Ch. 16:Ch. 16: Section III: Dutch, French, and English Section III: Dutch, French, and English ColoniesColonies

(Pages 372-376)(Pages 372-376)

Ch. 16:Ch. 16: Section III: Dutch, French, and English Section III: Dutch, French, and English ColoniesColonies

(Pages 372-376)(Pages 372-376)

This section is about:This section is about: How the development of How the development of

Dutch, French, and English Dutch, French, and English colonies impacted Native colonies impacted Native American ways of life.American ways of life.

How the commercial How the commercial revolution in Europe revolution in Europe affected global affected global domination.domination.

Just by looking at the title of Just by looking at the title of this section, you probably this section, you probably already know some of the already know some of the things in this section.things in this section.

Look at the map on page Look at the map on page 375: you knew this, but 375: you knew this, but match up the languages match up the languages spoken today to the spoken today to the countries which settled the countries which settled the Americas.Americas.

On the “Main Ideas” (372) – On the “Main Ideas” (372) – Lets at least look at the Lets at least look at the groups of people in this groups of people in this section.section.

There was a lot of risk at There was a lot of risk at exploring and setting up exploring and setting up colonies – many people you colonies – many people you don’t hear about failed – or don’t hear about failed – or even died.even died.

The Dutch ColoniesThe Dutch Colonies

Before the 1600’s Spain Before the 1600’s Spain was the only country was the only country doing much in the doing much in the Americas.Americas.

The Netherlands, The Netherlands, France, and England France, and England were busy fighting wars.were busy fighting wars.

In the early 1600’s, they In the early 1600’s, they also decided they also decided they wanted land in the wanted land in the Americas.Americas.

Dutch InterestsDutch Interests

The Dutch became the The Dutch became the world’s strongest navy world’s strongest navy in the 1600’s (often in the 1600’s (often fighting Spain and fighting Spain and Portugal).Portugal).

They really wanted to They really wanted to take over Portugal’s take over Portugal’s world trading power.world trading power.

They eventually took They eventually took over their eastern trade over their eastern trade (and Brazil in 1624) and (and Brazil in 1624) and started building started building colonies there – and in colonies there – and in the Caribbean. the Caribbean.

The Dutch in North AmericaThe Dutch in North America

In 1609 Henry Hudson was hired In 1609 Henry Hudson was hired to find a water route through to find a water route through North America.North America.

He first sailed up a river in the He first sailed up a river in the center of the continent – today center of the continent – today it’s the Hudson River.it’s the Hudson River.

He claimed this area for the He claimed this area for the Netherlands (New Netherlands).Netherlands (New Netherlands).

It’s biggest settlement was New It’s biggest settlement was New Amsterdam – for fur traders on Amsterdam – for fur traders on what’s now Manhattan Island.what’s now Manhattan Island.

The colony was interested in The colony was interested in profits more than religion, so profits more than religion, so Catholics, Protestants, Muslims, Catholics, Protestants, Muslims, and Jews all settled there.and Jews all settled there.

The English ended up capturing The English ended up capturing the colony in 1664 and changed the colony in 1664 and changed it’s name – to honor it’s Duke of it’s name – to honor it’s Duke of York.York.

Manhattan / New York City: Then and Now

French Settlements in the French Settlements in the AmericasAmericas

France was slow coming France was slow coming to the Americas.to the Americas.

They came a little to They came a little to what’s now Canada.what’s now Canada.

The best know French The best know French explorer (Samuel de explorer (Samuel de Champlain) founded Champlain) founded Quebec in 1603. Quebec in 1603.

He fought the Natives He fought the Natives at times, but at times, but encouraged the fur encouraged the fur trade and brought trade and brought missionaries to convert missionaries to convert the Native Americans.the Native Americans.

Colonizing New FranceColonizing New France New France became a New France became a

province in 1663.province in 1663. But this was Iroquois land – But this was Iroquois land –

and they didn’t want to and they didn’t want to share with the French (and share with the French (and they didn’t want to they didn’t want to become Christians).become Christians).

The French kept pushing The French kept pushing and exploring – into the and exploring – into the Great Lakes region and Great Lakes region and then down the Mississippi then down the Mississippi River.River.

They called this territory They called this territory Louisiana (after King Louis Louisiana (after King Louis XIV).XIV).

They couldn’t get many They couldn’t get many French to settle there (too French to settle there (too cold and too many Native cold and too many Native American attacks).American attacks).

Most settlers were young Most settlers were young men who were fur tradersmen who were fur traders

French West IndiesFrench West Indies

The French also began The French also began settling in the Caribbean (14 settling in the Caribbean (14 islands).islands).

They mostly grew sugar cane They mostly grew sugar cane there (with help from African there (with help from African slaves).slaves).

They also had a class system:They also had a class system:

Native French Native French merchants merchants sailors/pirates sailors/pirates small farmers small farmers hired workers from France hired workers from France slavesslaves

The English in North The English in North AmericaAmerica

John Cabot claimed the North John Cabot claimed the North Atlantic Coast for England in Atlantic Coast for England in 1497.1497.

They were interested in North They were interested in North America, but were also busy America, but were also busy fighting the Spanish (and the fighting the Spanish (and the “Spanish Armada”).“Spanish Armada”).

After finally defeating them (in After finally defeating them (in 1588), they concentrated more 1588), they concentrated more on North America.on North America.

English reasons for North America:English reasons for North America:

To get richTo get rich Find a new trade route to IndiaFind a new trade route to India Have religious freedomHave religious freedom Better economic opportunitiesBetter economic opportunities

Early English ColoniesEarly English Colonies

JamestownJamestown (1607) was the (1607) was the first successful English first successful English colony in North America.colony in North America.

King James gave the King James gave the Virginia Company a charter Virginia Company a charter to settle there.to settle there.

But there were problems:But there were problems: Many settlers died from Many settlers died from

disease.disease. They built the settlement They built the settlement

on a swamp.on a swamp. Settlers were more Settlers were more

interested in looking for interested in looking for gold than growing food gold than growing food (but eventually growing (but eventually growing tobacco).tobacco).

…………………………..

Jamestown was the first Jamestown was the first European representative European representative government in the Americas.government in the Americas.

They also brought the first They also brought the first enslaved Africans to the enslaved Africans to the Americas.Americas.

Another English settlement was Another English settlement was Plymouth ColonyPlymouth Colony (in New (in New England – in 1620).England – in 1620).

Many people call these people Many people call these people “the Pilgrims”“the Pilgrims”

These people are responsible for These people are responsible for “the Mayflower Compact” - “the Mayflower Compact” - where they immediately agreed where they immediately agreed to a new government in their to a new government in their new home.new home.

There are journals of the There are journals of the Pilgrims – we know they also Pilgrims – we know they also suffered and many died, and suffered and many died, and that they learned how to survive that they learned how to survive with the help of the Native with the help of the Native Americans.Americans.

Thirteen ColoniesThirteen Colonies By the 1700’s, there were 13 By the 1700’s, there were 13

colonies in North America colonies in North America (often farming).(often farming).

Eventually, the various areas Eventually, the various areas were “specializing” were “specializing”

New EnglandNew England: poor soil and : poor soil and tough weather, so they fished tough weather, so they fished and built ships (lots of trees).and built ships (lots of trees).

Middle ColoniesMiddle Colonies: mild : mild climate and good soil – so climate and good soil – so they became farmers, but they became farmers, but also good rivers and harbors also good rivers and harbors for trade (Boston, N.Y., Philly, for trade (Boston, N.Y., Philly, Baltimore)Baltimore)

Southern ColoniesSouthern Colonies: great : great place to grow tobacco, rice, place to grow tobacco, rice, and indigo, but needed slaves and indigo, but needed slaves to help on the farms.to help on the farms.

Native AmericansNative Americans

The Dutch, French, The Dutch, French, and English (like and English (like the Spanish) all the Spanish) all messed up the messed up the Native American’s Native American’s lives.lives.

Disease also killed Disease also killed many of these many of these natives.natives.

Sharing LandSharing Land

The Dutch mostly wanted to The Dutch mostly wanted to trade and open markets, so trade and open markets, so they left Native Americans they left Native Americans alone more (not even forcing alone more (not even forcing them into Christianity).them into Christianity).

France tried to trade furs with France tried to trade furs with the Native Americans, so as the Native Americans, so as long as they didn’t get out of long as they didn’t get out of control, that could be okay.control, that could be okay.

The English had the biggest The English had the biggest impact on native Americans – impact on native Americans – although at first they did try although at first they did try working together (like working together (like Massasoit and the Massasoit and the Wampanoag’s helping the Wampanoag’s helping the Pilgrims)Pilgrims)

King Philip’s WarKing Philip’s War

When more English colonists When more English colonists came, they wanted more came, they wanted more land. land.

That’s when Native That’s when Native Americans began to worry Americans began to worry about their freedom and way about their freedom and way of life.of life.

Massasoit died and his son Massasoit died and his son (King Philip) became chief. (King Philip) became chief.

He wanted the English to stop He wanted the English to stop expanding their land claims.expanding their land claims.

So they started attacking So they started attacking settlers – and the English settlers – and the English attacked back.attacked back.

By 1676, most Native By 1676, most Native American resistance to the American resistance to the English had stopped.English had stopped.

The Commercial RevolutionThe Commercial Revolution

This was a time in This was a time in history (even just in history (even just in Europe at first) that Europe at first) that trade, industry, and trade, industry, and banking were starting banking were starting to grow.to grow.

Discoveries in the Discoveries in the Americas helped push Americas helped push this revolution along.this revolution along.

Gold and silver Gold and silver discoveries signaled discoveries signaled the start of a money the start of a money based economy (and based economy (and not just trade)not just trade)

Rising PricesRising Prices

Spanish gold and silver Spanish gold and silver discoveries led to higher discoveries led to higher prices for just about prices for just about everything.everything.

So the Spanish decided to So the Spanish decided to buy things from other buy things from other countries – and their countries – and their gold/silver went there.gold/silver went there.

Then, their prices for Then, their prices for things went up.things went up.

In some places, prices for In some places, prices for things doubled and tripled.things doubled and tripled.

This is called inflation.This is called inflation.

Overseas InvestmentsOverseas Investments All this trade led to the All this trade led to the

growth of growth of capitalismcapitalism (investing money and (investing money and expecting/hoping to get a expecting/hoping to get a profit).profit).

Many European investors Many European investors thought they could best thought they could best make money in the Americas.make money in the Americas.

Overseas investments are Overseas investments are risky though – so they came risky though – so they came up with a new idea – the up with a new idea – the joint joint stock company.stock company.

Joint stock company’s Joint stock company’s combine many combine many investorsinvestors together: where you can together: where you can invest in bigger things (but invest in bigger things (but share a profit –or share a loss share a profit –or share a loss if the investment goes bad)if the investment goes bad)

(people who put money into a company)

All the people who invest in the company share in the profits and risks: so they’re called: shareholders