CGS – 1100CGS – 1100Introduction to Introduction to Computer ApplicationsComputer Applications

Computer ConceptsComputer Concepts

Computer System Computer System ComponentComponent

Computer:Computer: A programmable A programmable electronic device that can store, electronic device that can store, retrieve, and process data.retrieve, and process data.

The word “Computer” emerged The word “Computer” emerged during WWII, people who during WWII, people who operated desk calculators were operated desk calculators were called: Computers.called: Computers.

History of the Modern History of the Modern ComputerComputer

Human: Could add a two 10 digit number in 10 seconds, withHuman: Could add a two 10 digit number in 10 seconds, withCalculator, in 4 Seconds. Calculator, in 4 Seconds.

Mark 1: Also called “Harvard Mark 1” Could add two 10-Mark 1: Also called “Harvard Mark 1” Could add two 10-digit numbers in about 0.3 seconds. 30 times faster than digit numbers in about 0.3 seconds. 30 times faster than Pencil and paper.Pencil and paper.

ENIAC: ENIAC: EElectronic lectronic NNumerical umerical IIntegrator ntegrator aand nd CComputer. Theomputer. Theworld's first electronic digital computer was developed byworld's first electronic digital computer was developed byArmy Ordnance to compute World War II ballistic firingArmy Ordnance to compute World War II ballistic firingTables. Could add the same in 0.0002 seconds, 50,000 timesTables. Could add the same in 0.0002 seconds, 50,000 timesfaster than a human, and 1,500 times faster than the Mark 1.faster than a human, and 1,500 times faster than the Mark 1.

General VocabularyGeneral Vocabularyand Unitsand Units

Bit:Bit: "Binary digIT" Computers happen to operate "Binary digIT" Computers happen to operate using the base-2 number system, also known as using the base-2 number system, also known as the the binary number systembinary number system ( 0, 1) ( 0, 1)

Byte: Byte: 8-bit collections (single, double precision)8-bit collections (single, double precision) Digital:Digital: Send – Receive 0’s and 1’s Send – Receive 0’s and 1’s Analog: Analog: AM - FMAM - FM Hertz: Unit of FrequencyHertz: Unit of Frequency Kilo-Hertz: 1000 CyclesKilo-Hertz: 1000 Cycles Mega-Hertz: 1 million CyclesMega-Hertz: 1 million Cycles Giga-Hertz: 1 Billion CyclesGiga-Hertz: 1 Billion Cycles

Components of a Components of a Computer SystemComputer System

ComputerComputer

Hardware SoftwareHardware Software

Motherboard Operating SystemMotherboard Operating System

Floppy Office 2003Floppy Office 2003

Hard Drive Internet Explorer Hard Drive Internet Explorer

Components of a Components of a Computer SystemComputer System

Input

Output

Storage

Process

Information Processing

Cycle

Components of a Components of a Computer SystemComputer System

Input Process Output

Storage

Types of ComputerTypes of Computer

MinicomputerMinicomputer

MicrocomputerMicrocomputer

MainframeMainframe

SupercomputerSupercomputer

ComputersComputers

Types of ComputerTypes of Computer

Microcomputer

DesktopLaptop / Notebook

PDAPersonal Digital

Assistant

Hardware DevicesHardware Devices

System Unit

PrinterOutput Device

Peripheral

MonitorOutput Device

PeripheralInput Device

StorageDevice

Input Device

MemoryMemory

Memory

RAM ROM

SRAM

DRAM

PROM

EPROM

MemoryMemory

SRAM: Static RAM

Random Access Memory

DRAM: Dynamic RAM

EPROM: Erasable Programmable ROM

PROM: Programmable ROM

Read Only Memory

1 MB2 MB4 MB8 MB16 MB32 MB64 MB128 MB

256 MB512 MB1024 MB

Extra Points: What mathematical equation describes the pattern?

Memory Size in MB

MonitorsMonitors

Output device, Output device, Soft-Copy OutputSoft-Copy Output Resolution is given by the amount Resolution is given by the amount

of “Pixels”of “Pixels” Two categories: CRT (Cathode Two categories: CRT (Cathode

Ray Tubes) and LCD (Liquid Ray Tubes) and LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)Crystal Display)

PrintersPrinters

Output DevicesOutput Devices Hard Copy OutputHard Copy Output Resolution is given in “dsi”. Dots Resolution is given in “dsi”. Dots

per Inch.per Inch. Two Categories: Laser (B&W, Two Categories: Laser (B&W,

Color) uses Toner. Inkjet (Color) Color) uses Toner. Inkjet (Color) uses ink cartridges. uses ink cartridges.

Types of Software and Types of Software and Their UsesTheir Uses

Operating System Software (OS):Operating System Software (OS): Tell the Tell the computer how to work and what to do.computer how to work and what to do.Windows, Linux and Macintosh. Windows, Linux and Macintosh.

Driver:Driver: Software that tells a hardware Software that tells a hardwarecomponent how to work. component how to work.

Application Software:Application Software: Accomplish a task Accomplish a taskUsing a computer. Word, Excel, Using a computer. Word, Excel,

PowerPointPowerPoint

Networks and ConfigurationNetworks and Configuration

Computer Network: Two or more Computer Network: Two or more computer connected in some way computer connected in some way in order to share their resources. in order to share their resources.

Bus Network,Bus Network, Star Network,Star Network, Ring Network.Ring Network.

Server/Host:Server/Host: Client/Workstation:Client/Workstation: Topology:Topology:

Network VocabularyNetwork Vocabulary

Star Network Star Network

A star network is a local area network A star network is a local area network (LAN) in which all nodes (workstations (LAN) in which all nodes (workstations or other devices) are directly or other devices) are directly connected to a common central connected to a common central computer. Every workstation is computer. Every workstation is indirectly connected to every other indirectly connected to every other through the central computer. In some through the central computer. In some star networks, the central computer star networks, the central computer can also operate as a workstation.can also operate as a workstation.

Bus NetworkBus Network

A bus network is an arrangement A bus network is an arrangement in a local area network (LAN) in in a local area network (LAN) in which each node (workstation or which each node (workstation or other device) is connected to a other device) is connected to a main cable or link called the bus. main cable or link called the bus.

Ring NetworkRing Network

A ring network is a local area network A ring network is a local area network (LAN) in which the nodes (workstations (LAN) in which the nodes (workstations or other devices) are connected in a or other devices) are connected in a closed loop configuration. Adjacent closed loop configuration. Adjacent pairs of nodes are directly connected. pairs of nodes are directly connected. Other pairs of nodes are indirectly Other pairs of nodes are indirectly connected, the data passing through connected, the data passing through one or more intermediate nodes. one or more intermediate nodes.

Local Area NetworkLocal Area Network

A local area network (LAN) is a group of A local area network (LAN) is a group of computers and associated devices that share computers and associated devices that share a common communications line or wireless a common communications line or wireless link and typically share the resources of a link and typically share the resources of a single processor or server within a small single processor or server within a small geographic area (for example, within an geographic area (for example, within an office building). Usually, the server has office building). Usually, the server has applications and data storage that are shared applications and data storage that are shared in common by multiple computer users. A in common by multiple computer users. A local area network may serve as few as two local area network may serve as few as two or three users (for example, in a home or three users (for example, in a home network) or as many as thousands of users network) or as many as thousands of users

Wide Area NetworkWide Area Network

A A wide area networkwide area network or or WANWAN is a is a computer network covering a wide computer network covering a wide geographical area, involving a vast array of geographical area, involving a vast array of computers. WANs are used to connect local computers. WANs are used to connect local area networks (LANs) together, so that users area networks (LANs) together, so that users and computers in one location can and computers in one location can communicate with users and computers in communicate with users and computers in

other locations.other locations.

Test 1