ch 04 building and fire codes
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Building and Fire Codes
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Objectives (1 of 2)
• Explain the history and basis for building codes
• Explain the differences between fire and building codes
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Objectives (2 of 2)
• Identify other construction codes and standards that have an impact on the fire service
• Identify important fire protection features of building codes
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History of Building Codes
• Based on local experience until the late 1800s
• National Association of Fire Engineers
• Eight fire protection concerns
• Insurance industry
• National Building Code in 1906
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Model Codes
• Complete regulatory documents
• Early model codes developed regionally
• National Building Code
• Uniform Building Code
• Standard Building Code
• International Code Council’s (ICC’s) International Building Code
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Legacy Codes
• Older regionally adopted codes
• No longer produced
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Fire Codes and Standards (1 of 3)
• Building Codes
• Regulate the construction of a building
• Not applied retroactively
• Usually updated every three years
• Rely on standards
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Fire Codes and Standards (2 of 3)
• Fire Codes
• Regulate the use of the building after it is built
• Applies to structures and conditions within structures
• Usually updated every three years
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Fire Codes and Standards (3 of 3)
• Test standards
• American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) E-119; “Standard Test Method for Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials”
• ASTM E-84; “Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials”
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Types of Construction
• International Building Code
• National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 5000
• Hybrid buildings
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Occupancy Classifications
• Building codes
• More restrictive on institutional and hazardous material uses
• Occupancy classification
• Relates hazards to specific regulations
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International Building Code Occupancy Types
• A-1 through A-4
• B and E
• F-1 and F-2
• H-1 through H-5
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NFPA 5000 Occupancy Types (1 of 2)
• Assembly Occupancy
• Business Occupancy
• Board and Care Occupancy
• Day-Care Occupancy
• Detention and Correctional Occupancy
• Educational Occupancy
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NFPA 5000 Occupancy Types (2 of 2)
• Health Care Occupancy
• High Hazard Contents
• Industrial Occupancy
• Mercantile Occupancy
• Residential Occupancy
• Storage Occupancy
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Area and Height (1 of 3)
• Size and height determined by building codes
• Regulation based on construction classification and occupancy type
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Area and Height (2 of 3)
• Changes can be made to the values in Table 4-2
• Automatic sprinkler systems lessen other requirements
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Area and Height (3 of 3)
• Fire fighter perceptions and concerns
• Increased size and height values without fire service input
• Original intent of the area and height limitations
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Special Hazards
• Atria structures
• Large open space within a structure connecting two or more floors
• High-rise structures
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Egress (1 of 2)
• Requirements set by building codes
• Components
• The exit access
• The exit
• The exit discharge
• Occupant load
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Egress (2 of 2)
• Number of exit paths/doors
• Safe path of travel
• Door hardware
• Sleeping rooms in “R” occupancies
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Fire Protection Systems
• Regulated by building codes
• Covered in detail in Chapter 5 of the book
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Disabled Occupants
• Model building codes
• Area of refuge
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Interior Finish
• Contribute to fire spread
• Steiner Tunnel Test
• Ratings
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Elevators (1 of 3)
• Electric cable
• Power controls on the top floor
• Hydraulic piston
• Power controls on the first floor
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Elevators (2 of 3)
• Phase I operation
• Elevators are recalled
• Phase II operation
• Fire fighter selects one elevators to access the upper floors
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Elevators (3 of 3)
• Elevator door restrictors
• Know how to open each type of restrictor found in your area
• Metal bars
• Elevator keys
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Code Implications
• Participate in code development
• For your safety
• The safety of others
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Summary
• The ICC and NFPA
• Building codes
• Fire codes
• Code development process