Ch. 10: The First Global Age, 1400-1800Mr. ChavezWorld HistoryFall 2014

10.3: The Growth of State Power-Absolute Rule in Europe As the world expanded, the

power of states and empires also grew

Between the 16th and 18th centuries, many monarchs (kings) centralized power and authority This form of rule was known

as absolutism Absolute monarchs claimed

that their right to rule came from God This notion of God-given

authority was known as divine right

10.3: The Growth of State Power-Absolute Rule in Europe European monarchs backed up their

rule with military force They wanted to secure their borders

and expand their area of control They used modernized weaponry

based on gunpowder technology from China

They developed canons for land and sea

Developed new methods to fortify artillery attacks

Monarchs paid for their new military power by raising taxes and bank loans

Gunpowder Revolution!

10.3: The Growth of State Power-Gunpowder EmpiresGunpowder revolution took place in Europe, eastern

Europe and Asia Strong states used gunpowder weapons to conquer

territory and build large empiresThe Ottoman Turks built one of the most powerful

empires They relied on well-trained armies and heavily artillery

Ottoman Turks created a centralized state to support their empire Their complex system of managing their government

was also known as a ________________

BUREAUCRACY

The Ottoman Empire

Modern Day Turkey

Majority of Turkish people are Muslim.Can you guess which branch of Islam?

Sunni

10.3: The Growth of State Power-Gunpowder EmpiresTo the north, Russia also built a powerful state

empire

10.3: The Growth of State Power-Gunpowder Empires In Persia, the Safavid Empire arose in 1501 and

collapsed in 1722 Their greatest ruler, Shah Abbas, built a strong

centralized state and promoted art and architecture This branch of Islam was practiced in this empire:

________________.The Mughal Empire spread across Central Asia and

India Lasted from 1526 to 1707 Also had a strong central government Government grew rich from trading cotton and spices

Shi’a

The Safavid and Mughal Empires

10.3: The Growth of State Power-Emerging European Dominance

Despite their success, most of the gunpowder empires declined by the late 1700s Safavid, Ottoman, Mughal

In contrast, Europe was getting stronger1 major factor: Commercial Revolution

Rapid expansion of business Fueled by overseas trade and colonization Gave rise to early forms of capitalism European states became extremely wealthy as a result Increased their military and political power

Economic, Political, Social, and Cultural factors helped Europe rise to power once more

Europe’s Rise to Power!

Now It’s Your Turn!Answer the following questions in complete

sentences.Title it Now It’s Your TurnWrite your responses on the back of your notes1. Describe 2 ways that monarchs centralized their

power.2. How did the Commercial Revolution make Europe

powerful?

10.4: Atlantic Empires: Colonization of the Americas By establishing American colonies, western European

countries… Built new empires Created new networks of exchange New colonies had both positive and negative effects on

the rest of the worldSpain and Portugal established first American colonies

Spain colonized North and South America in the 1500s Portugal colonized Brazil in the 1500s

_________________ defeated the Aztec and Inca empires Brought millions of Indians under their control

Conquistadors

10.4: Atlantic Empires: Colonization of the Americas Social structure of the Spanish colonies was largely

based on race White colonists made up the top social class They enjoyed the most power and privileges

Next were _______________: mixed race descendants of Europeans and Indian

At the bottom were native Indians; later black Africans

Mestizos

10.4: Atlantic Empires: Colonization of the Americas

The Catholic Church also played an important role in colonial society

The spread of Catholic beliefs was a prime motive of the Spanish conquest

Spanish and Portuguese Empires

10.4: Atlantic Empires: Economies of SilverSilver mining became the main economic activity in

the Spanish colonies Spanish forced Indians to work in the mines

Silver had an enormous impact on the world economy Made into coins and increased world money supply Resulted in ________________: rising prices, usually caused

by an increase in money supplyThe plantation system:

Spanish crown granted colonists large estates, stripping away land from Indians

Plantations grew: sugar, tobacco, cacao, cotton, etc..

inflation

10.4: Atlantic Empires: A Continental ExchangeExchange of goods between the Old World and the

New World This was also known as the _____________________: the

transfer of plants, animals and diseases between the Eastern and Western hemispheres

Columbian Exchange• The Columbian Exchange also had negative effects• Worst of all, Old World diseases spread

rapidly, with deadly effects on Indian populations

The Columbian Exchange

10.4: Atlantic Empires: Death and SlaveryOld World diseases killed at least 50% of the native

population Amounted to tens of millions of people This event is called the ________________.

The spread of disease made the European conquest of the Americas much easier Less Indians to resist European colonists Also, less Indians to work the land

Europeans started to import African slaves as a result

Great Dying

10.4: Atlantic Empires: Death and SlaverySlavery has existed since ancient times

Greeks, Romans and Arabs had all used slaves before Major were prisoners of war

The first African slaves were bought by Portugal in the mid-1400s

By the mid-1500s, most European countries were in the practice of buying slaves as well

By the 1800s, more than ten million African slaves had been shipped to the Americas Approximately 1 out of every 6 died en route to the

Americas (approximately 2 million) The journey from Africa to the Americas was known as

the middle passage

10.4: Atlantic Empires: Death and Slavery

The slave trade had a major impact on Africa Slavery destroyed many African societies It strengthened African warlords who sold slaves It introduced European goods, including guns to Africa

The slave trade had a greater impact on the Americas Slavery supported the plantation system which was

violent and brutal Left a legacy of racism and inequality that still exists

today

Slavery in the Americas

10.5: Movement of Religion & Ideas: Spreading Faith in the AmericasAs regions became more connected, ideas and

religious beliefs spread more rapidly from place to place Movement of ideas and religion also helped transform

the worldColonization of the Americas brought 2 LARGE

continents into the Christian world Catholic priests converted millions of Indians to

Christianity Many/most were converted forcefully In most cases, Indians blended Christian teachings with

their own traditional beliefsCatholic missionaries spread the faith into Africa and

Asia

10.5: Movement of Religion and Ideas: New Ideas in EuropeNew ideas and ways of thinking arose in EuropeArtist and thinkers of the __________________, revived

classical art and culture. They promoted ______________, a belief in the value of the

individual This new way of thinking paved the way for the

____________, which split the Catholic Church and gave birth to new Protestant religions

Renaissance

Humanism

Reformation

10.5: Movement of Religion and Ideas: New Ideas in Europe The printing press was

crucial to the Reformation And to ideas in general

Printing technology invented by China in the 11th century

German metalworker, Johannes Gutenberg advanced the technology in 1450 His printing press could

print 300 pages in one day Printing became faster and

more efficient

10.5: Movement of Religion and Ideas: New Ideas in EuropeThis movement sought to revive Catholicism in

response to the Reformation: _________________ The church expanded its missionary work in the new

coloniesScholars and thinkers, inspired by the Renaissance,

began to study the natural world in new ways This new approach to learning was called ______________ Began in the mid-1500s and lasted through the 1600s

Beginning in the 1700s, this movement sought to apply scientific methods to the study of society and its problems _________________________

Counter-Reformation

Scientific Revolution

Enlightenment