Ch. 3 Exploration and Colonization

Exploration

Christopher Columbus’ voyages inspired Europeans. They saw the potential for settling and gaining riches from the newly discovered lands.

Exploration

Magellan circumnavigated the globe, sailing from the Atlantic Ocean, rounding the tip of South America and into the Pacific Ocean

Exploration

• Magellan established the route to Asia that Columbus attempted to find

• New information led to more accurate maps

Exploration

Spanish explorers in the borderlands were largely unsuccessful because they met strong Native American resistance

Colonization

• Most European rulers supported established churches in the 1500s

• European states persecuted people who did not follow the established religion

Colonization

• Religious differences during the Protestant Reformation increased rivalries between nations

• Rulers encouraged rivalries between settlers for goods and land

New Spain

Order of society, from most influential to least, was:1. Peninsulares2. Creoles3. Mestizos4. Native Americans

New Spain

Spanish conquistadors defeated the Aztecs primarily because a large number of Aztecs died from European diseases

New Spain

The Incas lost their empire to the Spanish due to infighting over control of their own government

New Spain

Three kinds of settlements were established:1. Pueblos2. Presidios: forts where soldiers lived3. Missions

New Spain

Bartolome de las Casas attempted to help Native Americans by asking the King of Spain to enact laws prohibiting their enslavement

New Spain

KEY TERMS•Plantation: large estate farmed by many workers•Encomienda: land grant from the Spanish government to settlers

English Settle America• The Mayflower

Compact established laws for the general good

• Native Americans helped the Pilgrims survive early hardships

• Squanto taught colonists about native food

English Settle America

KEY TERMS•Charter: legal document giving certain rights to a person or company•Precedent: example for people to follow in the future

English Settle America

• Jamestown faced many challenges, including disease and conflicts with Native Americans

• Jamestown Colony needed additional laborers from England

English Settle America

Virginia’s population changed after 1619 when women and Africans arrived in greater numbers

English Settle America

Virginia’s House of Burgesses began a tradition of representative government in the English colonies

Columbian Exchange

• Exchange of goods and ideas from Europe to the Americas and from the Americas to Europe

• Examples: horses, tomatoes, pumpkins, peanuts, smallpox, how to grow and prepare native plants

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