ch 11 troubleshooting

8/14/2019 Ch 11 Troubleshooting

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TROUBLESHOOTING NDEX 11-2SECTION : ENGINE 11-2SECTION : DRIVETRAIN 11-3SECTION :BRAKESYSTEM 11-3SECTION :WHEELS,TIRES,STEERING,AND SUSPENSION II-4SECTION : ELECTRICALACCESSORIES II-4SECTION :lNSTRUMENTSANDGAUGES II-5SECTION :CLlMATE CONTROL II-5DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES II-6SECTION : ENGINE II-6ENGINESTARTING ROBLEMS II-6ENGINERUNNINGCONDITIONS II-7ENGINENOISES,ODORSANDVIBRATIONS II-8ENGINEELECTRICALSYSTEM 11-8ENGINECOOLINGSYSTEM II-8ENGINEEXHAUSTSYSTEM II-9SECTION : DRIVETRAIN II-9

AUTOMATIC RANSMISSION II-9MANUALTRANSMISSION II-10CLUTCH II-10DIFFERENTIALND FINALDRIVE II-10TRANSFER SSEMBLY II-10DRIVESHAFT II-10AXLES II-IIOTHERDRIVETRAINCONDITIONS II-IISECTION :BRAKESYSTEM II-IIBRAKESYSTEMTROUBLESHOOTING I-IISECTION :WHEELS, IRES,STEERINGAND SUSPENSION II-12WHEELSANDWHEELBEARINGS II-12TIRES II-12STEERING II-12SUSPENSION II-12DRIVINGNOISESANDVIBRATIONS II-13SECTION :ELECTRlCALACCESSORIES II-13 -HEADLIGHTS II-13TAIL, RUNNINGAND SIDEMARKERLIGHTS II-13INTERIOR IGHTS II-14BRAKE IGHTS II-14WARNING IGHTS II-14TURN SlGNALAND4-WAYHAZARDLIGHTS II-15WINDSHIELDWIPERS II-15SECTION :lNSTRUMENTSANDGAUGUES II-15 ISPEEDOMETER(CABLEOPERATED) II-15SPEEDOMETER(ELECTRONICALLYOPERATED) II-16FUEL,TEMPERATUREAkJDILPRESSURE AUGES II-16

SECTION :CLlMATECONAIR CONDITIONER ll-HEATER II-16TR(-16IL II-16


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11-2 TROUBLESHOOTINGCondition Section/Item Number

The ollowing roubleshootingharts redivided nto 7 sections overing ngine, rive rain,brakes,wheels/tires/steering/suspension,lectrical ccessories,nstrumentsndgaugandclimate ontrol.The irst portion or index) onsists f a list of symptoms, longwith section nd temnumbers. fterselectingheappropriateondition, efer o thecorrespondiagnostic roceduren thesecond ortions pecifiedocation.INDEX

Gasoline EnginesEngineurnsover, but will not startEngine oesnot urnoverwhenattemptingo startEngine talls mmediately hen tartedStartermotorspins,butdoesnotengageEngines difficult o startwhencoldEngines difficult o startwhenhotDiesel EnginesEngineurnsover butwontstartEngine oesnot urn overwhenattemptingo startEngine tallsafterstartingStartermotorspins,butdoesnotengageEngines difficult o start

I-A, 1l-A, 2I-A, 3I-A, 4I-A, 5I-A, 6

I-A, 1l-A, 2I-A, 3I-A, 4l-A, 5

Gasoline EnginesEngine unspoorly,hesitatesEngineackspowerEngine aspoorfueleconomyEngineunson (diesels)when urned ffEngine nocks ndpingsduringheavy cceleration,ndon steep illsEngine cceleratesutvehicledoesnot gainspeedDiesel Engines

Engine unspoorlyEngineackspower

l-B, 1I-B, 2l-B, 3I-B, 4l-B, 5I-B, 6

l-B,-1l-B, 2

Enginemakes knocking r pingingnoisewhenacceleratingStartermotorgrindswhenusedEnginemakes screeching oiseEnginemakes growling oiseEnginemakes tickingor tapping oiseEnginemakes heavy nocking oiseVehiclehasa fuelodorwhendrivenVehiclehasa rotten ggodorwhendrivenVehiclehasa sweet dorwhendrivenEngine ibrateswhen dlingEngine ibrates uringacceleration

Battery oesdeadwhiledrivingBattery oesdead vernight

Engine verheatsEngineoses oolantEngineemperatureemains oldwhendrivingEngine unshot

Exhaustattles t dle speedExhaust ystem ibrateswhendriving

l-C, 1l-C, 2l-C, 3I-C, 4l-C, 5I-C, 6l-C, 7l-C, 8I-C, 9I-C, 10l-C, 11

l-C, 1I-C, 2

I-D, 1I-D, 2I-D, 3I-D, 4

l-F, 1l-F, 2


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I TROUBLESHOOTINGI-3Condition Section/hem Number

2-A, 12-A, 22-A, 3Transmission hiftserraticallyTransmission ill notengageTransmission ill not downshift ur ingheavy cceleration

Transmission rindsgoing nto orward earswhiledrivingTransmissionumpsout of gearTransmission ifficult o shiftTransmissioneaks luid

2-B, 1 2-C, 22-B, 22-B, 3 2-C, 22-B, 4

2-C,l2-c,22-c,32-c,42-c,52-C,6

Clutch lips on hills or during udden ccelerationClutchwill notdisengage,ifficult o shiftClutch s noisywhen heclutchpedal s pressedClutchpedal xtremely ifficult o pressClutchpedal emains ownwhenpressedClutch hatters henengaging

2-D, 12-D, 2Differential akes low pitched umbling oiseDifferential akes howlingnoise

All Wheel and Four Wheel Drive VehiclesLeaks luid romsealsor ventafterbeingdrivenMakesexcessive oisewhiledrivingJumpsout of gear2-E,12-E,22-E,3

Rear Wheel, All Wheel and Four Wheel Drive VehiclesClunking oise romcenter f vehicle hifting rom orward o reverse,Excessiveibration rom center f vehiclewhenaccelerating 2-F, l2-F,2

All Wheel and Four Wheel Drive Vehicles, Frontor rearwheelmakes clickingnoiseFrontor Rearwheel ibrateswith ncreasedpeed 2-G,l2-G,2Front Wheel Drive VehiclesFrontwheelmakes clickingnoise

Rearwheelmakes clickingnoise2-G,32-G,4

Rear Wheel Drive VehiclesFrontor rearwheelmakes clickingRearwheel hudders r vibrates noise 2-G,52-G,6

2-H, 1; 2-C, 1; 3-A, 92-H, 2; 2-C, 1; 3-A, 9Burning dor romcenter f vehiclewhenacceleratingEngine ccelerates,utvehicledoesnotgainspeed

Brakes edalpulsates r shimmieswhenpressed 3-A-lBrakesmake squealing oise CI 3-A, 2Brakesmake grindingnoiseVehiclepulls o onesideduring.brakingBrake edal eelsspongy r hasexcessive rake edal ravelBrake edal eel s firm, butbrakesacksufficient topping oweror fade

3-A, 33-A, 43-A, 53-A, 6


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11-4 TROUBLESHOOTINGCondition 2 Section/Item Number

Vehiclehasexcessiverontenddive or locks earbrakesoo easily 3-A, 7Brake edal oes o floor whenpressed ndwill not pumpup 3-A, 8Brakesmakea burning dor 3-A, 9

All Wheel and Four Wheel Drive VehiclesFrontwheelor wheelbearingooseRearwheelor wheelbearinglooseFront Wheel Drive VehiclesFrontwheelor wheelbearingooseRearwheelor wheelbearingoose

4-A. 14-A: 1

4-A, 14-A, 2Rear Wheel Drive VehiclesFrontwheelor wheelbearingooseRearwheelor wheelbearingoose 4-A, 24-A, 1

Tireswornon nside readTireswornon outside reads Tireswornunevenly4-B, 14-B, 24-B, 3

Excessive lay n steeringwheelSteering heel hakes t cruisingspeedsSteering heel hakeswhenbrakingSteering heelbecomes tiffwhen urned

4-c, 14-c, 23-A, 14-c, 4

Vehiclepulls o onesideVehicle s very bouncy ver bumpsVehicle eems o leanexcessivelyn turnsVehicle idequality eems xcessively arshVehicle eems ow or leans o oneside

4-D 14-D, 24-D, 34-D, 44-D, 5

NoisesVehiclemakes clickingnoisewhendrivenVehiclemakes clunking r knocking oiseoverbumpsVehiclemakes low pitched umbling oisewhendrivenVehiclemakes squeaking oiseoverbumpsVibrationsVehicle ibrateswhendriven

4-E, 14-E,24-E,34-E,4 \4-E,5

Oneheadlight nlyworkson highor low beamHeadlight oesnotworkon highor low beamHeadlight(s)erydim

Tail ight, unning ightor sidemarker ight noperativeTail ight, unning ightor sidemarker ightworks ntermittentlyTail ight, unning ightor sidemarker ightverydim

5-A, 15-A, 25-A, 3 / .

5-B, 15-B, 25-B, 3

Interior ight noperativeInterior ightworks ntermittently 5-c, 15-c, 2


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TROUBLESHOOTINGI-5Condition Section/Item Number

Onebrake ight noperativeBothbrake ights noperativeOneor bothbrake ightsvery dim5-D, 15-D, 25-D, 3

Ignition, Battery and Alternator Warning Lights, Check EngineLight, Anti-Lock Braking System (ABS) Light, Brake WarningLight, Oil Pressure Warning Light, and Parking Brake WarningLightWarningight(s) emains n after heengines startedWarningight(s) lickerson andoff whendrivingWarningight(s) noperative ith gnitionon,andengine otstarted5-E, 15-E,25-E,3

Turnsignalsor hazardightscomeon, butdo not lashTurnsignalsor hazardightsdo not unction n eithersideTurnsignalsor hazardightsonlyworkon onesideOne ignal ightdoesnotworkTurnsignals lash oo slowlyTurnsignals lash oo astFour-way azardlasherndicator ight noperativeTurnsignal ndicator ight(s)do notwork n eitherdirectionOne urnsignal ndicator ightdoesnotwork

5-F, 15-F, 25-F, 35-F,45-F,55-F, 65-F, 75-F, 85-F, 9

HorndoesnotoperateHornhasan unusualone 5-G,15-G,2

Windshield ipersdo not operateWindshield ipermotormakes humming oise,getshot or blows usesWindshield ipermotoroperates utoneor bothwipers ail o moveWindshield iperswill not park

5-H, 15-H, 25-H, 35-H, 4

SpeedometeroesnotworkSpeedometereedleluctuates hendrivingat steady peedsSpeedometerorks ntermittently6-A, 16-A, 26-A, 3

SpeedometeroesnotworkSpeedometerorks ntermittently 6-B, 16-B, 2

Gauge oesnot register 6-C 1Gauge perates rratically 6-C 2auge peratesully pegged 6-C 3

No air coming romair conditioner ents 7-A, 1Air conditioner lowswarmair 7-A, 2Water ollectson he nterior loor when heair conditioners usedAir conditioner asa moldyodorwhenused 7-A, 37-A, 4

BlowermotordoesnotoperateHeater lowscool air 7-B, 17-B, 2


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DIAGhUSTIC ROCEDURES

turns over, but wilt not startuel evel n fuel ank,add uel f empty.k attery ondition ndstateof charge.f voltage nd oad estbelow pecifica-tion, charge r replace attery.erminal ndcable ondition nd ightness. lean erminals nd eplacedamaged, ornor corroded ables.ueldelivery ystem. f fuel s not reachinghe uel njectors, heck or a looseelectrical onnector r defectiveuse, elayor fuelpumpand eplace s necessary.mayhaveexcessive earor mechanical amage uchas ow cylinder rankingpressure, broken amshaft rivesystem,nsufficient alveclearance r bent alves.or fuelcontaminationuchas water n the uel.Duringwintermonths,hewa-ter may reeze ndcause fuel estriction. dding fueladditivemayhelp,howeverthe uelsystemmay equire raining ndpurgingwith resh uel.or ignitionsystemailure.Check or looseor shortedwiresor damagedgni-tion system omponents. heck hesparkplugs or excessive earor incorrect lec-trodegap. f he problems worse n wetweather, heck or shortsbetweenhesparkplugsand he gnitioncoils.enginemanagementystem or a failedsensor r controlmodule.

battery tateof charge ndcondition. f the dash ightsarenotvisible orverydim when urning he gnitionkeyon, he battery aseither ailed nternally rdischarged,he battery ables re oose,excessively orroded r damaged,r theal-ternator as ailedor internally horted, ischarginghebattery.Charge r replacethebattery, leanor replacehe battery ables, ndcheck healternator utput.he operation f theneutral afety witch.Onautomaticransmission ehicles,try starting hevehicle n bothParkandNeutral.Onmanualransmission ehicles, e-press heclutchpedal ndattempto start.Onsomevehicles,hese witches anbeadjusted.Makesure heswitches r wire connectors re not ooseor damaged. e-placeor adjust heswitches s necessary.hestartermotor, tarter olenoid r relay, ndstartermotorcables ndwires.Check heground rom heengine o thechassis.Makesure hewiresarenot oose,damaged,r corroded.f battery oltages present t hestarter elay, ry usinga re-motestarter o start hevehicle or testpurposes nly.Replace nydamaged r cor-roded ables,n addition o replacing ny ailedcomponents.engineor seizure.f theengine asnot been tartedor a longperiodoftime, nternal arts uchas he ringsmayhave ustedo thecylinderwalls.Theenginemayhave ufferednternal amage, r couldbe hydro-lockedrom ngesting ater.Removehesparkplugsandcarefully ttempto rotate heengine singa suitablebreaker arandsocket n hecrankshaft ulley. f theengines resistanto moving,ormoves lightlyand henbinds,do not orce heengine ny urtherbefore eterminingthe problem.stalls immediately when startedhe gnitionswitchcondition ndoperation. heelectrical ontactsn the runpositionmaybewornor damaged. ry restartingheenginewith all electrical cces-sories n theoff position.Sometimesurning hekeyon an off will help n emergency

situations, owever nce heswitchhasshown ignsof failure, t shouldbe replacedas soonas possible.or loose, orroded, amaged r shortedwires or he gnitionsystem nd e-pairor replace. eaksor vacuum ose eakage nd epairor replace artsas necessary.he uelpumpdelivery olumeandpressure. ow ue lpumppressure analso be noticed s a lackof powerwhenaccelerating. akesure he uel pump inesare not restricted. he uelpumpoutput s notadjustable nd equiresuelpump e-placemento repair.engine ueland gnitionmanagementystem. nspecthesensorwiringandelectrical onnectors. dirty, ooseor damagedensoror controlmodulewire cansimulate failedcomponent.heexhaust ystem or interna l estrictions.

startermotor or a seized r b indingpiniongear.he lywheelnspection lateandcheck or a damageding gear.s difficult to start when Goldbattery ondition, attery tateof charge ndstartermotorcurrent raw.Re-

b. Checkhe battery able ondition.Clean he batteryerminals nd eplace orroded rdamaged ables.c. Checkhe uelsystem or properoperation. fuel pumpwith nsufficientuelpressuror cloggednjectors houldbe replaced.d. Checkheenginesune-up tatus.Note he une-up pecifications ndcheck or itemssuchas severelywornsparkplugs; djustor replace s needed. nvehicleswithmanually djus ted alveclearances,heck or ightvalvesandadjust o specification.e. Check or a ailedcoolant emperatureensor, nd eplacef outof specification.f. Check heoperation f heenginemanagementystemsor ueland gnition; epairorreplaceailedcomponentss necessary.6. En#ine is ditticutt to start when hota. Check heair filterandair intake ystem.Replaceheair filter f it is dirty or contami-nated.Checkhe reshair intake ystem or restrictions r blockage.b. Checkor looseor deterioratedngine rounds ndclean, ighten r replace sneeded.c. Checkor neededmaintenance.nspectune-up ndservice elatedtemssuchassparkplugsandengine il condition, ndcheck heoperation f heengine uelandignitionmanagementystem.Diesel Engines1. Engine turns over but wont starta. Check ngine tarting rocedure nd estart ngine.b. Checkheglowplugoperation nd epairor replace s necessary.c. Check or air in the uelsystem r fuel ilter andbleed heair as necessary.d. Check he ueldelivery ystem nd epairor replace s necessary.e. Check uel evelandadd uelas needed.f. Check uelquality. f the uel s contaminated,rainand lush he uel ank.g. Check ngine ompression.f compressions belowspecification,heenginemayneed o be enewed r replaced.h. Check he njection ump imingandset o specification.i. Check he njection umpcondition nd eplace s necessary.j. Check he uelnozzle peration ndcondition r replace s necessary.2. Engine does hot turn over when attempting to starta. Check he battery tateof charge ndcondition. f he dash ightsare notvisibleorverydim when urning he gnitionkeyon, he battery aseither ailed nternally rdischarged,he battery ables re oose, xcessively orroded r damaged, r theal-ternator as ailedor internally horted, ischarginghe battery. harge r replacehebattery, leanor replacehe battery ables, ndcheck healternator utput.b. Checkheoperation f he neutral afety witch.Onautomaticransmission ehicles,try startinghevehicle n bothParkandNeutral.Onmanualransmission ehicles, e-press heclutchpedal ndattempto start.Onsomevehicles,hese witches anbeadjusted. akesure heswitches r wire connectors re not ooseor damaged. e-placeor adjust heswitches s necessary.c. Checkhe startermotor,starter olenoid r relay, ndstartermotorcables ndwires.Check heground rom heengine o thechassis.Makesure hewiresarenot oose,damaged, r corroded.f battery oltages present t hestarter elay, ry usinga re-motestarter o start hevehicle or estpurposes nly.Replace nydamaged r cor-roded ables,n addition o replacing ny ailedcomponents.d. Checkheengineor seizure.f theengine asnot been tartedor a longperiodoftime, nternal arts uchas he ingsmayhave ustedo thecylinderwalls.Theenginemayhave ufferednternal amage, r couldbe hydro-lockedrom ngesting ater.Removehe njectors ndcarefully ttempto rotate heengine singa suitablebreaker arandsocketon hecrankshaft ulley. f heengine s resistanto moving,ormovesslightlyand henbinds,do not orce heengine ny urtherbefore eterminingthecause f he problem.3. Engine stalls afier startinga. Check or a restrictionn the uel return ineor the return inecheck alveand epairasnecessary.b. Checkhe glowplugoperationor urning heglowplugsoff oo soonand epairasnecessary.c. Check or incorrectnjection ump imingand eset o specification.d. Test heengineuel pump nd eplacef theoutput s below pecification.e. Check or contaminatedr incorrectuel.Completelylush he uelsystem nd eplace

with resh uel.f. Test he engines ompressionor lowcompression.f below pecification, echanicarepairs re necessaryo repair.g. Check or air in the uel.Check uel ank ueland ill as needed.


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TROUBLESHOOiNG1-74. Startermotorspins,butdoesnotengagea. Check hestartermotor or a seized r binding iniongear.b. Removehe lywheelnspection lateandcheck or a damageding gear.

Gasoline Engines1. Engine runs poor/y, hesiiatesa. Check heengine gnitionsystem peration ndadjust f possible, r replace efectiveparts.b. Check or restricteduel njectors nd eplace s necessary.c. Check he uelpumpoutput nddelivery. nspectuel ines or restrictions.f the uelpumppressures below pecification,eplacehe uelpump.d. Check heoperation f heenginemanagementystem nd epairas necessary.2. Enfline lacks powera. Check heenginesune-up tatus.Note he une-up pecificationsndcheck or itemssuchas severelywornsparkplugs; djustor replace s needed. nvehicleswithmanually djusted alveclearances,heck or tightvalvesandadjust o specification.b. Check heair ilter andair intake ystem.Replaceheair filter f it is dirtyor contami-nated.Checkhe reshair intake ystemor restrictions r blockage.c. Checkhe operation f theengineueland gnitionmanagementystems. heck hesensoroperation ndwiring.Check or low uelpumppressure nd epairor replacecomponentss necessary.d. Checkhe hrottle inkage djustments. heck o make ure he inkages fully open-ing he hrottle.Replace nywornor defective ushings r linkages.e. Check or a restricted xhaust ystem.Check or bentor crimped xhaust ipes,or in-ternally estrictedmufflers r catalytic onverters. omparenletandoutlet empera-tures or heconverter r muffler. f he nlet s hot,butoutletcold, hecomponentsrestricted.f. Check or a looseor defective nock ensor.A loose, mproperlyorqued r defectiveknock ensorwill decreaseparkadvance nd educe ower.Replace efective nocksensors nd nstallusing he recommendedorque pecification.g. Check or enginemechanicalonditions uchas ow compression, ornpiston ings,wornvalves,worncamshafts nd elated arts.An enginewhichhasseveremechani-calwear,or hassufferednternalmechanical amagemustbe rebuiltor replacedo re-store ostpower.h. Check heengine il level or beingoverfilled. djust heengines il level,or changetheengine il and ilter,and op off o thecorrect evel.i. Check or an ntakemanifold r vacuum ose eak.Replaceeaking askets r wornvacuum oses.j. Checkor dragging rakes nd eplace r repairas necessary.k. Check ire air pressure nd ire wear.Adjust he pressureo the recommendedet-tings.Check he ire wear or possible lignment roblems ausingncreasedollingresistance, ecreasedccelerationnd ncreaseduelusage.I. Check heoctane atingof he ue l usedduring efilling,andusea higheroctane atedfuel.3. Poor fuel economya. Inspectheair ilter andcheck or anyair restrictions oing nto heair filter housing.Replaceheair ilter f it is dirty or contaminated.b. Checkheengine or une-up nd elated djustments. eplace orn gnitionparts,check heenginegnition imingand uelmixture, ndset o specificationsf possible.c. Check he ire size, ire wear,alignment nd ire pressure. arge irescreatemorerolling esistance,maller ires requiremoreengine peedo maintain vehicles oad

speed.Excessiveire wearcanbecaused y ncorrectire pressure,ncorrectwheelalignment r a suspension roblem. ll of these onditions reate ncreasedollingresistance,ausingheengine o work hardero acceleratendmaintain vehiclesspeed.d. Inspecthe brakesor binding r excessive rag.A stickingbrake aliper, verlyad-justedbrake hoe,broken rake hoe eturn pring,or binding arking rake ableorlinkage ancreate significant rag,brakewearand ossof fueleconomy.Check hebrake ystem peration nd epairas necessary.4. Engine runs on (diesels) when turned offa. Check or idlespeed et oo highand eadjusto specification.b. Check heoperation f he dlecontrolvalve,and eplacef defective.c. Check he gnition imingandadjust o recommendedettings.Checkor defectivesensors r related omponents nd eplacef defective.d. Check or a vacuumeakat he ntakemanifold r vacuum oseand eplace efectivegaskets r hoses.e. Check heengineor excessive arbon uild-up n thecombustion hamber. searecommendedecarbonizingueladditiveor disassemblehecylinder ead o removethecarbon.f. Check heoperation f heengineuel managementystem nd eplace efective en-

5. Engine knocks and pinfls during heavy accele/ation, and on steep hillsa. Checkhe octane atingof the uel used uring efilling,andusea higher ctane atefuel.b. Check he gnition imingandadjust o recommendedettings.Check or defectivesensors r related omponentsnd eplacef defective.c. Check heengine or excessive arbon uild-up n thecombustion hamber. searecommendedecarbonizingueladditive r disassemblehecylinder ead o remothecarbon.d. Check hesparkplugs or thecorrect ype,electrode apandheat ange.Replace oor damagedparkplugs.Forsevere r continuous ighspeed se, nstalla sparkplthat s oneheat ange older.e. Checkhe operation f heengineuelmanagementystem nd eplace efective ensorsor controlunits.f. Checkor a restricted xhaust ystem.Check or bentor crimped xhaust ipes,or internally estrictedmufflers r catalytic onverters. omparenletandoutlet emperatures or heconverter r muffler. f the nlet s hot,butoutlet old, hecomponentsrestricted.6. Engine atxelerates, but vehicle does not gain speeda. Onmanualransmission ehicles, heck or causes f a slipping lutch.Refer o theclutch roubleshootingection or additionalnformation.b. Onautomaticransmission ehicles, heck or a slipping ransmission heckhetransmissionluid evelandcondition. f he luid evel s too high,adjust o thecor-rect evel. f he luid evel s low, op off using he recommendedluid ype. f the luexhibitsa burning dor, he ransmission asbeen lipping nternally. hanginghe

fluid and ilter mayhelp emporarily, owevern this situation transmissionmay equireoverhaulingo ensureong-term eliability.Diesel Engines1. Engine runs pOOr!ya. Checkhe njection ump imingandadjust o specification.b. Checkor air in the uel inesor leaks, ndbleed heair from he uelsystem.c. Checkhe ue l ilter, uel eedand eturn ines or a restriction nd epairas necessad. Checkhe uel or contamination,rainand lush he uel ankand eplenish ith refuel.2. Enfline lacks powera. nspectheair intake ystem ndair filter or restrictions nd, f necessary,eplacehair filter.b. Verify he njection ump imingand eset f out of specification.c. Checkheexhaustor an nternal estriction nd eplaceailedparts.d. Check or a restricteduel ilterand, f restricted,eplacehe ilter.e. nspecthe ue l iller capvent. When emovinghe iller cap, isten or excessive ising noises ndicating blockagen the uel iller capvents, f the iller capventsareblocked,eplacehe cap.f. Checkhe uelsystem or restrictions nd epairas necessary.g. Check or lowengine ompression nd nspector externaleakage t heglow plugor nozzles.f no externaleakages noted, epairor replaceheengine.

ENGINEPERFORMANCE ROUBLESHOOTINGINTSWhen roubleshootingn engine unning r performanceondition,he mechanicacondition f theengine houldbedetermined efore engthyroubleshootingroceduare performed.Theengineuel managementystemsn uel njected ehicles elyon electronic ensors o provide nformationo theengine ontrolunit or preciseuelmetering. nlikecarburetors, hichuse he ncoming ir speed o draw uel hroughhe uelmeteringein order o providea proper uel-to-air atio,a fuel njection ystem rovides specificamount f uelwhich s introduced y he ue l njectorsnto he ntakemanifold r intaport,based n he nformation rovided y electronic ensors.Thesensorsmonitor heengines peratingemperature,mbientemperaturend hamount f air enteringheengine, ngine peed nd hrottleposition o provide nformtion o theengine ontrolunit,which, n turn,operateshe ue l njectors y electricalpulses. hesensors rovide nformationo theengine ontrolunitusing owvoltageelectrical ignals.As a result, n unpluggedensor r a poorelectrical ontact ouldcause poor unning ondition imilar o a failedsensor.When roubleshootingfuel elated ngine ondition n uel njected ehicles, arefully nspecthewiringandelectrical onnectorso the elated omponents. akesuretheelectrical onnectors re ully connected,leanandnotphysically amaged.f necsary,clean heelectrical ontacts singelectrical ontact leaner. heuseof cleaningagents otspecifically esignedor electrical ontacts houldnot be used, s heycouleave surfaceilm or damagehe nsulation f hewiring.Theengine lectrical ystem rovideshe necessarylectrical ower o operatehevhicleselectrical ccessories,lectronic ontrolunitsandsensors. ecause nginemaagement ystems resensitiveo voltage hanges, n alternator hichoveror under-charges ouldcause ngine unning roblems r componentailure.Most alternators


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11-8 TROUBLESHOOTINGIgnitionsystemsmaybecontrolled y,or linked o, he engineuelmanagementys-tem.Similar o the uel njection ystem,hese gnitionsystems elyon electronic en-sors or informationo determineheoptimum gnition iming or a givenengine peedand oad.Some gnitionsystems o onger llow he gnition iming o beadjusted.Feedbackrom ow voltage lectrical ensors rovide nformationo thecontrolunit odetermineheamount f ignitionadvance. n hese ystems,f a failureoccurs he ailedcomponent ustbe eplaced. efore eplacing uspectedailedelectrical omponents,carefullynspecthewiringandelectrical onnectorso the elated omponents. akesure heelectrical onnectors re ullyconnected,leanandnot physically amaged.fnecessary,lean heelectrical ontacts singelectrical ontact leaner. heuseof clean-

ing agents otspecifically esignedor electrical ontacts houldbeavoided, s heycould eavea surfaceilm or damagehe nsulation f hewiring.

1. Engine makes a knocking or pinging noise when acceleratinga. Check heoctane atingof he uelbeingused.Dependingn he ypeof drivingordrivingconditions,t maybenecessaryo usea higher ctaneuel.b. Verify he gnitionsystem ettings ndoperation.mproperly djustedgnition imingor a ailedcomponent,uchas a knocksensor,maycause he gnition iming o ad-vanceexcessively r prematurely. heckhe gnitionsystem peration ndadjust, rreplace omponentss needed.c. Check hesparkpluggap,heat ange ndcondition. f hevehicle s operatedn se-vereoperating onditions r at continuous ighspeeds, sea colderheat ange parkplug.Adjust hesparkpluggap o the manufacturersecommendedpecification ndreplacewornor damagedparkplugs.2. Sfarter motor grinds when useda. Examinehestarter iniongearand heengine ing gear or damage, nd eplace am-agedparts.b. Checkhestartermounting oltsandhousing.f the housings cracked r damagedreplacehestartermotorandcheck he mounting o lts or ightness.

3. Engine makes a screeching noisea. Check heaccessory rive belts or looseness ndadjust s necessary.b. Check heaccessory rive belt ensionersor seizing r excessive earing oisesandreplacef loose,binding, r excessively oisy.c. Check or a seizingwaterpump. hepumpmaynot be eaking; owever,hebearingmaybe aultyor the mpeller ooseand ammed.Replacehewaterpump.4. Engine makes a growling noisea. Checkor a looseor failingwaterpump.Replacehe pumpandengine oolant.b. Check heaccessory rivebelt ensionersor excessive earing oises nd eplaceflooseor excessively oisy.5. Engine makes a ticking or tapping noisea. Onvehicleswith hydraulicashadjusters, heck or low or dirtyengine il and op offor replaceheengine il and ilter.b. Onvehicleswith hydraulicashadjusters,heck or collapsediftersand eplaceailedcomponents.c. Onvehicleswith hydraulicashadjusters,heck or ow oil pressure aused y a re-stricted il filter,wornengine il pump, r oil pressureeliefvalve.d. Onvehicleswith manually djusted alves, heck or excessive alveclearance rwornvalve rainparts.Adjust hevalves o specification r replace ornanddefectiveparts.e. Check or a looseor improperlyensionedimingbeltor timingchainandadjustor re-placepartsas necessary.f. Checkor a bentor stickingexhaust r intake alve.Removeheengine ylinder ead

to access nd eplace.6. Engine makes a heavy knocking noisea. Check or a loosecrankshaft ulleyor flywheel;eplace nd orque hemountingbolt(s) o specification.b. Check or a bentconnectingod caused y a hydro-lock ondition.Engine isassem-bly s necessaryo inspector damaged ndneededeplacementarts.c. Checkor excessive ngine od bearingwearor damage. hiscondition s alsoasso-ciatedwith ow engine il pressure ndwill require ngine isassemblyo inspectordamaged ndneededeplacementarts,

a fuel odor when driven a. Check he uelgaugeevel. f the uelgauge egistersull, t is possiblehat heodor scaused y being illedbeyond apacity, r somespillage ccurred uring efueling.Theodorshould learafterdrivingan hour,or twentymiles,allowing hevaporcanis-ter o purge.he uel iller cap or looseness r seepage. heck hecap ightness nd, floose,properly ecure. f seepages noted, eplacehe iller cap.c. Check or loosehose lamps, racked r damagedueldelivery nd eturn ines,or

d. Checkhevehiclesueleconomy.f fuelconsumption as ncreased ue o a failedcomponent,r if the uel s not properlygnited ue o an gnition elatedailure, hecatalytic onvertermaybecome ontaminated.his conditionmayalso rigger hecheck nginewarning ight.Check hesparkplugs or a dark, ich condition r verifythecondition y esting hevehicles missions.Replaceuel ouled parkplugs, ndtestand eplaceailedcomponentss necessary.5. Vehicle has a rotten egg odor when drivena. Check or a leakingntake asket r vacuum eakcausing lean unning ondition.Aleanmixturemay esult n increased xhaustemperatures,ausinghecatalytic on-verter o run hotter hannormal. his conditionmayalso rigger hecheck ngine

warning ight.Check nd epair hevacuum eaks s necessary.b. Checkhevehicles lternator ndbattery ondition. f thealternators overchargingthe battery lectrolyte anbe boiled rom he battery, nd hebattery asingmaybegto crack, wellor bulge, amaging r shorting hebatterynternally.f this hasoc-curred, eutralizehe batterymounting reawith a suitable aking odaandwatermixtureor equivalent, nd eplacehealternator r voltage egulator.nspect, erviceand oad est hebattery, nd eplacef necessary.9. Vehicle has a sweet odor when drivena. Check or anengine oolant eakcaused ya seeping adiator ap, oosehoseclampweeping ooling ystem eal,gasket r coolingsystem oseand eplace r repairasneeded.b. Check or a coolanteak rom he adiator, oolant eservoir, eater ontrolvalveorunder hedashboardrom heheater ore,and eplacehe ailedpartas necessary.c. Check heengines xhaustor whitesmoke n addition o a sweet dor.Thepresencof white,steamy mokewitha sweetodor ndicates oolant eakingnto hecombustion chamber. ossible ausesnclude failedhead asket, racked ngine lockorcylinder ead.Other ymptoms f this condition nclude whitepaste uild-up n hinsideof theoil filler cap,andsoftened, eformed r bulging adiator oses.19. Engine vibraies when idlinga. Check or loose, ollapsed, r damaged ngine r transmissionmounts nd epairorreplace s necessary.b. Check or looseor damaged ngine oversor shields ndsecure r replace s necessary.11. Engine vibrates during accelerationa. Checkor missing, ooseor damaged xhaust ystem angers ndmounts; eplace repairas necessary.b. Check heexhaust ystem outingand it for adequatelearance r potential ubbingrepairor adjust s necessary.

7. Battery goes dead while drivinga. Checkhe battery ondition.Replacehe batteryf the battery ill notholda charge rfailsa batteryoad est. f the batteryoses luid whiledriving,check or an overcharging condition. f thealternators overcharging,eplacehealternator r voltage egultor. (A voltage egulators typicallybuilt nto healternator, ecessitatinglternatoreplacement r overhaul.)b. Check he battery able ondition.Clean r replace orroded ables ndclean hebattery erminals.c. Checkhealternator ndvoltage egulator peration.f thecharging ystem s over orundercharging,eplacehealternator r voltage egulator, r both.d. Inspecthewiringandwire connectors t healternatoror looseness, missing ground r defectiveerminal, nd epairas necessary.e. Inspecthealternator rive belt ension,ensioners ndcondition.Properlyension hdrivebelt, eplace eakor broken ensioners, nd eplacehedrivebelt f wornorcracked.2. Battery goes dead overnighta. Checkhe battery ondition.Replacehe batteryf the battery ill notholda charge rfailsa batteryoad est.b. Checkor a voltage raw, uchas a trunk ight, nterior ightor glovebox ightstayinon. Check ightswitchpositionandoperation, nd eplacef defective.c. Checkhealternatoror an nternallyaileddiode,and eplacehealternatorf defec-tive.

1. Engine overheatsa. Checkhecoolant evel.Set he heateremperatureo full hotandcheck or internal ipockets, leed hecoolingsystem nd nspector leakage. opoff hecoolingsystemwith hecorrect oolantmixture.b. Pressureest hecoolingsystem nd adiator ap or leaks.Checkor seepageauseby oosehoseclamps,ailedcoolant oses, ndcoolingsystem omponentsuchas


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TROUBLESHOOTING1-c. Onvehicleswith electrically ontrolled ooling ans, heck hecooling anoperation.Check or blown usesor defectiveanmotors, emperatureensors nd elays, ndreplaceailedcomponents.d. Check or a coolant eakcaused y a failedheadgasket, r a porouswater acket ast-ing n thecylinderhead r engine lock.Replace efective artsas necessary.e. Checkor an nternallyestrictedadiator. lush he adiator r replacef the blockageis too severe or lushing.f. Checkor a damaged aterpump. f coolant irculations poor,check or a loosewa-ter pump mpeller. f he mpellers loose, eplacehewaterpump.2. Engineosescoolanta. Pressureest hecoolingsystem nd adiator ap or leaks.Check or seepage ausedby oosehoseclamps,ailedcoolant oses, ndcoolingsystem omponentsuchasthe heater ontrolvalve,heater ore, adiator, adiator ap,andwaterpump.Replacedefective artsand ill thecoolingsystemwith he ecommendedoolantmixture.b. Check or a coolant eakcaused y a failedhead asket, r a porouswater acket ast-ing n thecylinder ead r engine lock.Replace efective artsas necessary.3. Engine temperature remains co/d when drivinga. Checkhe hermostat peration. eplacehe hermostatf it sticks n he openposi-tion.b. Onvehicleswith electrically ontrolled ooling ans ,check he cooling an operation.Check or defectiveemperatureensors ndstuck elays, nd eplaceailedcompo-nents.c. Checkemperatureauge perationf equippedo verifyproperoperation f thegauge.Checkhesensors ndwiring or defects, nd epairor replace efective om-ponents.4. Engine runs hota. Check or an nternallyestrictedadiator. lush he radiator r replacef the blockageis too severe or lushing.b. Check or a looseor slippingwaterpumpdrivebelt. nspecthedrive beltcondition.Replacehe belt f brittle, racked r damaged. heck hepulley ondition ndprop-erly ension hebelt.c. Checkhecooling anoperation. eplace efectivean motors, ensors r relays snecessary.d. Check emperatureauge perationf equippedo verifyproperoperation f hegauge.Checkhesensors ndwiring or defects, nd epairor replace efective om-ponents.e. Check hecoolantevel.Set heheateremperatureo full hot,check or internal irpockets, leed hecoolingsystem nd nspector leakage. op off hecoolingsystemwith hecorrect oolantmixture.Onceheengines cool, recheckhe luid eveland

top off as needed.NOTE:The engine cooling system can also be affected by an engines me-chanical condition. A failed head gasket or a porous casting in the engineblock or cylinder head could cause a loss of coolant and result in engineoverheating.Some oolingsystems elyon electrically rivencooling ans o cool he adiator nduseelectricalemperatureensors nd elays o operatehecooling an.When iagnos-ing hese ystems, heck or blown uses, amaged iresandverify hat heelectricalconnections re u llyconnected,leanandnot physically amaged.f necessary,leantheelectrical ontacts singelectrical ontact leaner. heuseof cleaninggents not

specifically esignedor electrical ontacts ould eave film or damagehe nsulatiothewiring.

1. Exhaust rattles at idle speeda. Checkheengine nd ransmissionmounts nd eplacemounts howing ignsofdamage r wear.b. Check heexhaust angers, rackets ndmounts.Replace roken,missingor damagedmounts.c. Check or internal amageo mufflers ndcatalytic onverters. hebroken iecesthedefective omponent ay ravel n thedirection f theexhaustlow andcollectand/orcreate blockagen a component ther han heonewhich ailed, ausinggine unning ndstallingproblems. nother ymptom f a restricted xhausts lowenginemanifold acuum.Removeheexhaust ystem ndcarefully emove ny ooor broken ieces,hen eplace ny ailedor damaged artsas necessary.d. Checkheexhaust ystem learance,outing ndalignment.f theexhausts makicontactwith hevehicle n anymanner,oosen nd epositionheexhaust ystem.2. Exhaust system vibrates when drivinga. Check heexhaust angers, rackets ndmounts.Replace roken,missingor damagedmounts.b. Checkheexhaust ystem learance,outing ndalignment.f theexhausts makicontactwith hevehicle n anymanner, heck or bentor damagedomponentsnreplace,hen oosen nd epositionheexhaust ystem.c. Check or internal amageo mufflers ndcatalytic onverters. hebroken iecesthedefective omponentmay ravel n thedirection f theexhaustlow andcollectand/orcreate blockagen a component ther han he onewhich ailed, ausinggine unning ndstallingproblems. nother ymptom f a restricted xhausts lowenginemanifold acuum.Removeheexhaust ystem ndcarefully emove ny ooor broken ieces,hen eplace ny ailedor damaged artsas necessary.3. Exhaust system hangs too lowa. Checkheexhaust angers, rackets ndmounts.Replace roken,missingor damagedmounts.b. Checkheexhaust outingandalignment. heck nd eplace entor damagedomponents.f theexhausts not routed roperly,oosen nd epositionheexhaust ytern.4. Exhaust sounds louda. Check hesystemor looseness nd eaks.Checkheexhaust ipes, lamps,langboltsandmanifoldastenersor tightness. heck nd eplace ny ailedgaskets.b. Check nd eplace xhaust ilencershathavea lossof efficiency ue o internallbroken affles r wornpackingmaterial.c. Checkor missingmufflers ndsilencershathavebeen eplaced ith straight ipor with non-original quipmentilencers.NOTE:Exhaust system rattles, vibration and proper alignment should nobe overlooked. Excessive vibration caused by collapsed engine mounts,damaged or missing exhaust hangers and misalignment may cause surfacracks and broken welds, creating exhaust leaks or internal damage to ehaust components such as the catalytic converter, creating a restriction exhaustlow and loss of power.

1. Transmission shit& erraticallya. Check nd f notwithin he recommendedange, ddor remove ransmissionluid oobtain hecorrect luid evel.Alwaysuse he recommendedluid ypewhenaddingtransmissionluid.b. Check he lu id evelcondition. f the luid hasbecome ontaminated,atiguedromexcessive eator exhibitsa burning dor,changehe ransmissionluid and ilter us-ing he recommendedypeandamount f luid.A fluid whichexhibitsa burning dorindicateshat he ransmission asbeen lipping nternally ndmay equireuture e-pairs.c. Check or an mproperlynstalledransmissionilter,or missing ilter gasket, nd e-pairas necessary.d. Check or looseor leaking askets, ressureinesand ittings,and epairor replace snecessary.e. Check or looseor disconnectedhiftand hrottle inkages r vacuum oses, nd e-pair as necessary. ,2. Transmission will not engage

b. Checkor a loss of ransmissionluid and op off as needed ith he recommendfluid.c. If the ransmission oesnotengage ith heshift inkage orrectlynstalled nd hproper luid evel, nternal amage as ikelyoccurred,equiringransmissionemanddisassembly.3. Transmission will not downshift during heavy accelerationa. Oncomputer ontrolledransmissions,heck or failedsensors r controlunitsanrepairor replace efective omponents.b. Onvehicleswith kickdowninkages r vacuum ervos, heck or proper inkage djustment r leaking acuum osesor servounits.NOTE:Mlany automatic transmissions use an electronic control module,electrical sensors and solenoids to control transmission shifting. Whentroubleshooting a vehicle with this type of system, be sure the electricalconnectors are fully connected, clean and not physically damaged. If neessary, clean the electrical contacts using electrical contact cleaner. Thuse of cleaning agents not specifically designed for electrical contactscould leave a film or damage the insulation of the wiring.


10/16

clutch elease ystem.Onclutches ith a mechanicalr cable inkage,check headjustment. djust heclutchpedal o have1 inch 25mm)of ree-play tthe pedal.f theclutch elease ystems hydraulically perated,heck he lu id eveland, f low,top off using he recommendedypeandamount f fluid. ,orn.Removeransmission nd eplace ynchronizers.lidingsleeveworn.Removeransmission nd eplace lidingsleeve.Gear ngagementogswornor damaged. emoveransmission nd eplace ear.

Transmission jumps out of gearshaftdetent pringsworn.Replacehiftdetent prings.lidingsleeveworn.Removeransmission nd eplace lidingsleeve.Gear ngagementogswornor damaged. emoveransmission nd eplace ear.hrustbearings orn.Remove ngine ndcrankshaft,nd epairas neces-sary.clutchadjustmentnd, f notproperly djusted, djust o specification.orn.Removeransmission nd eplace ynchronizers.Removeransmission nd eplace ilot bearing.Disassembleheshift inkage,eplacewornor dam-agedbushings,ubricate nd einstall.

he luid evel or an overfilled ondition.Adjust he luid evel o specification.restrictedransmission entor breatherube.Clear he blockage s neces-saryandcheck he luid evel. f necessary,op off with he recommendedubricant.or a porous asting,eaking ealor gasket.Replace efective artsand op offthe luid evelwith he ecommendedubricant.

slips on hills or during sudden accelerationpedal ree-play. djust lutch inkage r cable o allowabout1 inch 25mm)of pedal ree-play.Clutch iscwornor severely amaged. emove ngine r transmission nd eplaceclutchdisc.ressure late s weak.Remove ngine r ransmission nd eplaceheclutchpressure lateandclutchdisc.pressure lateand/or lywheelncorrectlymachined.f heclutch ystem asbeen ecentlyeplaced nd ebuilt,or refurbished artshavebeen sed, t is possiblethat hemachined urfaces ecreasedheclutch lampingorce.Replace efectivepartswith new eplacementarts.

clutch eleasemechanism. heck or stretched ables,worn inkages rfailedclutchhydraulics nd eplace efective arts.Onhydraulically perated lutchreleasemechanisms,heck or air in the hydraulic ystem ndbleed s necessary.r fatigued lutch elease rm or release rm pivot.Re-placedefective artsandproperly ubricate ponassembly.hubdamper r damper pring.Thebroken arts end obecomeodged etweenheclutchdisc and hepressure late.Disassemblelutchsystem nd eplaceailedparts.or a seized lutchpilot bearing.Disassembleheclutch ssembly nd eplacethe defective arts. disc.Check or warpage r liningthicknessesarger hanoriginalequipment.Clutch is noisy when the clutch pedal is pressedheclutchpedal topandpedal ree-play djustmentor excessivemovementandadjust s necessary.or damagedelease earing.f thenoiseceaseswhen hepedal s re-leased,he elease earing houldbe replaced.heengine rankshaftxial play. f hecrankshafthrustbearings rewornordamaged,hecrankshaft ill movewhenpressingheclutchpedal. heenginemustbe disassembledo replacehecrankshafthrustbearings.

pedal extremely difficu lt to pressclutchpedal ivotsand inkagesor binding.Clean nd ubricateinkages.cableactuated lutch ystems, heck hecable outingandcondition.Replacekinked, rayed, amaged r corroded ables ndcheck able outing o avoidsharpbends.Check heengine round trap or poorconductivity.f heground trap smarginal,heengine ould ry o ground tselfvia theclutch able, ausing rematurefailure.

c. Onmechanicalinkage lutches, heck he inkageor bindingor misalignment.ubrcatepivotsor linkages nd epairas necessary.d. Checkhe release earing uide ubeand eleaseork or a lackof ubrication.nstallasmooth oating f high emperaturereaseo allowsmoothmovement f the eleasebearing ver heguide ube.5. Clutchpedal emains ownwhenpresseda, Onmechanicalinkage r cableactuated lutches, heck or a looseor disconnectedlink.b. Onhydraulicallyctuated lutches, heck he luid evelandcheck or a hydrauliceakat he clutch laveor master ylinder, r hydraulicine.Replaceailedpartsandbleedclutchhydraulic ystem. f no eakages noted,heclutchmaster ylindermayhavefailed nternally. eplaceheclutchmaster ylinder ndbleed heclutchhydraulic ystem.6. clutch chatters when engaginga. Check heengine lywheelor warpage r surface ariations nd eplace r repairasnecessary.b. Checkor a warped lutchdiscor damagedlutchdamper ub.Removeheclutchdiscand eplace.c. Check or a looseor damaged lutchpressure lateand eplace efective omponenNOTE:The clutch is actuated either by a mechanical linkage, cable or aclutch hydraulic system. The mechanical linkage and cable systems mayrequire the clutch pedal free-play to be adjusted as the clutch disc wears. Ahydraulic clutch system automatically adjusts as the clutch wears and, withthe exception of the clutch pedal height, no adjustment is possible.

1. Differential makes a low pitched rumbling noisea. Checkluid evel ypeandamount.Replacehe luidwith he ecommendedypeandamount f lubricant.b. Check hedifferential earingsor wearor damage. emovehe bearings,nspecthedriveanddrivengears or wearor damage, nd eplace omponentss necessary.2. Differential makes a howling noisea. Check luid evel ypeandamount.Replacehe luid with he recommendedypeandamount f lubricant.b. Check hedifferential riveanddrivengears or wearor damage, nd eplace ompo-nents s necessary.

All Wheel and Four Wheel Drive Vehicles1. Leaks fluid from seals or vent after being drivena. Fluid eveloverfilled.Check ndadjust ransfer ase luid evel.b. Check or a restricted reather r breatherube,clearandcheck he lu id eveland opoff as needed.c. Check ealcondition nd eplace orn,damaged, r defective eals.Checkhe luidleveland op off as necessary.2. Makes excessive noise while drivinga. Check he luid or hecorrect ypeof lubricant.Drainand efill using he recom-mendedypeandamount f lubricant.b. Check he luid evel.Topoff he luid using he ecommendedypeandamount f lu-bricant.c. If the lu id eveland ypeof lubricantmeet pecifications,heck or internalwearordamage. emove ssembly nddisassembleo inspector worn,damaged, r defec-tive components.3. Jumps out of geara. Stopvehicleandmake ure heunit s fullyengaged.b. Check or worn, ooseor an mproperly djustedinkage.Replace nd/oradjust ink-ageas necessary.c. Check or nternalwearor damage. emove ssembly nddisassembleo inspectorworn,damaged,r defective omponents.

Rear Wheel, All Wheel and Four Wheel Drive Vehicles1. Clunking noise from center of Vehicle shifting from forward to reversea. Wornuniversaloint. Remove riveshaft nd eplace niversaloint.2. Excessive vibration from center of vehicle when acceleratinga. Wornuniversaloint. Remove riveshaft nd eplace niversaloint.


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TROUBLESHOOTlNGll-misaligned. heck or collapsed r damaged ngine nd ransmissionmounts, nd eplace s necessary.or out of balance. eplace amagedomponentsnd einstall.of balance. emovehedriveshaft ndhave t balanced y a competentprofessional,r replacehedriveshaft ssembly.

Most driveshafts are linked together by universal joints; however,Velocity (CV) joints or rubber flex cou-

Wheel and Four Wheel Drive Vehiclesnoiseor debrissuchas a pebble, a il or glass n he ire or tire read.Carefullye-move hedebris.Small ocksandpebblesarely ause puncture; owever, sharpobject houldbe emoved arefully t a facilitycapable f performingire repairs.loose,damaged r worn Constant elocity CV) o int and eplacef defec-tive.

or a bent im and eplace,f damaged.he ires or balance r internal amage nd eplacef defective.wornor damaged heelbearing nd eplacef defective.damaged r worn Constant elocity CV) oint and eplacef defec-tive.

or debris uchas a pebble, ail or glass n the ire or tire read.Carefullye-move hedebris.Small ocksandpebblesarely ause puncture; owever, sharpobject houldbe emoved arefully t a facilitycapable f performingire repairs.damaged r wornConstant elocity CV) oint and eplacef defec-tive.

4. Rear wheel makes a clicking noisea. Check or debrissuchas a pebble, ail or glass n he ire or tire read.Carefullye-move hedebris.Small ocksandpebblesarely ause puncture; owever, sharpobject houldbe removed arefully t a facilitycapable f performingire repairs.Rear Wheel Drive Vehicles5. Front or rear wheel makes a clicking noisea. Checkor debrissuchas a pebble, ail or glass n the ire or tire read.Carefullye-

move hedebris.Small ocksandpebblesarely ause puncture; owever, sharpobject houldbe emoved arefully t a facilitycapable f performingire repairs.6. Rear wheel shudders or vibratesa. Check or a bent earwheelor axleassembly nd eplace efective omponents.b. Check or a loose,damaged r worn earwheelbearing nd eplace s necessary.

1. Burning odor from center of vehicle when acceleratinga. Check or a seizing rake ydraulic omponentuchas a brake aliper.Check hecaliperpiston or surface amage uchas rust,andmeasureor out-of-round earandcaliper-to-pistonlearance. oradditionalnformation n brake elated dors, e-fer o section -A, condition umber .b. Onvehicleswith a manualransmission,heck or a slippingclutch.Forpossiblecauses ndadditionalnformation,efer o section -C, condition umber .c. Onvehicleswith an automaticransmission,heck he lu id evelandcondition, opoff or changehe luidand ilter using he recommendedeplacementarts, ubricanttypeandamount. f theodorpersists,ransmissionemoval nddisassembly ill benecessary.2. Engine accelerates, but vehicle does not gain speeda. Onvehicleswith a manualransmission, heck or a slippingor damaged lutch.Forpossible auses ndadditionalnformationefer o sectionZ-C,condition umber .b. Onvehicleswith an automaticransmission,heck he luid evelandcondition. opoff or changehe luid and ilter using he ecommendedeplacementarts, ubricanttypeandamount. f theslipping ontinues,ransmissionemoval nddisassembly ilbe necessary.

e pedal pulsates or shimmies when pressedwheel ug nut orqueand ighten venly o specification.he brake otor or rueness nd hickness ariations.Replacehe otor f it istoo thin,warped, r if the hickness ariesbeyond pecification. ome otorscanbemachined: onsult he manufacturerspecifications nd ecommendationsefore s-ing a machined rake otor.brake aliperor caliperbracketmounting olt orqueand nspector loose-ness.Torque he mounting oltsand nspector wearor any ooseness,ncludingwornmounting rackets, ushings ndslidingpins.wheelbearingor looseness.f he bearings loose,adjust f possible, th-erwise eplacehe bearing.he brake otor or he presence f a ridgeon heouteredge;f present,emovethe ridgeor replacehebrake otorandbrake ads.or debris n he brake iningmaterial, lean nd einstall.wearand eplacehe brake inings f wear s approachingthe iningwear imit.brake inings or glazing.nspecthe brake rumor rotorsurface nd e-place, longwith he brake inings, f thesurfaces notsmoothor even.he brake ador shoemounting reas or a lackof lubricant r thepresence fsurface ust.Clean nd ubricate itha recommendedigh emperaturerake rease.

brake iningsandbrake urface reas or severewearor damage. eplacewornor damaged arts.or a seized r partially eized rake ausing remature r uneven rakewear,excessive eat ndbrake otoror drumdamage. eplace efective artsand nspectthewheelbearing ondition,whichcouldhavebeen amaged ue o excessive eat.Vehicle pulls to one side during brakingor air in he brake ydraulic ystem. nspecthebrake ydraulic eals, luid

bleedinghe brakes. esure o use reshbrake luid hatmeets hemanufacturersecommendedtandards.b. Check or an nternallyestrictedlexiblebrake ydraulic ose.Replacehehoseandflush he brake ystem.c. Check or a seizing rakehydraulic omponent uchas a brake aliper.Checkhecaliperpiston or surface amage uchas rust,andmeasureor out-of-round earandcaliper-to-pistonlearance. verhaul r replaceailedpartsand lush he brakesystem.d. Check hevehicles lignment nd nspector suspension ear.Replace ornbush-ings,ball ointsandsetalignmento themanufacturerspecifications.e. f thebrake ystem sesdrumbrakesrontor rear,check hebrake djustment.nspefor seized djusters ndcleanor replace,henproperly djust.5. Brake pedal feels spongy or has excessive travela. Check hebrake luid evelandcondition. f the luid s contaminatedr hasnot beenflushed very wo years, lean he master ylinder eservoir, ndbleed nd lush hebrakes sing reshbrake luid hatmeets he manufacturersecommendedtandardsb. Check or a weakor damagedlexiblebrake ydraulic ose.Replacehehoseandflush hebrake ystem.c. If he brake ystem sesdrumbrakesrontor rear,check hebrake djustment.nspefor seized djusters ndcleanor replace,henproperly djust.6. Brake pedal feel is firm, but brakes lack sufficient stopping power orfadea. Checkhe operation f the brake ooster ndbrake ooster heck alve:Replace ornor ailedparts.b. Check rake iningsandbrake urface reas or glazing nd eplacewornor damageparts.c. Check or seized ydraulic artsand inkages, ndcleanor replace s needed.7. Vehicle has excessive front end dive or locks rear brakes too easilya. Check or worn, ailedor seized rakeproportioningalveand eplacehevalve.b. Check or a seized, isconnectedr missing pringor linkageor thebrake ropor-tioningvalve.Replace issingpartsor repairas necessary.


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IJront Wheel or Wheel Bearing LooseAll Wheel and Four Wheel Drive Vehiclesa. Torque ug nutsandaxle nuts o specification nd echeckor looseness.b. Wheel earingwornor damaged. eplace heelbearing.FrontWheelDriveVehiclesa. Torque ug nutsandaxle nuts o specification nd echeckor looseness.b. Wheel earingwornor damaged. eplace heelbearing.Rear Wheel Drive Vehiclesa. Wheel earing utof adjustment. djustwheelbearingo specification;f still loose,replace.b. Torque ugnuts o specification nd echeckor looseness.c. Wheel earingwornor damaged. eplace heelbearing.2. Rear Wheel or Wheel Bearing LooseAll Wheel and Four Wheel Drive Vehiclesa. Torque ug nutsandaxlenuts o specification nd echeckor looseness.b. Wheel earingwornor damaged. eplace heelbearing.Front Wheel Drive Vehiclesa. Wheel earing ut of adjustment. djustwheelbearingo specification;f still loose,replace.b. Torque ugnuts o specification nd echeckor looseness.c. Wheel earingwornor damaged. eplace heelbearing.Rear Wheel Drive Vehiclesa. Torque ugnutsand o specification nd echeckor looseness.b. Wheel earingwornor damaged. eplace heelbearing.

11-12 TROUBLESHOOTING8. Brake pedal goes to floor when pressed and will not pump upa. Check hebrakehydraulicluid eveland nspecthe luid inesandseals or eakage.Repair r replaceeaking omponents,henbleed nd lush he brake ystem singfreshbrake luid hatmeets hemanufacturersecommendedtandards.b. Checkhe brake luid evel. nspecthe brake luid evelandbrake ydraulic eals. fthe luid evel s ok,and he brakehydraulic ystem s freeof hydrauliceaks, eplacethebrakemaster ylinder,henbleed nd lush he brake ystem sing reshbrakefluid hatmeets hemanufacturersecommendedtandards.9. Brakes produce a burning odora. Check or a seizing rakehydraulic omponent uchas a brake aliper.Check hecaliperpiston or surface amage uchas rust,andmeasureor out-of-round earandcaliper-to-pistonlearance. verhaul r replaceailedpartsand lush hebrakesystem.b. Check or an nternallyestrictedlexiblebrake ydraulic ose.Replacehe hoseandflush hebrake ystem.c. Check heparking rake eleasemechanism,eizedinkage r cable, nd epairasnecessary.

BRAKEPERFORMANCEROU5LESHOOTINc;IIVTSBrake ibrations r pulsation anoftenbediagnosed n a safeandcarefulestdriveA brake ibrationwhich s felt hroughhe brake edalwhilebraking, utnot elt n thesteeringwheel, s most ikelycaused y brake urface ariations n the earbrakes.fboth he brake edal ndsteeringwheel ibrateduringbraking, surface ariation n thfrontbrakes, r both rontand earbrakes,s very ikely.A brake edal hatpumps pwith repeated secanbecaused yair in thebrake y-draulic ystem r, f thevehicle s equipped ith reardrumbrakes,he brake djustersmaybeseized r out of adjustment. quick est or brake djustment n vehicleswithreardrumbrakess to pump hebrakepedal everal imeswith hevehicles ngine otrunning nd he parking rake eleased. ump he brake edal everalimesandcon-tinue o applypressureo the brake edal.Withpressure eingappliedo thebrakepedal, ngagehe parking rake.Releasehebrake edal ndquicklypress hebrakepedal gain. f thebrakepedal umped p, he rearbrakes re n needof adjustment. onotcompensateor he rearbrake djustment yadjustingheparking rake,hiswillcause remature rake iningwear.To esta vacuum rake ooster, ump he brake edal everalimeswith hevehicleengine ff.Applypressureo the brake edal nd henstart heengine. hebrake edashouldmovedownward boutone nch 25mm).

1. Tires worn on inside treada. Check lignmentor a toed-out ondition.Check ndset ire pressures ndproperlyadjust he oe.b. Check or worn,damaged r defective uspension omponents . eplace efectivepartsandadjust healignment.2. Tires worn on outside tread ea. Check lignmentor a toed-incondition.Check ndset ire pressures ndproperlyadjust he oe.b. Check or worn,damaged r defective uspension omponents. eplace efectivepartsandadjust healignment.3. Tires worn unevenlya. Checkhe ire pressure nd ire balance. eplace ornor defectiveiresandcheck healignment; djust f necessary.

b. Check or wornshockabsorbers. eplacedailedcomponents, ornor defectiveiresandcheck healignment; djust f necessary.c. Check healignment ettings.Check ndset ire pressures ndproperly djust healignmento specification.d. Check or worn,damaged r defective uspensionomponents. eplace efectivepartsandadjust healignmento specification,

1. Excessive play in steering wheela. Check hesteering ear ree-play djustment ndproperly djust o remove xcessivplay.b. Check hesteeringinkageor worn,damaged r defective arts.Replaceailedcom-ponents ndperform frontendalignment.c. Check or a worn,damaged,r defective teering ox, replacehesteering earandcheck he rontendalignment.

2. Steering wheel shakes at cruising speedsa. Check or a bent rontwheel.Replace damaged heel ndcheck he ire or possibinternal amage.b. Check or an unevenly orn ront ire. Replacehe ire,adjust ire pressure ndbal-ance.c. Check he ront ires or hidden nternal amage. ireswhichhaveencounteredargepot holesor suffered therhardblowsmayhavesustainednternal amage ndshouldbe replacedmmediately.d. Check he ront ires or an out-of-balanceondition.Remove, pinbalance nd ein-stall.Torque ll thewheelboltsor lugnuts o the ecommendedpecification.e. Checkor a loosewheelbearing.f possible, djust he bearing, r replacehe bearinif it is a non-adjustableearing.3. Steering wheel shakes when brakinga. Refer o section -A, conditionnumber .4. Steering wheel becomes stiff when turneda. Check hesteeringwheel ree-play d justmentnd eset s needed.b. Checkor a damaged teering earassembly. eplacehesteering earandperformfrontendalignment.c. Check or damaged r seized uspensionomponents. eplace efective omponenandperform frontendalignment.

1. Vehicle pulls to one sidea. Tire pressure neven. djust ire pressureo recommendedettings.b. Tireswornunevenly. eplaceiresandcheck lignment ettings.c. Alignment ut of specification. lign rontendandcheck hrustangle.d. Check or a dragging rake nd epairor replace s necessary.2. Vehicle is very bouncy over bumpsa. Checkor wornor leaking hockabsorbers r strutassemblies nd eplace s necessary.b. Checkor seized hockabsorbers r strutassemblies nd eplace s necessary.


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TROUBLESHOOTING1-13NOTE:When one shock fails, ft is recommended to replace front or rearunits as pairs.3. Vehicle leans excessively in turnsa. Check or wornor leaking hockabsorbers r strutassemblies nd eplace s neces-sary.b. Check or missing, amaged,r wornstabilizerinksor bushings, nd eplace r in-stallas necessary.4. Vehicle ride quality seems excessively ha&ha. Checkor seized hockabsorbers r strutassemblies nd eplace s necessary.b. Checkor excessively igh ire pressures ndadjustpressureso vehicle ecommen-dations.5. Vehicle seems low or leans to one sidea. Check or a damaged, roken r weak pring.Replace efective artsandcheck or aneeded lignment.b. Checkor seized hockabsorbers r strutassemblies nd eplace s necessary.c. Check or wornor leaking hockabsorbers r strutassemblies nd eplace s neces-sary.

Noises1. Vehiclemakes clickingnoiseswhendrivena. Checkhe noise o see f it varieswith roadspeed. erify f the noise s present hencoasting r with steering r throttle nput. f theclickingnoise requencyhanges ithroadspeed nd s notaffected y steering r throttle nput, heck he ire reads or astone,pieceof glass, ail or another ardobject mbeddednto he ire or ire read.Stones arely ause ire puncture ndareeasily emoved.Other bjectsmaycreatean air leakwhen emoved. onsider aving heseobjects emovedmmediately t afacilityequippedo repair ire punctures.b. If theclickingnoisevarieswith hrottle nputandsteering, heck or a worn ConstantVelocity CV-joint) oint, universalU- oint) or flex o int.

2. Vehicle makes a clunking or knocking noise over bumpsa. A clunking oiseover bumps s mostoftencaused yexcessivemovement r clear-ance n a suspensionomponent. heckhesuspensionor soft,cracked, amaged rworn bushings. eplacehe bushings ndcheck hevehicles lignment.b. Check or loosesuspension ounting olts.Check he ightness n subframe olts,pivot boltsandsuspension ounting olts,and orque o specification.c. Checkhevehicle or a loosewheelbearing. omewheelbearings anbeadjustedorlooseness, hileothersmustbe eplacedf loose.Adjustor replacehe bearings srecommendedy he manufacturer.d. Check hedoor atchadjustment.f he door s slightly oose,or the atchadjustmentis notcentered,hedoorassemblymaycreate oisesover bumps nd ough urfaces.Properly djust hedoor atcheso securehedoor.

3. Vehicle makes a low pitched rumbling noise when drivena. A low pitched umbling oise s usually aused y a drive rain related earing nd smostoftenassociated ith a wheelbearingwhichhasbeen amaged r worn.Thedamage anbecaused y excessive rake emperaturesr physical ontactwith a poholeor curb.Sometimeshe noisewill varywhen urning. efthand urns ncreasehloadon hevehicles igh tside,and ight urns oad he eftside.A failed rontwheebearingmayalsocause slightsteeringwheel ibrationwhen urning.A bearingwhichexhibitsnoisemustbe replaced.b. Checkhe ire condition ndbalance. n nternally amagedire maycauseailuresymptoms imilar o failedsuspension arts.Fordiagnostic urposes,ry a knowngoodsetof tiresand eplace efectiveires.4. Vehicle makes a squeaking noise over bumpsa. Check hevehicles all oints or wear,damaged r leaking oots.Replace ball oiif it is loose, heboot s damaged nd eaking, r theball oint s binding.When e-placing uspension arts, heck hevehicle or alignment.b. Checkor seized r deterioratedushings. eplace ushingshatarewornor dam-agedandcheck hevehicle or alignment.c. Check or hepresence f swaybaror stabilizer arbushings hichwraparound hebar. nspecthecondition f he bushings nd eplacef wornor damaged. emovethe bushing racket ndapplya thin ayerof suspension reaseo theareawhere hbushings raparound he barand einstallhe bushing rackets. ~5. Vehicle vibrates when drivena. Checkhe roadsurface.Roadswhichhave oughor uneven urfacesmaycause n-usual i brations.b. Check he ire condition ndbalance. n nternally amagedire maycause ailuresymptoms imilar o failedsuspension arts.Fordiagnostic urposes,ry a knowngoodsetof tiresand eplace efectiveires mmediately.c. Check or a wornConstant elocity CV-joint) oint, universal U- oint) or lex ointand eplacef loose,damaged r binding.d. Checkor a loose,bent, r out-of-balancexleor driveshaft.Replace amaged rfailedcomponents.NOTE:Diagnosing failures related to wheels, tires, steering and the sus-pension system can often times be accomplished with a care ful and thor-ough test drive. Bearing noises are isolated by noting whether the noisesor symptoms vary when turning left or right, or occur while driving astraight line. During a teft hand turn, the vehicles weight shifts to theright, placing more force on the right side bearings, such that if a right sidwheel bearing is worn or damaged, the noise or vibration should increaseduring light-to-heavy acceleration. Conversely, on right hand turns, the vehicle tends to lean to the left, loading the left side bearings.

Knocking oises n thesuspension hen hevehicle s drivenover rough oads, airoad racksandspeed umps ndicatewornsuspensionomponentsuchas bushingball oints or tie rod ends,or a wornsteering ystem.

1. One headlight only works on high or low beama. Check or battery oltage t headlight lectrical onnector.f battery oltage s present,replacehe headlight ssembly r bulb f available eparately.f battery oltage s notpresent,efer o theheadlight iringdiagramo troubleshoot.2. Headlight does not work on high or low beama. Check or battery oltage ndground t headlight lectrical onnector.f battery olt-age s present, heck he headlight onnector rounderminal or a proper round. fbattery oltage ndground re present t heheadlight onnector,eplacehehead-lightassembly r bulb f available eparately.f battery oltage r grounds not pre-sent, efer o the headlight iringdiagramo troubleshoot.b. Checkhe headlight witchoperation. eplaceheswitch f theswitch s defective rooeratesntermittentlv.

1. Tail light, running light or side marker light inoperativea. Check or battery oltage ndground t lightselectrical onnector.f battery oltagpresent, heck he bulbsocket ndelectrical onnector round erminal or a propeground. f battery oltage ndground represent t he ightconnector, utnot n hsocket, lean hesocket nd heground erminal onnector.f battery oltage ndground representn he bulbsocket, eplacehe bulb. f battery oltage r groundnotpresent,efer o thewiringdiagramo troubleshootor an open ircuit.b. Checkhe ightswitchoperation nd eplacef necessary.2. Tall light, running light or side marker light works intermittentlya. Check hebulb or a damagedilament, nd eplacef damaged.b. Check hebulbandbulbsocket or corrosion, ndcleanor replacehebulbandsocket.

3. Headlight(s) very dima. Check or battery oltage ndground t headlight lectrical onnector.f battery olt-age s present,race heground ircuit or heheadlamp lectrical onnector,hencleanand epair s necessary.f thevoltage t heheadlight lectrical onnectorssignificantlyess han hevoltage t hebattery,efer o the headlight iringdiagram

c. Check or loose,damaged r corroded iresandelectricalerminals, nd epairasnecessary.d. Check he ightswitchoperation nd eplacef necessary.3. Tail light, running light or side marker light very dima. Checkhe bulbandbulbsocket or corrosion ndcleanor replacehe bulband


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or low voltage t hebulbsocketpositive erminal r a poorground. f voltageis low,or thegroundmarginal,race hewiring o, andcheck or oose,damaged rcorrodedwiresandelectricalerminals;epairas necessary.he ightswitchoperation nd eplacef necessary.

ify he nterior ightswitch ocation ndposition(s), ndset heswitch n thecor-rectposition.or battery oltage ndground t he nterior ightbulbsocket. f battery oltageandground re present,eplacehe bulb. f voltages notpresent, heck he nteriorlight use or battery oltage. f the use s missing, eplacehe use. f the usehasblown,or if battery oltage s present,efer o thewiringdiagramo troubleshoothecause or an openor shorted ircuit. f ground s notpresent, heck he doorswitchcontacts ndcleanor repairas necessary.he bulb or a damagedilament, nd eplacef damaged.bulbandbulbsocket or corrosion, ndcleanor replacehebulbandsocket. damaged r corroded iresandelectricalerminals;epairas neces-sary. doorand ightswitchoperation, nd eplacef necessary.

he bulbandbulbsocket or corrosion, ndcleanor replacehe bulbandsocket. voltage t he bulbsocket ositive erminal r a poorground. f voltageis low,or thegroundmarginal,race hewiring o, andcheck or oose,damaged rcorrodedwiresandelectricalerminals;epairas necessary.hedoorand ightswitchoperation, nd eplacef necessary.

inoperativehe brake edal ndcheck or battery oltage ndground t hebrake ightbulbsocket. f present,eplacehebulb. f eitherbattery oltage r ground s notpre-sent, efer o thewiringdiagramo troubleshoot.s he brake edal ndcheck or battery oltage ndground t hebrake ightbulb

socket. f present,eplace othbulbs. f battery oltage s not present, heck he brakelightswitchadjustmentndadjustas necessary.f thebrake ightswitch s properlyadjusted, ndbattery oltage r thegrounds not present t hebulbsockets, r at hebulbelectrical onnector ith he brake edal ressed,efer o thewiringdiagramotroubleshoothecause f an opencircuit.brakepedal ndmeasurehevoltage t hebrake ightbulbsocket. f themeasuredoltage s close o thebattery oltage, heck or a poorground aused y aloose,damaged, r corrodedwire, erminal, u lbor bulbsocket. f theground sbolted o a painted urface,t maybe necessaryo removeheelectrical onnector ndclean hemounting urface, o theconnectormounts n baremetal. f battery oltageis low,check or a poorconnection aused y eithera faultybrake ightswitch,loose,damaged,r corrodedwire, erminal r electrical onnector. efer o thewiringdiagramo troubleshoothecause f a voltage rop.

alternator utput ndvoltage egulator peration, nd eplace s necessary.warning ightwiring or a shortedwire.

engine or routinemaintenancend une-up tatus.Note he engineune-upspecifications ndverify hesparkplug,air filterandengine il condition; eplaceand/oradjust temsas necessary.Check he ue l ank or ow uel evel,causing n ntermittentean uelmixture. Topoff uel ankand eset heck ngine ight.or disconnectedngine uelor ignitioncomponent,ensor r con-trol unitand epairor replace s necessary.manifold ndvacuum oses or air leaks nd epairasnecessary.enginesmechanicalondition or excessive il consumption.

Anti-Lock Braking System (ABS) Lighta. Check hewheel ensors ndsensor ings or debris, ndcleanas necessary.b. Checkhe brakemaster ylinder or luid eakage r seal ailureand eplace s neces-sary.c, Check heABScontrolunit,pump ndproportioningalves or proper peration;e-place s necessary.d. Check hesensorwiringat hewheel ensors nd heABScontrolunit or a looseorshortedwire,and epairas necessary.brake Warning Lighta. Check he brake luid evelandcheck or possibleeakagerom he hydraulicinesandseals.Topoff brake luidand epair eakage s necessary.b. Checkhe brake inings or wearand eplace s necessary.c. Check or a looseor shot-ted rakewarning ightsensor r wire,and eplace r repairas necessary.Oil Pressure Warning Lighta. Stop heenginemmediately. heckheengine il levelandoil filter condition, ndtop off or changeheoil as necessary.b. Check heoil pressure ensorwire or being hortedo ground.Disconnecthewirefrom heoil pressure ensor ndwith he gnition n theONposition,butnot runningtheoil pressureightshouldnot beworking. f the ightworkswith hewire discon-nected, heck hesensorwire or being hortedo ground.Check hewire routing omake ure hewire s notpinched ndcheck or insulation amage. epair r replacethewire as necessarynd echeck efore tarting heengine.c. Removeheoil panandcheck or a clogged il pick-up ubescreen.d. Check heoil pressure ensoroperation ysubstituting knowngoodsensor.e. Check heoil filter or internal estrictions r leaks, nd eplace s necessary.WARNING: f the engine is operated with oil pressure below the manufac-turers specification, severe (and costly) engine damage could occur. Lowoil pressure can be caused by excessive internal wear or damage to the en-gine bearings, oil pressure relief valve, oil pump or oil pump drive mecha-nism.

Before tartingheengine, heck or possible auses f rapidoil loss,suchas eakingoil linesor a loose,damaged,estricted, r leaking il filter or oil pressure ensor. f heengine il levelandcondition reacceptable, easureheengines il pressure singapressure auge, r determinehecause or heoil pressure arning ight o functionwhen heengine s running, efore peratingheengine or anextended eriodof ime.Another ymptom f operating n enginewith owoil pressures thepresence f severeknocking nd apping oises.Parking Brake Warning Lighta. Check hebrake eleasemechanism ndverify he parking rake asbeen ully e-leased.b. CheckCheckhe parking rake ightswitch or looseness r misalignment.c. CheckCheckor a damagedwitchor a looseor shorted rake ightswitchwire,andreplace r repairas necessary.2. Warning light(s) flickers on and off when drivingIgnition, Battery or Alternator Warning Lighta. Check healternator utput ndvoltage egulator peration. n ntermittentonditionmay ndicatewornbrushes, n nternal hort,or a defective oltage egulator. eplacethealternator r failedcomponent.b. Check hewarning ightwiring or a shorted, inched r damaged ire and epairasnecessary.Check Engine Lighta. Check heengineor requiredmaintenancend une-up tatus.Verifyengineune-upspecifications,s wellas sparkplug,air filter andengine il condition; eplace nd/oradjust temsas necessary.b. Check he uel ank or low uel evelcausing n ntermittentean uelmixture. opofffuel ankand eset heck ngine ight.c. Checkor an ntermittentailureor partially isconnectedngine ueland gnitioncomponent,ensoror controlunit; epairor replace s necessary.d. Check he ntakemanifold ndvacuum oses or air leaks, nd epairas necessary.e. Check hewarning ightwiring or a shorted, inched r damaged ireand epairasnecessary.Anti-Lock Braking System (ABS) Lighta. Check hewheel ensors ndsensor ings or debris, ndcleanas necessary.b. Check hebrakemaster ylinder or fluid eakage r seal ailureand eplace s neces-sary.


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TROUBLESHOOTING145d. Check hesensorwiringat hewheel ensors nd heABScontrolunit or a looseorshortedwire and epairas necessary.Brake Warninu Liahta. Checkhe brakefluid~evelndcheck or possibleeakagerom he hydraulicinesandseals.Topoff brake luidand epair eakage s necessary.b. Checkhe brake inings or wearand eplace s necessary.c. Check or a looseor shorted rakewarning ightsensor r wire,and eplace r repairas necessary.Oil Pressure Warning Lighta. Stop heenginemmediately. heckheengine il levelandcheck or a sudden ndrapidoil loss,suchas a leaking il lineor oil pressure ensor, nd epairor replace snecessary.b. Checkhe oil pressure ensor peration y substituting known oodsensor.c. Check heoil pressure ensorwire or being hortedo ground.Disconnecthewirefrom heoil pressure ensor ndwith he gnition n theONposition,butnot running,the oil pressureightshouldnot beworking. f the ightworkswith hewire discon-nected, heck hesensorwire or being hortedo ground.Check hewire routing omake ure hewire s not pinched ndcheck or insulation amage. epair r replacethewire as necessary nd echeck efore tarting heengine.d. Removeheoil panandcheck or a clogged il pick-up ubescreen.Parking Brake Warning L ighta. Check he brake eleasemechanism ndverify heparking rakehasbeen ully re-leased.b. Check he parking rake ightswitch or looseness r m isalignment.c. Checkor a damagedwitchor a looseor shorted rake ightswitchwire,and eplaceor repairas necessary.3. Warning li#ht(s) inoperative with iflnition on, andengine not starteda. Checkor a defective ulbby nstalling known oodbulb.b. Check or a defective ire using heappropriate iringdiagram(s).c. Check or a defective ending nit by removing nd hengroundinghewire at hesending nit. f he ightcomeson with he gnitionon whengroundinghewire, re-place hesending nit.

1. Turn siflnais or hazard iiflhts come on, but do not flasha. Check or a defectivelasher nitand eplace s necessary.2. Turn signals or hazard iiflhts do not function on either sidea. Check he useand eplace,f defective.b. Check he lasher nit by substituting known ood lasher nit.c. Check he urnsignalelectrical ystem or a defective omponent, pencircuit,shortcircuit or poorground.3. Turn siflnais or hazard lights only work on one sidea. Check or ailedbulbsand eplace s necessary.b. Check or poorgroundsn bothhousings nd epairas necessary.4. One siflnai light does not worka. Checkor a ailedbulband eplace s necessary.b. Check or corrosion n thebulbsocket, ndcleanand epairas necessary.c. Check or a poorground t he bulbsocket, ndcleanand epair s necessary.5. Turn signals flash too slowlya. Check ignalbulb(s)wattage nd eplace ith owerwattage ulb(s).

6. Turn signals flash too fasta, Check ignalbulb(s)wattage nd eplace ith higherwattage ulb(s).b. Checkor installation f hecorrect lasher nitand eplacef incorrect.7. Four-way hazard flasher indicator iiflhi inoperativea. Verify hat heexterior ightsare unctioning nd , f so, replacendicator ulb.b. Check heoperation f thewarninglasher witchand eplacef defective.0. Turn signal indicator ii#ht(s) do not work in either directiona. Verify hat heexterior ightsare unctioning nd, f so, replacendicator ulb(s).b. Checkor a defectivelasher nit by substituting known oodunit.9. One turn signal indicator liflht does not worka. Check or a defective u lband eplace s necessary.b. Check or a defectivelasher nit by substituting known oodunit.

1. Horn does not operatea. Checkor a defectiveuseand eplace s necessary.b. Checkor battery oltage ndground t hornelectrical onnections henpressinghhornswitch. f voltage s present,eplacehehornassembly.f voltage r groundsnot present,efer o ChassisElectrical overageor additionalroubleshootingech-niques ndcircuit nformation.2. Horn has an unusual tonea. Onsinglehornsystems,eplacehehorn.b. Ondualhornsystems, heck he operation f hesecond orn.Dualhornsystemshavea highand ow pitched orn.Unplug nehornat a timeand echeck perationReplacehe hornwhichdoesnot unction.c. Check or debrisor condensationuild-up n hornandverify hehornpositioning.fthe hornhasa singleopening, djust heopening ownwardo allow or adequatedrainage nd o prevent ebrisbuild-up.

1. Windshield wipers do not operatea. Check useand eplace s necessary.b. Check witchoperation nd epairor replace s necessary.c. Check or corroded,oose,disconnectedr brokenwiresandcleanor repairas necesary.d. Check heground ircuit or hewiperswitchor motorand epairas necessary.2. Windshield wiper motor makes a humming noise, gets hot or blowsfusesa. Wipermotordamagednternally;eplacehewipermotor.b. Wiper inkage ent, amaged r seized.Repair r replacewiper inkage s necessar3. Windshield wiper motor operates, but one or both wipers fail to movea. Windshield ipermotor inkageooseor disconnected. epair r replaceinkage snecessary.b. Windshield iperarms ooseon wiperpivots.Securewiperarm o pivot or replaceboth hewiperarmandpivotassembly.4. Windshield wipers will not parka. Checkhewiperswitchoperation ndverify hat heswitchproperlynterruptshepower uppliedo thewipermotor.b. If thewiperswitch s functioning roperly,hewipermotorparking ircuithas ailed

Replacehewipermotorassembly. peratehewipermotorat eastone ime beforeinstallinghearmsandbladeso ensure orrectpositioning,hen echeck sing hehighestwiperspeed n a wetwindshieldo make ure hearmsandblades o notcontacthewindshieldrim.

1. Speedometer does not work to minimize harpbends r kinks. f thesheathingasbeen amaged,eplacehecaa. Check ndverify hat he speedometerable s properly eatednto hespeedometer bleassembly.assembly nd hespeedometerrivegear. b. Check hespeedometerable or adequateubrication. emovehecable, nspectorb. Checkhespeedometerable or breakage r rounded-offableendswhere hecable damage, lean, ubricate nd einstall.f thecablehasbeendamaged,eplacehecaseats nto hespeedometerrivegearand nto he speedometerssembly.f damaged, ble.broken r thecableendsare ounded ff, replacehecable.c. Check peedometerrivegearcondition nd eplace s necessary. 3. Speedometer works intermittentlyd. Installa known oodspeedometero test or proper peration.f thesubstituted a. Checkhecableandverify hat hecable s fully nstalled nd he asteners resecurb. Checkhecableends or wearand ounding, nd eplace s necessary.


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c. Gauge ending nitdefective. eplace auge ending nit.d. Gauge r sending nit mproperlynstalled. erify nstallation ndwiring,and epairspeed ensor ickup nd eplace s necessary.wiring betweenhespeed ensor nd hespeedometeror corrodedermi-nals, ooseconnections r brokenwiresandcleanor repairas necessary.a known oodspeedometero test or proper peration.f thesubstitutedspeedometerunctions roperly, eplacehespeedometerssembly.

Speedometer works intermittentlyhewiring betweenhespeed ensor nd hespeedometeror corrodedermi-nals, ooseconnectionsr brokenwiresandcleanor repairas necessary.speed ensor ickupand eplace s necessary.

as necessary.2. Gauge operates enatica//ya. Checkfor oose,shorted, amaged r corroded lectrical onnections r wiringandrepairas necessary.b. Check auge ending nitsand eplace s necessary.3. Gauge operates fully peggeda. Sending nit-to-gauge ire shortedo ground.b. Sending nitdefective;eplace ending nit.c. Gauge r sending nit not properly rounded.d. Gauge r sending nit mproperlynstalled. erify nstallation ndwiring,and epairas necessary.

Gauge does not registeror blown useand eplace s necessary.or an opencircuit n hegaugewiring.Repairwiringas necessary.

air conditioneruseand eplace s necessary.Air conditioner ystem ischarged. ave hesystem vacuated,harged nd eaktested y an MVACcertified echnician, tilizing pprovedecovery/recyclingquip-ment.Repair s necessary.r conditionerow pressure witchdefective. eplace witch.an esistorpackdefective. eplaceesistorpack.Loose onnection, rokenwiring or defective ir conditionerelay n air conditioning*electrical ircuit.Repairwiringor replace elayas necessary.conditioner lowswarmairr conditioner ystems discharged. ave hesystem vacuated,harged nd eaktested y an MVACcertifiedechnician, tilizingapprovedecovery/recyclingquip-ment.Repair s necessary.r conditioner ompressor lutchnot engaging. heck ompressor lutchwiring,electrical onnections ndcompressor lutch, nd epairor replace s necessary.

Water collects on the interior floor when the air conditioner is usedhose s blocked. lear hedrainhosewhere t exitsthepassengerompartment.Air conditioner vaporator rainhose s disconnected.ecurehedrainhose o theevaporator rainagerayunder hedashboard.air conditioner vaporator rainhose s blocked r partially estricted, llowingcondensationo buildup aroundheevaporator nddrainageray.Clear hedrainhosewhere t exits hepassengerompartment.

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1. Blower motor does not operatea. Check lowermotor useand eplace s necessary.b. Check lowermotorwiring or loose,damaged r corroded ontacts nd epairasnecessary.c. Check lowermotorswitchand esistorpack or opencircuits,and epairor replaceas necessary.d. Check lowermotor or nternal amage nd epairor replace s necessary.2. Heater blows cool aira. Check heengine oolant evel. f thecoolant evel s low, op off andbleed heairfrom hecoolingsystem s necessaryndcheck or coolant eaks.b. Check ngine oolant peratingemperature.f coolant emperatures below pecifica-tion, check or a damaged r stuck hermostat.c. Check heheater ontrol alveoperation. heckhe heater ontrolvalvecableor vac-uumhose or proper nstallation. ove heheateremperatureontrol rom hot o coldseveral imesandverify he operation f theheater ontrol alve.With heengine tnormaloperatingemperaturend heheateremperatureontrol n he u ll hotposi-tion, carefullyeel heheater osegoing ntoandexiting hecontrolvalve. f oneheater ose s hotand heother s much ooler, eplacehecontrolvalve.3. Heater steams the windshield when useda. Checkor a loosecoolingsystem oseclampor leaking oolant osenear heenginefirewallor under hedasharea, nd epairas necessary.b. Checkor theexistence f a sweet dorand luid dripping rom heheaterloor vents,indicating failedor damaged eater ore.Pressureest hecoolingsystemwith heheater et o the ullywarmpositionandcheck or luid eakagerom he loor vents. fleakages verified, emove nd eplaceheheater oreassembly.NOTE:On some vehicles, the dashboard must be disassembled and re-moved to access the heater core.

ch 11 troubleshooting

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