CH 19

1

2

1. ,

2.

3. ,

4. 5. ,

6. ,

7. ,

3

19.1 19.2

19.3

19.4

4

CH 19

(Information System), ,

, ,

, ,

5

19.1 ,

, , , ,

, ,

, , 19-1a, 19-1b

6

19.1

7

19.1

,

8

19.1

,

(1) a. (End User Computing)b. c.

(2) , a. (Outsourcing)b. (Application Package)c.

(3) : ,

9

19.1 , ,

,

4, : (People) (Process)(Project) (Product)4P,

10

19.1

,

,

, , ,

, ,

11

19.1 (Project)

(Scope), (Quality Standard), (Time) , (Cost), (Risk)

(PMI ) , (time) (techniques) (people)

, ,

12

19.1 (Process) ,

, (Software Project Management)

,

(Project Management Institution, PMI) , I (Initiating Process)P (Planning Process)E (Executing Process)C (Controlling Process)C (Closing Process)

13

19.1 (Process) (SEI, 1999)

, ,

1. 2. 3. 4.

, , ,

14

19.1, (CMMI, Capability Maturity Model

Integration) ,

CMMILevel 1 (Initial)Level 2 (Repeatable)Level 3 (Defined)Level 4 (Managed)Level 5 (Optimizing)

15

19.2

, ,

1960

, 1960

16

19.2 , (Top-Down),

(Module),

1. : 2. : ,

, ,

3. : , (Subroutine) (Function) , ()

4. : ,

5. GoTo: GoTo, 6. : ,

,

17

19.2 1960,,

,

Simula,

1970PARCSmalltalk, SmalltalkSimula, Smalltalk, Smalltalk

1980,C, C++, (GUI) ,

18

19.2

1. , , , ,

2. ,,

3. , , , , ,

19

19.2 (Class)

, (member)

(Object) (Instance),

(Method) ,

20

19.2

, (Message Passing)

, , (Inheritance) , , , ,

(Encapsulation) , , , , , ,

21

19.2 (Unified Modeling Language, UML)

UML, ,

UnifiedUML, ModelingUML (Modeling), LanguageUML,

UML, (Visualization)(Specification) (Construction) (Documentation)

UML (OOAD) UML,

22

19.2 (Integrated Development Environment, IDE,

Integration Design EnvironmentIntegrationDebugging Environment)

IDE /IDE

IDE (EclipseNetBeans Microsoft Visual Studio), , IDE (VisualBasic)

23

19.2

,

,

, ,

24

19.3 ,

, , , (system development methodology)

, (system development life cycle, SDLC) , ,

, , , , ,

25

19.3 ,

1. (Build-and-Fix Code-and-Fix)2. (Stagewise Model)3. (Waterfall)4. (Incremental)5. (Prototyping)6. (Spiral)7. (Synchronize-and-Stabilize)

26

19.3 ,

, ,

, , , ,

, , ,

,

27

19.3 ,

, , ,,

, , 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

28

19.3 ,

, , ,

29

19.3 ,

, ,, , ,

30

19.3 ,

,

,

31

19.3 ,

, , , ,

32

19.3

,

, , , ,

, ,

33

19.3

,

, ISO 9000, CMM, PSP, TSP, (RUP)

(XP, eXtreme Programming) (Agile Development)

, () , ()

34

19.4

(Management Support System) (Operation Support System)

, ,

: (Transaction Processing System) (Management Information System) (Enterprise Resource Planning System) (Decision Support System) (Expert System) (Executive Information System)

35

19.4 (transactions)

, , ,

(Data ProcessingSystem, DPS),

, POS (Point of Sale) ,

36

19.4 , ,

POS

37

19.4 ERPMRP () , ERP

MRPMRP, (BOM)

ERPMRP, ,

ERP ,, ERP, ERP ()

38

19.4

, , , ,

(Efficiency) (Effectiveness), 1.

,2.

POS , , , ,

39

19.4

, ,

, ,

, , ,

40

19.4

, ,

, , ;

41

19.4

42

1. 2. ,

3. 44.

5. CMMI

6. 7.

43

8. UML?9. IDE

10. 11. 12. ,

CH 19 CH 19 19.1 19.1 19.1 19.119.1 19.119.1 (Project) 19.1 (Process) 19.1 (Process) 19.1, 19.2 19.2 19.2 19.2 19.2 19.2 19.2 19.2 19.2 19.3 19.319.3 19.3 19.3 19.3 19.3 19.3 19.3 19.3 19.4 19.4 19.4 19.4 19.4 19.4 19.4 19.4