Chapter 24 Section 1Latin American Peoples Win Independence

• Objectives:

- Identify the elements of colonial society that caused unrest in Latin America.

- Explain how Haiti won independence.

- Describe the activities of Bolivar, Sam Martin, Native Americans, and Mestizos in liberation events.

- Describe Brazil’s peaceful liberation

Colonial Society Divided

• Class dictated one’s place in society and job.• Peninsulares – were born in Spain. Held the

high offices in the government.• Creoles – Spaniards who were born in Latin

America. Could not hold government office but could rise as officers in the military.

• Mestizos – mixed European and Indian • Mulattos – mixed European and African• Slaves – enslaved Africans• Indians – Native Americans

Revolutions in America

• Saint Domingue was the first Latin American territory to free itself from European rule.

• Self-rule colonies wanted to rule themselves.

• 500,000 enslaved Africans worked plantations • 1791 slave revolt led by Toussaint L’Ouveture

– he was captured in 1802• Jean Jacques Dessalines – took up the fight

for freedom. 1804 named the island Haiti

Creoles Lead Independence

• Creoles were the least oppressed and the best educated of those born in Latin America.

• Many Creoles were educated in Europe

• In Europe they read about and adopted Enlightenment ideas

• South American Independence• Simon Bolivar general from Venezuela• Jose de San Martin general from Argentina• Eventually they joined forces under Bolivar

Mexico Ends Spanish Rule

• 1810 Miguel Hidalgo priest urged the peasants to rebel Grito de Dolores

• Jose Maria Morelos priest who was a good military strategists took the fight for independence from Hidalgo. Was defeated by Augustin de Iturbide

• Iturbide proclaimed Mexico’s independence in 1821

Brazil’s Royal Liberator

• Brazil’s independence was different from the other South American nations in that it was not violent, no bloodshed.

• King John IV fled Portugal when Napoleon invaded. He ruled from Brazil for 14 years.

• After the defeat of Napoleon King John IV returned to Portugal.

• Dom Pedro King John’s son stayed behind in Brazil.• Brazilians wanted to rule themselves and asked Dom

Pedro to rule them.• In 1822 Dom Pedro declared and was granted Brazil’s

independence.

Brazil’s Royal Liberator

• Brazil’s independence was different from the other South American nations in that it was not violent, no bloodshed.

• King John IV fled Portugal when Napoleon invaded. He ruled from Brazil for 14 years.

• After the defeat of Napoleon King John IV returned to Portugal.

• Dom Pedro King John’s son stayed behind in Brazil.• Brazilians wanted to rule themselves and asked Dom

Pedro to rule them.• In 1822 Dom Pedro declared and was granted Brazil’s

independence.