ch. 3.1 solids, liquids, gases
DESCRIPTION
Ch. 3.1 Solids, Liquids, Gases. Kinetic Theory. All particles of matter are in constant motion Explains the behavior of solids and liquids Kinetic Energy- an objects energy due to its motion. States of Matter. Solid Liquid Gas Plasma. Solids:. Matter that has Definite shape - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Ch. 3.1 Solids, Liquids, Gases
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True False Statement True False
Solids have a definite shape and volume, and their particles do not
move
Liquids have definite shape, not volume, and their particles can
move
Gases do not have a definite shape or volume, and particles are free to
move
The Kinetic Theory states all particles of matter are in constant
motion
Gases can fit any size or shaped container
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Kinetic TheoryAll particles of matter are in constant motionExplains the behavior of solids and liquids
Kinetic Energy- an objects energy due to its motion
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States of MatterSolid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma
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Solids:Matter that has
Definite shapeDefinite volume
Orderly arrangement of atomic particles. Close together
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Behavior of SolidsParticles vibrate in fixed locations
Repetitive, back in forth motionKeeps solids constant shape and volume
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Liquids:Matter that has
Definite volumeNO definite shape
Arrangement of particles at atomic level is further apart than solids
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Behavior of LiquidsParticles can flow to new locations
No definite shapeForce of attraction keeps particles close
togetherConstant volume
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Gases:Matter that has no
Definite shapeDefinite volume
Takes the size and shape of its container
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Behavior of GasesParticles are in constant motion
Become any size or shapeKinetic Theory of Gases
Particles are in constant, random motionMotion of 1 particle is unaffected by the motion
of another, unless they collideForces of attraction among particles in a gas
can be ignored under ordinary conditions
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Plasma:Gas containing
NucleiElectrons
Exists in extremely hot environmentsSunStars
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Phase ChangesCh. 3.3
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True False Statement True False
The temperature of a substance does not change during a phase
change
Energy does not change during a phase change
Heat of fusion is the energy needed to melt a substance
Heat of vaporization is the energy needed to turn into a gas
Endothermic reactions absorb heat and become hot, exothermic give
off heat becoming cold
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Phase ChangesReversible physical changes1 state of matter changes into another
6 PhasesMelting / freezingvaporization / condensationSublimation / deposition
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Phase Change andTemperature EnergyTemp of the
substances does NOT change during a phase change
Energy is either absorbed or released during a phase change
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EnergyEndothermic ExothermicAbsorbs energy from
surroundingsBecome coldEx: Evaporation of
water
Releases energy into surroundings
Produce heatEx: Candle flame
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Heat of FusionHeat needed to meltVaries for every substance
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Phase ChangesMelting FreezingMolecules become less
orderlyGain energy, vibrate
more quickly to break away from fixed position
Endothermic
Molecules become more orderly
Kinetic energy decreases, decreasing movement until a fixed arrangement is met
Exothermic
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Phase Changes: VaporizationEvaporation
Liquid to gasEndothermic
Heat of Vaporization- amount of heat needed
Occurs on the surface & and temps BELOW boiling point
Vapor Pressurethe pressure of the vapor
resulting from evaporation of a liquid above a sample of the liquid in a closed container
BoilingOccurs below the surface
at BOLING point
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Phase Changes: CondensationGas to liquidExothermic
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Phase ChangesSublimation DepositionSolid to gas, skipping
liquidEndothermicEx: Dry ice
Gas to solid, skipping liquid
Exothermic