
004)
.30
Arm
stro
ng (1
974)
reco
gniz
ed th
ree t
ypes
of N
ybeli
nia
sp. l
arva
e.31
Rec
ords
from
Alep
isaur
us sp
. and
Cor
ypha
ena
hipp
urus
wer
e not
list
ed in
Pal
m (2
004)
and
requ
ire ve
rifica
tion.
32 A
s Ten
tacu
laria
sp. (
see P
alm
200
4).
33 T
his r
ecor
d fr
om A
lepisa
urus
sp. w
as n
ot li
sted
in P
alm
(200
4) an
d re
quire
s ver
ifica
tion.
34 A
s Ten
tacu
laria
sp. (
see P
alm
200
4).
35 A
s Hep
atox
ylon
sp.
36 A
s Sph
yrio
ceph
alus
sp. (
see P
alm
200
4).
37 P
alm
(200
4) b
ased
his
desig
natio
n on
spec
imen
s dep
osite
d by
Mac
Cal
lum
.38
As P
tero
both
rium
filic
olle
(see
Pal
m 2
004)
.39
As G
ymno
rhyn
chus
giga
s (se
e Pal
m 2
004)
.40
As G
ymno
rhyn
chus
mal
leus (
see P
alm
200
4).
41 A
s Pte
robo
thriu
m sp
. (se
e Pal
m 2
004)
.42
As R
hync
hobo
thriu
m sp
. fro
m C
lupa
nodo
n ps
eudo
hisp
anicu
s (se
e Pal
m 2
004)
.43
As D
asyr
hync
hus s
p. (s
ee P
alm
200
4).
44 R
ecor
d fr
om C
oryp
haen
a hi
ppur
us w
as n
ot li
sted
in P
alm
(200
4).
45 A
s Dip
loot
obot
hriu
m sp
ringe
ri (s
ee P
alm
200
4).
46 A
s Rhy
ncho
both
rium
sp. f
rom
Lyco
dont
is fu
nebr
is (s
ee P
alm
200
4).
47 A
s Oto
both
rium
cren
acol
le (s
ee P
alm
200
4).
48 A
s Rhy
ncho
both
rium
curt
um (s
ee P
alm
200
4).
49 T
his r
ecor
d w
as n
ot in
clud
ed in
Pal
m (2
004)
.50
As O
tobo
thriu
m ro
bustu
m (s
ee P
alm
200
4); P
alm
(200
4) ap
pear
s to
have
mist
aken
ly li
sted
Epi
neph
elus c
oioi
des a
s ins
tead
of C
ynos
cion
neb
ulos
us (a
s Eri
scio
n ne
bulo
sus)
.51
As P
oecil
anci
striu
m ro
bustu
m (s
ee P
alm
200
4).
52 A
s Poe
cilia
ncist
rum
[sic]
robu
stum
(see
Pal
m 2
004)
.53
As O
tobo
thriu
m d
ipsa
cum
(see
Pal
m 2
004)
.54
As O
tobo
thriu
m d
ipsa
cum
; Myc
tero
perc
a fa
lcata
is th
e orig
inal
hos
t in
Lint
on (1
924)
but
is li
sted
as T
rach
inot
us fa
lcatu
s in
Palm
(200
4).
55 C
orke
rn (1
977)
was
not
trea
ted
in P
alm
(200
4) an
d re
quire
s ver
ifica
tion.
56 P
alm
(200
4) re
port
ed P
arac
hrist
iane
lla d
imeg
acan
tha
from
Chi
one c
ance
llata
from
Flo
rida w
ithou
t pro
vidi
ng a
spec
ific l
ocal
ity; t
hus,
this
mig
ht n
ot re
pres
ent a
reco
rd fr
om th
e GM
x.
512
Ch
eck
list
2. L
arva
l ces
tod
es f
rom
th
e G
ulf
of
Mex
ico.
(con
tin
ued
)
57 C
orke
rn (1
977)
was
not
trea
ted
in P
alm
(200
4) an
d re
quire
s ver
ifica
tion.
58 A
s Par
achr
istia
nella
dim
egac
anth
a (s
ee P
alm
200
4).
59 A
s Pro
chri
stian
ella
pena
ei (s
ee P
alm
200
4).
60 A
s Pro
chri
stian
ella
sp. (
see P
alm
200
4).
61 A
s Pro
chri
stian
ella
pena
ei (s
ee P
alm
200
4).
62 A
s Pro
chri
stian
ella
pena
ei (s
ee P
alm
200
4).
63 A
s Pro
chri
stian
ella
pena
ei (s
ee P
alm
200
4).
64 A
s Pro
chri
stian
ella
pena
ei (s
ee P
alm
200
4).
65 W
hile
Pal
m co
nsid
ered
Pro
chri
stian
ella
pena
ei as
a ju
nior
syno
nym
of P
roch
risti
anell
a hi
spid
a, C
orke
rn (1
977)
was
not
trea
ted
in P
alm
(200
4) an
d re
quire
s ver
ifica
tion.
66 A
rmst
rong
(197
4) re
cogn
ized
5 ty
pes o
f try
pano
rhyn
chan
larv
ae (a
s Ple
uroc
erco
id fo
rm I
[Cys
tidae
], Pl
euro
cerc
us fo
rm I,
Ple
uroc
ercu
s for
m II
, Ple
uroc
ercu
s for
m II
I, an
d Pl
euro
cerc
us fo
rm IV
).67
As G
rillo
tia sp
., bel
ongi
ng to
the G
. hep
tanc
hi g
roup
(see
Pal
m 2
004)
.68
The
se re
cord
s of G
rillo
tia sp
., Gym
norh
ynch
us gi
gas,
and
an u
nide
ntifi
ed tr
ypan
orhy
ncha
n fr
om T
hunn
us a
lbac
ares
wer
e not
verifi
ed in
Pal
m (2
004)
.69
Thi
s rec
ord
from
Epi
neph
elus g
utta
tus a
nd L
achn
olai
mus
max
imus
was
not
list
ed in
Pal
m (2
004)
and
requ
ires v
erifi
catio
n.70
War
d’s (1
962)
reco
rd o
f a d
asyr
hync
hid
from
Thu
nnus
alb
acar
es an
d a t
rypa
norh
ynch
an la
rva f
rom
Lito
pena
eus s
etife
rus (
as P
enae
us fl
uvia
tilis)
was
not
verifi
ed b
y Pal
m (2
004)
.71
Arm
stro
ng (1
974)
reco
gniz
ed th
ree t
ypes
of c
esto
de la
rvae
whi
ch h
e con
sider
ed to
be i
ncer
tae s
edis
(as P
leur
ocer
coid
form
I, II
, III
).72
Cha
ndle
r (19
35: 1
25) r
epor
ted
this
larv
a as a
n “u
nide
ntifi
ed ta
pew
orm
larv
a” fr
om C
ynos
cion
neb
ulos
us (a
s Eri
scio
n ne
bulo
sus)
.
Jensen ~ 513
(continued)
Checklist 3. Host-parasite list for cestodes from the Gulf of Mexico.
Host Taxon Cestoda (A = adult, L = larva)
Phylum: CnidariaClass: ScyphozoaOrder: CoronataeFamily: Periphyllidae
Periphylla periphylla (Péron & Lesueur, 1809) Tetraphyllidea (L)Order: RhizostomeaeFamily: Rhizostomatidae
Stomolophus meleagris L. Agassiz, 1862 unidentified Cestoda (L)Phylum: MolluscaClass: BivalviaOrder: ArcoidaFamily: Arcidae
Anadara floridana (Conrad, 1869) Tylocephalum sp. (L)Lunarca ovalis (Bruguière, 1789) 1 Dioecotaenia cancellata (L)Anadara transversa (Say, 1822) Parachristianella sp. (L), Rhinebothrium sp. (L), Rhodobothrium sp. (L),
Tylocephalum sp. (L)Arca sp. Tylocephalum sp. (L)Arca zebra (Swainson, 1833) Tylocephalum sp. (L)
Family: NoetiidaeNoetia ponderosa (Say, 1822) Acanthobothrium sp. (L), Parachristianella sp. (L), Rhinebothrium sp. (L),
Tetraphyllidea (L), Tylocephalum sp. (L)Order: MytiloidaFamily: Mytilidae
Amygdalum papryium (Conrad, 1846) Rhinebothrium sp. (L)Modiolus squamosus Beauperthuy, 1967 2 Tetraphyllidea (L), Tylocephalum sp. (L)
Order: MyoidaFamily: Pholadidae
Cyrtopleura costata (Linnaeus, 1758) Tetraphyllidea (L), Tylocephalum sp. (L)Order: OstreoidaFamily: Anomiidae
Anomia simplex d’Orbigny, 1842 Tylocephalum sp. (L)Family: Ostreidae
Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin, 1791) Tylocephalum sp. (L), unidentified Cestoda (L)Family: Pectinidae
Argopecten irradians concentricus (Say, 1822) Acanthobothrium sp. (L), Echeneibothrium sp. (L), Parachristianella sp. (L), Polypocephalus sp. (L), Rhinebothrium sp. (L), Rhodobothrium sp. (L), Tetraphyllidea (L), Tylocephalum sp. (L), unidentified Eutetrarhynchidae (L)
Caribachlamys sentis (Reeve, 1853) 3 Tylocephalum sp. (L)Family: Spondylidae
Spondylus americanus Hermann, 1781 Tylocephalum sp. (L)Order: PholadomyoidaFamily: Periplomatidae
Periploma margaritaceum (Lamarck, 1801) 4 Rhinebothrium sp. (L)Order: PterioidaFamily: Pinnidae
Atrina rigida (Lightfoot, 1786) Parachristianella sp. (L), Rhinebothrium sp. (L), Tylocephalum sp. (L), unidentified Eutetrarhynchidae (L)
Atrina seminuda (Lamarck, 1819) Nybelinia sp. (L), Parachristianella sp. (L), Rhinebothrium sp. (L), Tylocephalum sp. (L), unidentified Eutetrarhynchidae (L)
Pinna carnea Gmelin, 1791 Tylocephalum sp. (L)Family: Pteriidae
Pinctada imbricata Röding, 1798 Tylocephalum sp. (L)Pteria colymbus (Röding, 1798) Tylocephalum sp. (L)
514 ~ Cestoda (Platyhelminthes)
Checklist 3. Host-parasite list for cestodes from the Gulf of Mexico. (continued)
Host Taxon Cestoda (A = adult, L = larva)
Order: VeneroidaFamily: Cardiidae
Dinocardium robustum (Lightfoot, 1786) Tylocephalum sp. (L)Laevicardium mortoni (Conrad, 1831) Tylocephalum sp. (L)Laevicardium sp. Tylocephalum sp. (L)Trachycardium egmontianum (Shuttleworth, 1856) Rhinebothrium sp. (L), Tylocephalum sp. (L)
Family: ChamidaeChama macerophylla Gmelin, 1791 Tylocephalum sp. (L)Chama radians Lamarck, 1819 5 Tylocephalum sp. (L)
Family: DonacidaeDonax variabilis Say, 1822 Nybelinia sp. (L), Parachristianella sp. (L), Rhinebothrium sp. (L), Rhodobothrium
sp. (L), Tylocephalum sp. (L)Family: Lucinidae
Stewartia floridana (Conrad, 1833) 6 Acanthobothrium sp. (L)Family: Mactridae
Mactrotoma fragilis (Gmelin, 1791) 7 Rhinebothrium sp. (L), Tylocephalum sp. (L)Raeta plicatella (Lamarck, 1818) Acanthobothrium sp. (L), Parachristianella sp. (L), Rhinebothrium sp. (L),
Tetraphyllidea (L), Tylocephalum sp. (L)Spisula raveneli (Conrad, 1831) 8 Polypocephalus sp. (L)Spisula solidissima similis (Say, 1822) 9 Echeneibothrium sp. (L), Parachristianella dimegacantha (L), Parachristianella sp.
(L), Rhinebothrium sp. (L), Rhodobothrium sp. (L), Tylocephalum sp. (L)Family: Pharidae
Ensis minor Dall, 1900 Acanthobothrium sp. (L), Rhinebothrium sp. (L), Tetraphyllidea (L), Tylocephalum sp. (L)
Ensis sp. Acanthobothrium sp. (L), Rhinebothrium sp. (L), Tetraphyllidea (L), Tylocephalum sp. (L), unidentified Eutetrarhynchidae (L)
Family: PholadidaeCyrtopleura costata (Linnaeus, 1758) Tetraphyllidea (L), Tylocephalum sp. (L)
Family: SolecurtidaeTagelus divisus (Spengler, 1794) Acanthobothrium sp. (L), Rhinebothrium sp. (L)Tagelus plebeius (Lightfoot, 1786) Acanthobothrium sp. (L), Rhinebothrium sp. (L)Tagelus sp. Acanthobothrium sp. (L), Rhinebothrium sp. (L)
Family: TellinidaeMacoma constricta (Bruguière, 1792) Acanthobothrium sp. (L)
Family: VeneridaeAngulus versicolor (De Kay, 1843) 10 Rhodobothrium sp. (L)Anomalocardia auberiana (d’Orbigny, 1853) Tetraphyllidea (L)Chione cancellata (Linnaeus, 1767) 11 Dioecotaenia cancellata (L), Parachristianella dimegacantha (L), Parachristianella
sp. (L), Rhinebothrium sp. (L), Tetraphyllidea (L), Tylocephalum sp. (L)Dosinia discus (Reeve, 1850) Parachristianella sp. (L), Rhinebothrium sp. (L), Tetraphyllidea (L), Tylocephalum
sp. (L), unidentified Eutetrarhynchidae (L)Dosinia elegans (Conrad, 1843) Rhinebothrium sp. (L), Tetraphyllidea (L), Tylocephalum sp. (L)Macrocallista maculata (Linnaeus, 1758) Parachristianella sp. (L), Tylocephalum sp. (L)Macrocallista nimbosa (Lightfoot, 1786) Parachristianella sp. (L), Polypocephalus sp. (L), Rhinebothrium sp. (L),
Rhodobothrium sp. (L), Tylocephalum sp. (L)Mercenaria campechiensis campechiensis
(Gmelin, 1791) 12
Tylocephalum sp. (L)
Mercenaria mercenaria texana (Dall, 1902) Tylocephalum sp. (L)Periglypta listeri (J. E. Gray, 1838) Tylocephalum sp. (L)
Class: CephalopodaOrder: OctopodaFamily: Octopodidae
Octopus joubini Robson, 1929 Tetraphyllidea (L)
Jensen ~ 515
Checklist 3. Host-parasite list for cestodes from the Gulf of Mexico. (continued)
(continued)
Host Taxon Cestoda (A = adult, L = larva)
Class: GastropodaSubclass: CaenogastropodaSuperfamily: CerithioideaFamily: Cerithiidae
Cerithium atratum (Born, 1778) Rhinebothrium sp. (L)Superfamily: CalyptraeoideaFamily: Calyptraeidae
Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758) Parachristianella sp. (L), Rhinebothrium sp. (L), Tetraphyllidea (L), Tylocephalum sp. (L), unidentified Eutetrarhynchidae (L)
Crepidula maculosa Conrad, 1846 Rhinebothrium sp. (L), Tylocephalum sp. (L)Crepidula plana Say, 1822 13 Rhinebothrium sp. (L), Tetraphyllidea (L), Tylocephalum sp. (L)Crepidula sp. Parachristianella sp. (L), Rhinebothrium sp. (L), Tetraphyllidea (L), Tylocephalum
sp. (L), unidentified Eutetrarhynchidae (L)Superfamily: NaticoideaFamily: Naticidae
Neverita duplicata (Say, 1822) 14 Acanthobothrium sp. (L), Parachristianella sp. (L), Rhinebothrium sp. (L), Tylocephalum sp. (L)
Order: NeogastropodaSuperfamily: MuricoideaFamily: Muricidae
Phyllonotus pomum (Gmelin, 1791) 15 Acanthobothrium sp. (L), Tylocephalum sp. (L)Hexaplex fulvescens (Sowerby II, 1834) 16 Tylocephalum sp. (L)Murex florifer delictus (Adams, 1855) 17 Tylocephalum sp. (L)Stramonita haemastoma (Linnaeus, 1767) 18 Acanthobothrium sp. (L), Tylocephalum sp. (L), unidentified Eutetrarhynchidae (L)
Superfamily: BuccinoideaFamily: Buccinidae
Cantharus cancellarius (Conrad, 1846) Acanthobothrium sp. (L), Echinobothrium sp. (L), Parachristianella sp. (L), Rhinebothrium sp. (L), Tetraphyllidea (L), Tylocephalum sp. (L)
Family: FasciolariidaeFasciolaria hunteria (G. Perry, 1811) 19 Acanthobothrium sp. (L), Parachristianella sp. (L), Rhinebothrium sp. (L),
Tetraphyllidea (L), Tylocephalum sp. (L), unidentified Eutetrarhynchidae (L)Fasciolaria tulipa (Linnaeus, 1758) Acanthobothrium sp. (L), Parachristianella sp. (L), Rhinebothrium sp. (L),
Tetraphyllidea (L), Tylocephalum sp. (L), unidentified Eutetrarhynchidae (L)Triplofusus giganteus (Kiener, 1840) 20 Acanthobothrium sp. (L), Rhinebothrium sp. (L), Tylocephalum sp. (L), unidentified
Eutetrarhynchidae (L)Family: Melongenidae
Busycon sinistrum Hollister, 1958 21 Rhinebothrium sp. (L), Tylocephalum sp. (L)Busycotypus spiratus (Lamarck, 1816) 22 Acanthobothrium sp. (L), Parachristianella sp. (L), Rhinebothrium sp. (L),
Tetraphyllidea (L), Tylocephalum sp. (L), unidentified Eutetrarhynchidae (L)Melongena corona (Gmelin, 1791) Acanthobothrium sp. (L), Dioecotaenia cancellata (L), Rhinebothrium sp. (L),
Tetraphyllidea (L), Tylocephalum sp. (L), unidentified Eutetrarhynchidae (L)Family: Nassariidae
Nassarius vibex (Say, 1822) Echinobothrium sp. (L), Rhinebothrium sp. (L)Oliviform taxaFamily: Olividae
Oliva sayana Ravenel, 1834 Acanthobothrium sp. (L), Rhinebothrium sp. (L), Tylocephalum sp. (L)Phylum: ArthropodaClass: MalacostracaOrder: DecapodaFamily: Alpheidae
Alpheus armillatus Milne Edwards, 1837 unidentified Trypanorhyncha (L)
516 ~ Cestoda (Platyhelminthes)
Checklist 3. Host-parasite list for cestodes from the Gulf of Mexico. (continued)
Host Taxon Cestoda (A = adult, L = larva)
Family: CallianassidaeCallianassa sp. 23 Parachristianella monomegacantha (L)Callichirus islagrande (Schmitt, 1935) Prochristianella hispida (L)
Family: DiogenidaePaguristes puncticeps J. E. Benedict, 1901 unidentified Trypanorhyncha (L)
Family: GrapsidaePachygrapsus transversus (Gibbes, 1850) unidentified Trypanorhyncha (L)
Family: MithracidaeMicrophrys bicornutus (Latreille, 1825) unidentified Trypanorhyncha (L)Mithraculus sculptus (Lamarck, 1818) 24 unidentified Trypanorhyncha (L)
Family: PanopeidaePanopeus lacustris Desbonne, 1867 unidentified Trypanorhyncha (L)
Family: PenaeidaeFarfantepenaeus aztecus (Ives, 1891) Cyclophyllidea (L), Lecanicephalidea (L), Parachristianella dimegacantha
(L), Parachristianella monomegacantha (L), Prochristianella hispida (L), Prochristianella penaei (L), Prochristianella sp. (L), unidentified Cestoda (L)
Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis (Latreille, 1817) Prochristianella hispida (L)Farfantepenaeus duorarum (Burkenroad, 1939) Lecanicephalidea (L), Parachristianella dimegacantha (L), Parachristianella
monomegacantha (L), Prochristianella hispida (L), unidentified Cestoda (L)Litopenaeus setiferus (Linnaeus, 1767) 25 Cyclophyllidea (L), Prochristianella hispida (L), Prochristianella penaei (L),
unidentified Trypanorhyncha (L)Rimapenaeus constrictus (Stimpson, 1871) 26 Lecanicephalidea (L), Prochristianella hispida (L)Rimapenaeus similis (S. I. Smith, 1885) 27 Lecanicephalidea (L)
Family: PortunidaeCallinectes similis A. B. Williams, 1966 unidentified Cestoda (L)
Family: SicyoniidaeSicyonia dorsalis Kingsley, 1878 Lecanicephalidea (L)
Family: SolenoceridaeSolenocera atlantidis Burkenroad, 1939 Lecanicephalidea (L)
Family: TychidaePitho aculeata (Gibbes, 1850) unidentified Trypanorhyncha (L)
Phylum: Chordata (Craniata)Class: ElasmobranchiiOrder: OrectolobiformesFamily: Ginglymostomatidae
Ginglymostoma cirratum (Bonnaterre, 1788) Dollfusiella lineatus (A), Dollfusiella tenuispinis (A), Grillotia sp. (A), Paragrillotia similis (A), Pedibothrium brevispine (A), Pedibothrium globicephalum (A), Pedibothrium longispine (A), Pedibothrium manteri (A), Pseudolacistorhynchus noodti (A), unidentified Eutetrachynchidae (A), Zygorhynchus ginglymostomati (A)
Order: LamniformesFamily: Alopiidae
Alopias vulpinus (Bonnaterre, 1788) Phoreiobothrium sp. (A)Family: Lamnidae
Carcharodon carcharias (Linnaeus, 1758) 28 Crossobothrium angustum (A), Otobothrium penetrans (A), Phoreiobothrium sp. (A)
Isurus oxyrinchus Rafinesque, 1810 Tetraphyllidea (non-hooked)Order: CarcharhiniformesFamily: Carcharhinidae
Carcharhinus commersonii (Blainville, 1816) 29 Crossobothrium angustum (A), Otobothrium penetrans (A)
Jensen ~ 517
Checklist 3. Host-parasite list for cestodes from the Gulf of Mexico. (continued)
(continued)
Host Taxon Cestoda (A = adult, L = larva)
Carcharhinus leucas (Müller & Henle, 1839) Anthobothrium sp. (A), Callitetrarhynchus gracilis (A), Cathetocephalus thatcheri (A), Dasyrhynchus giganteus (A), Heteronybelinia estigmena (A), Nybelinia lingualis (A), Otobothrium insigne (A), Phoreiobothrium sp. (A), Pillersium owenium (A), Poecilancistrium caryophyllum (A), Tetraphyllidea (hooked) (A), unidentified Eutetrachynchidae (A)
Carcharhinus limbatus (Müller & Henle, 1839) Anthobothrium sp. (A), Callitetrarhynchus gracilis (A), Disculiceps pileatum (A), Heteronybelinia estigmena (A), Heteronybelinia overstreeti (A), Nybelinia cf. bisulcata (A), Nybelinia lingualis (A), Otobothrium insigne (A), Otobothrium penetrans (A), Phoreiobothrium sp. (A), Pillersium owenium (A), Poecilancistrium caryophyllum (A), Pseudogillotia perelica (A)
Carcharhinus platyodon (non Poey, 1860) 30 Anthobothrium laciniatum (A), Disculiceps pileatum (A), Otobothrium cysticum (A), Phoreiobothrium sp. (A), Tetraphyllidea (non-hooked) (A), Otobothrium insigne (A)
Carcharhinus plumbeus (Nardo, 1827) Platybothrium coshtaprum (A)Galeocerdo cuvier (Péron & Lesueur, 1822) Grillotiella exile (A), Otobothrium cysticum (A), Thysanocephalum
thysanocephalum (A)Negaprion brevirostris (Poey, 1868) Anthobothrium laciniatum (A), Callitetrarhynchus speciosus (A), Dasyrhynchus
giganteus (A), Paraorygmatobothrium roberti (A), Phoreiobothrium anticaporum (A), Phoreiobothrium sp. (A), Platybothrium hypoprioni (A), Poecilancistrium caryophyllum (A), Pseudogillotia perelica (A), Tetraphyllidea (non-hooked) (A)
Rhizoprionodon terraenovae (Richardson, 1836) Callitetrarhynchus gracilis (A), Otobothrium cysticum (A), Otobothrium penetrans (A), Platybothrium sp. (A), Tetraphyllidea (non-hooked) (A)
Family: SphyrnidaeSphyrna lewini (Griffith & Smith, 1834) Anthobothrium sp. (A), Callitetrarhynchus gracilis (A), Diplootobothrium springeri
(A)Sphyrna mokarran (Rüppell, 1837) Phoreiobothrium manirei (A), Phoreiobothrium sp. (A)Sphyrna tiburo (Linnaeus, 1758) Anthobothrium sp. (A), Phoreiobothrium tiburonis (A), unidentified
Trypanorhyncha (A)Sphyrna tudes (Valenciennes, 1822) 31 Diplootobothrium springeri (A)Sphyrna zygaena (Linnaeus, 1758) 32 Heteronybelinia palliata (A)
Order: TorpediniformesFamily: Narcinidae
Narcine bancroftii (Griffith & Smith, 1834) Pterobothrium heteracanthum (L)Narcine brasiliensis (Olfers, 1831) 33 Acanthobothrium lintoni (A)
Order: RajiformesFamily: Rajidae
Raja eglanteria Bosc, 1800 Acanthobothrium floridensis (A)Order: MyliobatiformesFamily: Dasyatidae
Dasyatis americana Hildebrand & Schroeder, 1928 Acanthobothrium paulum (A), Anthocephalum alicae (A), Anthocephalum cairae (A), Polypocephalus sp. (A), Prochristianella hispida (A), Pterobothrium lintoni (A), Rhinebothrium corymbum (A), Rhinebothrium maccallumi (A), Rhinebothrium sp. (A), Rhinebothrium spinicephalum (A)
Dasyatis sabina (Lesueur, 1824) Acanthobothrium brevissime (A), Acanthobothrium sp. (A), Dollfusiella tenuispinis (A), Echeneibothrium minimum (A), Echeneibothrium sp. (A), Parachristianella monomegacantha (A), Prochristianella hispida (A), Pterobothrium lintoni (A), Rhinebothrium flexile (A), Tetraphyllidea (hooked) (A), Tetraphyllidea (non-hooked) (A)
Dasyatis say (Lesueur, 1817) Acanthobothrium brevissime (A), Anthocephalum centrurum (A), Prochristianella hispida (A), Prochristianella sp. (A), Pterobothrium heteracanthum (A), Rhinebothrium flexile (A), Rhinebothrium sp. (A), Spongiobothrium variabile (A), Tetraphyllidea (non-hooked) (A), Trimacracantha binuncus (A)
518 ~ Cestoda (Platyhelminthes)
Checklist 3. Host-parasite list for cestodes from the Gulf of Mexico. (continued)
Host Taxon Cestoda (A = adult, L = larva)
Family: GymnuridaeGymnura micrura (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Acanthobothrium fogeli (A)
Family: MyliobatidaeAetobatus narinari (Euphrasen, 1790) Acanthobothrium tortum (A), Tylocephalum marsupium (A)
Family: RhinopteridaeRhinoptera bonasus (Mitchill, 1815) Dioecotaenia cancellata (A), Duplicibothrium minutum (A), Echinobothrium sp.
(A), Tetraphyllidea (non-hooked) (A)Family: Mobulidae
Mobula hypostoma (Bancroft, 1831) Rhabdotobothrium anterophallum (A)Class: ActinopterygiiOrder: LepisosteiformesFamily: Lepisosteidae
Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus, 1758) Proteocephalus australis (A), Proteocephalus elongatus (A)Order: ElopiformesFamily: Elopidae
Elops saurus Linnaeus, 1766 Callitetrarhynchus gracilis (L)Order: ClupeiformesFamily: Clupeidae
Dorosoma cepedianum (Lesueur, 1818) unidentified Cestoda (L)Sardinella aurita Valenciennes, 1847 Callitetrarhynchus sp. (L)
Order: SiluriformesFamily: Ariidae
Ariopsis felis (Linnaeus, 1766) Callitetrarhynchus gracilis (L), Otobothrium cysticum (L), Otobothrium insigne (L), Pterobothrium crassicole (L), Pterobothrium heteracanthum (L), Pterobothrium lintoni (L), Tetraphyllidea (L)
Bagre marinus (Mitchill, 1815) Callitetrarhynchus gracilis (L), Otobothrium sp. (L) 34, Tetraphyllidea (L)Order: AulopiformesFamily: Alepisauridae
Alepisaurus sp. Nybelinia sp. (L), Phyllobothrium sp. (L), Tentacularia coryphaenae (L)Family: Chlorophthalmidae
Parasudis truculenta (Goode & Bean, 1896) 35 Clestobothrium crassiceps (A)Family: Synodontidae
Synodus foetens (Linnaeus, 1766) Anantrum tortum (A), Tetraphyllidea (L), unidentified Trypanorhyncha (L)Order: OphidiiformesFamily: Ophidiidae
Ophidion sp. Oncomegas wageneri (L)Order: GadiformesFamily: Bathygadidae
Bathygadus favosus Goode & Bean, 1886 Tetraphyllidea (L), unidentified Cestoda (L)Bathygadus macrops Goode & Bean, 1885 Clestobothrium gibsoni (A), Nybelinia sp. (L), Tentacularia sp. (L), Tetraphyllidea
(L), unidentified Cestoda (L), unidentified Trypanorhyncha (L)Bathygadus melanobranchus Vaillant, 1888 Tetraphyllidea (L)Gadomus arcuatus (Goode & Bean, 1886) Nybelinia sp. (L), Tetraphyllidea (L), unidentified Cestoda (L), unidentified
Trypanorhyncha (L)Gadomus longifilis (Goode & Bean, 1885) Nybelinia sp. (L), Tetraphyllidea (L), unidentified Cestoda (L)
Family: MacrouridaeCoelorinchus caribbaeus (Goode & Bean, 1885) Nybelinia sp. (L), Tetraphyllidea (L), unidentified Cestoda (L), unidentified
Trypanorhyncha (L)Coelorinchus carminatus (Goode, 1880) 36 Tetraphyllidea (L), Nybelinia sp. (L), Pseudophyllidea (L), unidentified Cestoda
(L), unidentified Trypanorhyncha (L)Coelorinchus occa (Goode & Bean, 1885) Nybelinia sp. (L), Sphyriocephalus sp. (L), unidentified Cestoda (L), unidentified
Trypanorhyncha (L)Coryphaenoides mexicanus (Parr, 1946) Nybelinia sp. (L), Sphyriocephalus sp. (L), unidentified Cestoda (L)
Jensen ~ 519
Checklist 3. Host-parasite list for cestodes from the Gulf of Mexico. (continued)
(continued)
Host Taxon Cestoda (A = adult, L = larva)
Coryphaenoides zaniophorus (Vaillant, 1888) Nybelinia sp. (L), unidentified Cestoda (L), unidentified Trypanorhyncha (L)Hymenocephalus italicus Giglioli, 1884 Nybelinia sp. (L), Pseudophyllidea (L), Tetraphyllidea (L), unidentified Cestoda (L)Malacocephalus laevis (Lowe, 1843) Tentacularia sp. (L), Tetraphyllidea (L), unidentified Cestoda (L), unidentified
Trypanorhyncha (L)Malacocephalus occidentalis Goode & Bean, 1885 37 Nybelinia sp. (L), Tetraphyllidea (L), unidentified Cestoda (L), unidentified
Trypanorhyncha (L)Nezumia aequalis (Günther, 1878) Nybelinia sp. (L), Tetraphyllidea (L), unidentified Cestoda (L), unidentified
Trypanorhyncha (L)Nezumia atlantica (Parr, 1946) 38 Nybelinia sp. (L), Tetraphyllidea (L), unidentified Cestoda (L), unidentified
Trypanorhyncha (L)Ventrifossa macropogon Marshall, 1973 Nybelinia sp. (L), Tetraphyllidea (L), unidentified Cestoda (L), unidentified
Trypanorhyncha (L)Ventrifossa mucocephalus Marshall, 1973 Nybelinia sp. (L)unidentified macrourid unidentified Cestoda (L)
Family: MerlucciidaeMerluccius bilinearis (Mitchill, 1814) 39 Clestobothrium crassiceps (A)Merluccius sp. Clestobothrium crassiceps (A)
Family: MoridaeGadella imberbis (Vaillant, 1888) Bothriocephalus gadellus (A)
Family: MuraenidaeGymnothorax funebris Ranzani, 1839 Pseudolacistorhynchus noodti (L)
Order: MugiliformesFamily: Mugilidae
Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758 Dasyrhynchus pacificus (L)Mugil curema Valenciennes, 1836 Dasyrhynchus pacificus (L), unidentified Trypanorhyncha (L)
Order: AtheriniformesFamily: Atherinidae
Atherinomorus stipes (Müller & Troschel, 1848) 40 Dibothrium sp. (L)Family: Atherinopsidae
Menidia menidia (Linnaeus, 1766) 41 Ascodilepis transfuga (L)Order: BeloniformesFamily: Belonidae
Tylosurus crocodilus (Péron & Lesueur, 1821) 42 Otobothrium penetrans (L), Ptychobothrium belones (A), Bothriocephalus sp. (A)Strongylura notata (Poey, 1860) Ptychobothrium belones (A)
Order: CyprinodontiformesFamily: Cyprinodontidae
Cyprinodon variegatus Lacepède, 1803 Glossocercus cyprinodontis (L)Order: PerciformesFamily: Bramidae
Brama brama (Bonnaterre, 1788) Gymnorhynchus gigas (L)Family: Carangidae
Caranx crysos (Mitchill, 1815) Otobothrium cysticum (L)Caranx hippos (Linnaeus, 1766) Dasyrhynchus giganteus (L)Trachinotus carolinus (Linnaeus, 1766) Nybelinia sp. (L)Seriola dumerili (Risso, 1810) Pseudogrillotia zerbiae (L)
Family: CoryphaenidaeCoryphaena hippurus Linnaeus, 1758 Grillotia sp. (L), Nybelinia indica (L), Tentacularia coryphaenae (L), unidentified
Trypanorhyncha (L)Family: Haemulidae
Haemulon plumierii (Lacepède, 1801) Tetraphyllidea (L)Family: Labridae
Lachnolaimus maximus (Walbaum, 1792) unidentified Trypanorhyncha (L)
520 ~ Cestoda (Platyhelminthes)
Checklist 3. Host-parasite list for cestodes from the Gulf of Mexico. (continued)
Host Taxon Cestoda (A = adult, L = larva)
Family: LutjanidaeLutjanus aya (Bloch, 1790) 43 Oncomegas wageneri (L)Lutjanus campechanus (Poey, 1860) Callitetrarhynchus gracilis (L), Nybelinia mehlhorni (L), Otobothrium cysticum (L)Lutjanus griseus (Linnaeus, 1758) Callitetrarhynchus gracilis (L), Callitetrarhynchus speciosus (L), Tetraphyllidea (L)Ocyurus chrysurus (Bloch, 1791) Callitetrarhynchus gracilis (L), Tetraphyllidea (L)
Family: MullidaePseudupeneus maculates (Bloch, 1793) Pseudolacistorhynchus noodti (L)Upeneus parvus Poey, 1852 Otobothrium sp. (L)
Family: PomatomidaePomatomus saltatrix (Linnaeus, 1766) 44 Tetraphyllidea (L), Otobothrium cysticum (L), Pseudotobothrium dipsacum (L),
Pterobothrium heteracanthum (L)Family: Rachycentridae
Rachycentron canadum (Linnaeus, 1766) Tentacularia coryphaenae (L)Family: Sciaenidae
Bairdiella chrysoura (Lacepède, 1802) Poecilancistrium caryophyllum (L)Cynoscion arenarius Ginsburg, 1930 Nybelinia sp. (L), Otobothrium cysticum (L), Poecilancistrium caryophyllum (L)Cynoscion nebulosus (Cuvier, 1830) Kotorella pronosoma (L), Otobothrium cysticum (L), Poecilancistrium caryophyllum
(L), unidentified Cestoda (L), unidentified Trypanorhyncha (L)Cynoscion nothus (Holbrook, 1848) Poecilancistrium caryophyllum (L)Cynoscion regalis (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Poecilancistrium caryophyllum (L)Leiostomus xanthurus Lacepède, 1802 Poecilancistrium caryophyllum (L)Menticirrhus americanus (Linnaeus, 1758) Poecilancistrium caryophyllum (L), Pterobothrium lintoni (L)Micropogonias undulatus (Linnaeus, 1766) Poecilancistrium caryophyllum (L), Pterobothrium heteracanthum (L),
Pterobothrium lintoni (L)Pogonias cromis (Linnaeus, 1766) Poecilancistrium caryophyllum (L), Pseudogrillotia pleistacantha (L)Sciaenops ocellata (Linnaeus, 1766) Poecilancistrium caryophyllum (L)Umbrina coroides Cuvier, 1830 Poecilancistrium caryophyllum (L)unidentified sciaenid Pseudogrillotia pleistacantha (L)
Family: ScombridaeAuxis thazard thazard (Lacepède, 1800) Tetraphyllidea (L)Thunnus albacares (Bonnaterre, 1788) Hepatoxylon trichiuri (L), Heteronybelinia cf. estigmena (L), Heteronybelinia
estigmena (L), Heterosphyriocephalus oheulumiae (L), Nybelinia sp. (L), Sphyriocephalus sp. (L), Tentacularia coryphaenae (L), Tetraphyllidea (L), unidentified Trypanorhyncha (L), Echeneibothrium sp. (L), Pelichnibothrium speciosum (L)
Scomberomorus cavalla (Cuvier, 1829) Callitetrarhynchus gracilis (L)Scomberomorus maculatus (Mitchill, 1815) Callitetrarhynchus gracilis (L)
Family: SerranidaeCephalopholis fulva (Linnaeus, 1758) unidentified Trypanorhyncha (L)Epinephelus guttatus (Linnaeus, 1758) Tetraphyllidea (L), unidentified Trypanorhyncha (L)Epinephelus morio (Valenciennes, 1828) Callitetrarhynchus sp. (L), Tylocephalum sp. (L), unidentified Eutetrarhynchidae
(L)Epinephelus striatus (Bloch, 1792) Callitetrarhynchus gracilis (L), Callitetrarhynchus speciosus (L), Otobothrium
cysticum (L), Tetraphyllidea (L)Mycteroperca bonaci (Poey, 1860) Callitetrarhynchus gracilis (L), Otobothrium cysticum (L), Tetraphyllidea (L)Mycteroperca interstitialis (Poey, 1860) 45 Pseudotobothrium dipsacum (L)Mycteroperca venenosa (Linnaeus, 1758) Callitetrarhynchus speciosus (L)
Family: SphyraenidaeSphyraena guachancho Cuvier, 1829 Nybelinia sp. (L)
Family: StromateidaePeprilus burti Fowler, 1944 Otobothrium cysticum (L)Peprilus paru (Linnaeus, 1758) 46 Otobothrium cysticum (L)
Family: XiphiidaeIstiophorus albicans (Latreille, 1804) Bothriocephalus manubrius (A)
Jensen ~ 521
Checklist 3. Host-parasite list for cestodes from the Gulf of Mexico. (continued)
(continued)
Host Taxon Cestoda (A = adult, L = larva)
Order: PleuronectiformesFamily: Paralichthyidae
Paralichthys lethostigma Jordan & Gilbert, 1884 Otobothrium cysticum (L)Class: MammaliaOrder: CetaceaFamily: Delphinidae
Feresa attenuata Gray, 1874 Tetrabothrius forsteri (A), Tetraphyllidea (L), Trigonocotyle sexitesticulae (A)Stenella coeruleoalba (Meyen, 1833) Phyllobothrium delphini (L)Steno bredanensis (G. Cuvier in Lesson, 1828) Tetrabothrius forsteri (A), Tetraphyllidea (L)
Tursiops truncatus (Montagu, 1821) Diphyllobothrium stemmacephalum (A)
1 As Anadara ovalis (see Turgeon et al. this volume).2 As Modiolus modiolus squamosus (see Turgeon et al. this volume).3 As Chlamys sentis (see Turgeon et al. this volume).4 As Periploma inequale (see Turgeon et al. this volume).5 As Pseudochama radians (see Turgeon et al. this volume).6 As Pseudomiltha floridana (see Turgeon et al. this volume).7 As Mactra fragilis (see Turgeon et al. this volume).8 As Spisula solidissima raveneli (see Turgeon et al. this volume).9 One record as Spisula solidissima (see Turgeon et al. this volume).10 As Tellina versicolor (see Turgeon et al. this volume).11 Not listed in Turgeon et al. (this volume).12 As Mercenaria campechiensis (see Turgeon et al. this volume).13 Crepidula plana is considered not to occur in the Gulf of Mexico, and the name might refer to either C. atrasolea or C. depressa (see Rosenberg, Moretzsohn, and García this volume).14 As Polinices duplicatus (see Rosenberg, Moretzsohn, and García this volume).15 As Murex pomum (see Rosenberg, Moretzsohn, and García this volume).16 As Murex fulvescens (see Rosenberg, Moretzsohn, and García this volume).17 Both, Chicoreus dilectus and Chicoreus florifer, are listed as separate species in Rosenberg, Moretzsohn, and García (this volume).18 As Thais haemastoma canaliculata (see Rosenberg, Moretzsohn, and García this volume).19 As Fasciolaria lilium hunteria (see Rosenberg, Moretzsohn, and García this volume).20 As Pleuroploca gigantea (see Rosenberg, Moretzsohn, and García this volume).21 As Busycon contrarium (see Rosenberg, Moretzsohn, and García this volume).22 As Busycon spiratum pyruloides (see Rosenberg, Moretzsohn, and García this volume).23 Members of the genus Callianassa do not occur in America (see Manning and Felder, 1991, Revision of the American Callianassidae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Thalassinidea), Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 104(4): 764–792) and thus, this host is likely to represent a member of another genus.24 As Mithrax sculptus (see McLaughlin et al. 2005).25 Ward (1962: 155) reported an unidentified trypanorhynchan larva from “Penaeus fluviatilis Say (white shrimp)”; Penaeus fluviatilis Say, 1818, is considered to be a synonym of Litopenaeus setiferus (Linnaeus, 1767), the white shrimp (see Pérez Farfante, 1969, Western Atlantic shrimps of the genus Penaeus, Fishery Bulletin 67(3): 461–591).26 One record as Trachypenaeus (Trachysalambria) constrictus (see McLaughlin et al. 2005).27 As Trachysalambria similis (see McLaughlin et al. 2005).28 As Carcharhinus lamia (see Compagno 1984).29 Carcharhinus commersonii is considered a synonym of Carcharhinus melanopterus (see, e.g., Compagno 1984, Eschmeyer 1998), a species not known to occur in the Gulf of Mexico (see McEachran this volume).30 This is a misapplied name, probably referring to Carcharhinus plumbeus (see Compagno 1984).31 According to, for example, McEachran (this volume) and Compagno (1984), Sphyrna tudes is not known to occur in the Gulf of Mexico.32 According to, for example, McEachran (this volume) and Compagno (1984), Sphyrna zygaena is not known to occur in the Gulf of Mexico.33 Although this species is listed in McEachran and Fechhelm (1998), McEachran (this volume) does not consider Narcine brasiliensis to occur in the Gulf of Mexico.34 As Bagre bahiensis (see McEachran this volume).
522 ~ Cestoda (Platyhelminthes)
Checklist 3. Host-parasite list for cestodes from the Gulf of Mexico. (continued)
35 As Chlorophthalmus truculentus (see McEachran this volume).36 McEachran (this volume) does not consider Coelorinchus carminatus to occur in the Gulf of Mexico.37 As Ventrifossa occidentalis (see McEachran this volume).38 As Ventrifossa atlantica (see McEachran this volume).39 McEachran (this volume) does not consider Merluccius bilinearis to occur in the Gulf of Mexico.40 As Atherina laticeps.41 McEachran (this volume) does not consider Menidia menidia to occur in the Gulf of Mexico.42 As Tylosurus raphidoma and Strongylura raphidoma (see McEachran this volume).43 Probably referring to Lutjanus campechanus; see Moura and Lindeman (2007) for taxonomic status of Lutjanus aya and Bodianus aya.44 As Pomatomus saltator in some records (see McEachran this volume).45 As Mycteroperca falcata (see McEachran this volume).46 As Peprilus alepidotus (see McEachran this volume).