ch. 11: the muslim world (622-1629)
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Ch. 11: The Muslim World (622-1629). Cultures & Trade in and around Asia Between 400 and 1500, cultures of Asia, Africa, and Europe came into closer contact with one another. Land and sea trade routes helped link distant areas. Trade and travel increased. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Ch. 11: The Muslim World (622-1629)
Cultures & Trade in and around Asia
Between 400 and 1500, cultures of Asia, Africa, and Europe came into closer contact with one another.
• Land and sea trade routes helped link distant areas. Trade and travel increased.
• Conquering armies spread cultures from one region to another.
• The spread of religions such as Christianity, Islam and Buddhism united large regions.
Islam emerged in Arabia in the 600s and grew into a major world religion.
IslamAn Abrahamic Religion
IslamAn Abrahamic Religion Muslims are strict monotheists.
They believe in the Judeo- Christian God, which they call Allah.
Muslims believe that the Torah and the Bible, like the Qur’an, is the word of God.
People of the BookPeople of the Book
Abraham’s GenealogyAbraham’s Genealogy
ABRAHAMABRAHAM SARAHSARAHHAGARHAGAR
IsaacIsaac
EsauEsauJacobJacob
12 Tribes of Israel
12 Tribes of Israel
Ishmael
Ishmael
12 Arabian Tribes
12 Arabian Tribes
The Prophetic Tradition
The Prophetic TraditionAdam
Noah
Abraham
Moses
Jesus
Muhammad
Early History of IslamEarly History of Islam• Islam was founded in present day Saudi Arabia in Islam was founded in present day Saudi Arabia in
the 600s C.E.the 600s C.E.
• Muhammad was a successful merchant in Mecca, Muhammad was a successful merchant in Mecca, who was upset that people were worshipping idols who was upset that people were worshipping idols (pagan statues) and were corrupt.(pagan statues) and were corrupt.
• When he was 40 he went to a desert cave and When he was 40 he went to a desert cave and meditated.meditated.
• The angel, Gabriel, visited him in the desert and told The angel, Gabriel, visited him in the desert and told him to do God’s work.him to do God’s work.
• Muhammad received the word of Muhammad received the word of God and with encouragement from God and with encouragement from his wife (Khadija) started to devote his wife (Khadija) started to devote the rest of his life to spread Islam.the rest of his life to spread Islam.
• Many people did not like him in Many people did not like him in and in 622 C.E. he fled Mecca and in 622 C.E. he fled Mecca with his followers to Medina.with his followers to Medina.
• 622 C.E. became the first year in 622 C.E. became the first year in the Muslim calendar.the Muslim calendar.
• In 630 C.E. Muhammad returned In 630 C.E. Muhammad returned to Mecca and was successful in to Mecca and was successful in taking over the city.taking over the city.
• Muhammad worked to unite the Muhammad worked to unite the Arabs under Islam.Arabs under Islam.
• Muhammad died in 632 C.E.Muhammad died in 632 C.E.
The Origins of the Qur’anThe Origins of the Qur’an Muhammad received his first revelation from the angel Gabriel in the Cave of Hira in 610.
622 Hijrah Muhammad flees Mecca for Medina. * The beginning of the Muslim calendar (1 A.H.)
Muhammad’s revelations were compiled into the Qur’an after his death.
Sacred TextSacred Text The Qur’an = Muslims believe it contains the word of God.
114 suras (chapters).
In the name of Allah, the compassionate, the merciful. Written in Arabic.
1. The Shahada1. The Shahada11
The profession of faith:
There is no god worthy There is no god worthy of of worship except God, worship except God, andandMuhammad is HisMuhammad is HisMessenger [or Messenger [or Prophet].Prophet].
There is no god worthy There is no god worthy of of worship except God, worship except God, andandMuhammad is HisMuhammad is HisMessenger [or Messenger [or Prophet].Prophet].
2. The Salat2. The Salat22 The mandatory prayers
performed 5 times a day: * dawn * noon * mid-afternoon * sunset * late evening
Wash before praying.
Face Mecca and use a prayer rug.
The call to prayer is sung by the muezzin from the minaret, roof or doorway of the mosque.
The noon prayer must take place in a mosque only on Friday, the Muslim holy day.
3. The Zakat3. The Zakat33
Almsgiving (charitable donations).
Muslims believe that all things belong to God.
Zakat means both “purification” and “growth.”
About 2.5% of your income.
4. The Sawm4. The Sawm44
Fasting during the holy month of Ramadan, 9th month of Islamic calendar.
Considered a method of self purification.
No eating or drinking from sunrise to sunset during Ramadan.
5. The Hajj5. The Hajj55
The pilgrimage to Mecca.
Must be done at least once in a Muslim’s lifetime.
2-3 million Muslims make the pilgrimage every year.
Mecca, Saudi Arabia
Two main sects of IslamTwo main sects of Islam
SunnisSunnis• MajorityMajority• Believe that Believe that
successors to successors to Muhammad Muhammad should be chosen should be chosen by elected by elected consensus.consensus.
ShiitesShiites• MinorityMinority• Believe Muslim Believe Muslim
leaders should be leaders should be descendants of descendants of Muhammad’s son-Muhammad’s son-in-law, Ali.in-law, Ali.
The MosqueThe Mosque The Muslim place of worship.
The Dome of the Rock Mosque in Jerusalem
The Dome of the Rock Mosque in Jerusalem
Mount Moriah Rock is where Muhammad ascended into heaven.
• The Arabic word for mosque is masjid, which means “place of prostration.”
• Prostration = is the placement of the body in a submissive position.
• Any open area may be used as a place of prayer and referred to as a masjid.
• No human or divine images, no stain glass, statues of angels or Muhammad.
Prayer Hall
Other Islamic Religious Practices
Other Islamic Religious Practices
No alcohol or pork.
No gambling.
Sharia body of Islamic law to regulate daily living.
Three holiest cities in Islam: * Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem.
Essential Question:Essential Question:
Why was Islam able to spread so quickly and
convert so many to the new religion?
The Spread of IslamThe Spread of Islam Easy to learn and practice.
No priesthood.
Teaches equality.
Non-Muslims, who were “People of the Book,” were allowed religious freedom, but paid additional taxes.
Easily “portable” nomads & trade routes.
Jihad (“Holy War”) against pagans and other non-believers (“infidels”).
Muslims in the World TodayMuslims in the World Today
Countries with the Largest Muslim
Populations
Countries with the Largest Muslim
Populations1. Indonesia 183,000,000 6. Iran 62,000,000
2. Pakistan 134,000,000 7. Egypt 59,000,000
3. India 121,000,000 8. Nigeria 53,000,000
4. Bangladesh 114,000,000 9. Algeria 31,000,000
5. Turkey 66,000,000 10. Morocco 29,000,000
• Arabs make up only 20% of the total Muslim population of the world.
• 1.3 billion Muslim people on the planet!
Muslims in AmericaMuslims in America
Islamic Cultural Center of New York City opened
April 15, 1991
Islamic Cultural Center of New York City opened
April 15, 1991
Traditional Clothing
MEN• Long-sleeve tunic
over baggy pants or a loose fitting gown
• Head cap• Trimmed beard and
mustache
WOMEN• Long skirt or loose
fitting pants, long sleeves, head cover over the neck and shoulders
• Some more extremist countries require a head veil but not all
