Ch. 17 Sec. 2-3

“New Order”

And

The Tide Turns

Hitler’s New Order

• Racial obsessions – shove the inferior race aside, make room for the Germans

• Economic resource– Stripped nations of factories, resources, and arts– Countered resistance movements with death

and torture– Concentration camps – filled with Jews,

political opponents, Polish and Slavs to work as slave labor (poorly fed and worked to death)

Genocide

• Hitler pursued a program to kill the racially inferior– “Death Camps” for

• European Jews (Final Solution)

• Slavs

• Elderly and disabled

• Religious and Political leaders who spoke against

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Japan’s Conquest

• Proposed Mission: Help Asians escape Western colonial rule

• Fact:– Japanese empire in Asia

• Treated the conquered with brutality

• Seizing resources, slave labor

• Welcoming turned to hatred and guerrilla warfare against Japanese invaders

Japan and the U.S.

• U.S. banned sale of iron, steel and oil to Japan in response to aggression in SE Asia– Japan (General Tojo Hideki) viewed as interfering with

their plans

– Dec. 7 1941 – surprise attack on Pearl Harbor

– FDR asks Congress to declare war on Japan

– Dec. 11, Germany and Italy declare war on U.S.

– Early success by Japan achieves large empire but long term proved to be another major mistake by Hitler

United States Neutrality

• FDR searched for loopholes– Lend-Lease Act

• Sell or lend war materials to any nation vital to the defense of the U.S.

• Arsenal of democracy– Help those fighting for freedom

– Secret meeting with Churchill

– Atlantic Charter – destruction of Nazi tyranny

1942

• Begins with Allies in trouble

• Commit to Total War – all resources to the war effort– Dem. Governments increase political power

• Direct factories activities

• Ration goods

• War bond drives

• Regulation of prices and wages

Democratic limits

• Individual rights

• Censored the press

• Propaganda for support

• Citizens of Japanese descent– Loss of jobs and civil rights– Camp internment

Women to the Rescue Again

• Millions of women around the world replace men in essential war industry jobs

• British and American serve in the military in auxiliary roles

• European women fought in the resistance

• Soviet women fight in combat roles