Ch. 4 Interactions Ch. 4 Interactions of Lifeof Life

Section 1 : Living EarthSection 1 : Living Earth

Biosphere:Biosphere: The part of Earth that supports lifeThe part of Earth that supports life From the floor of the deepest sea to the From the floor of the deepest sea to the

atmosphereatmosphere

EcosystemsEcosystems

All the living and nonliving parts of an All the living and nonliving parts of an environmentenvironment Ex: soilEx: soil

+ rocks+ rocks + water+ water + plants+ plants + mammals+ mammals + insects+ insects + amphibians+ amphibians + reptiles+ reptiles + birds+ birds + fish+ fish + air quality+ air quality ecosystemecosystem

EcologyEcology

The study of The study of interactions between interactions between organisms and their organisms and their environment.environment. Can you explain one?Can you explain one?

Ex: Wolves and Ex: Wolves and Yellowstone National Yellowstone National Park. Park. Do they belong there, Do they belong there,

or should we kill them or should we kill them off?off?

PopulationsPopulations

All the organisms in an ecosystem that All the organisms in an ecosystem that belong to the same species.belong to the same species. Whitetail deerWhitetail deer Red MapleRed Maple Fire antsFire ants Brook troutBrook trout Mountain Laurel bushMountain Laurel bush

CommunityCommunity

All the populations in an ecosystemAll the populations in an ecosystem All living organisms that interact and survive All living organisms that interact and survive

together. together. Describe the community that thrives in Yellow Describe the community that thrives in Yellow

Creek?Creek?

HabitatHabitat An area where a population or a community lives.An area where a population or a community lives. Needs to provide adequate food, space/shelter, Needs to provide adequate food, space/shelter,

temperature, and watertemperature, and water

Section 2: PopulationsSection 2: Populations

Population CompetitionPopulation Competition Two or more organisms of the same species Two or more organisms of the same species

competing for resources at the same timecompeting for resources at the same time FoodFood Living space/ShelterLiving space/Shelter WaterWater Oxygen or Carbon DioxideOxygen or Carbon Dioxide SunlightSunlight

Population SizePopulation Size Indicator of the health of a populationIndicator of the health of a population DensityDensity

The size of a population that inhabits a specific area.The size of a population that inhabits a specific area. Number of individuals per square unit of area.Number of individuals per square unit of area. 12 deer per square mile12 deer per square mile

Affected by:Affected by: Limiting factorsLimiting factors

Any living or nonliving feature that restricts the population sizeAny living or nonliving feature that restricts the population size Carrying Capacity Carrying Capacity

The largest number of individuals that can inhabit an ecosystem.The largest number of individuals that can inhabit an ecosystem. Biotic PotentialBiotic Potential

Highest rate of reproduction under ideal conditions.Highest rate of reproduction under ideal conditions. Birth and Death ratesBirth and Death rates Migration of organisms into and out of an areaMigration of organisms into and out of an area

What is the population What is the population density of the rabbits?density of the rabbits?

100 yards2

11 rabbits / 100 yards11 rabbits / 100 yards22

In our area the carrying capacity for In our area the carrying capacity for cottontail rabbits is @ 8/100 yardscottontail rabbits is @ 8/100 yards22..

Answer these questions in your notes.Answer these questions in your notes. Is this population healthy?Is this population healthy? Is this population going to crash?Is this population going to crash? Will the all the rabbits be healthy?Will the all the rabbits be healthy?

Sct. 3 Sct. 3 Interactions in CommunitesInteractions in Communites

2 levels of populations within each 2 levels of populations within each community.community. ProducersProducers

Organisms (plants) that use the sun to produce Organisms (plants) that use the sun to produce energy.energy.

Begin all food webs on EarthBegin all food webs on Earth

ConsumersConsumers Organisms that cannot produce their own energyOrganisms that cannot produce their own energy Must consume producers or other consumers for Must consume producers or other consumers for

energyenergy

4 types of consumers4 types of consumers

HerbivoresHerbivores Eat plantsEat plants GiraffesGiraffes

CarnivoresCarnivores Eat animalsEat animals Brown Recluse SpidersBrown Recluse Spiders

OmnivoresOmnivores Eat plants and animalsEat plants and animals BearsBears

DecomposersDecomposers End all food webs on Earth.End all food webs on Earth. Decompose dead organismsDecompose dead organisms Fly larvaeFly larvae

Food WebsFood Webs

What starts food webs on earth?What starts food webs on earth? What type of organism must be at the What type of organism must be at the

beginning of every food web?beginning of every food web? What types of organisms fill in the rest of What types of organisms fill in the rest of

the web?the web? What type of organism must be at the What type of organism must be at the

end of each strand of the food web?end of each strand of the food web?

Freshwater food web of Freshwater food web of Bedford County.Bedford County.

Terrestrial Food Web of Terrestrial Food Web of Bedford County.Bedford County.

Begin and end a food web of your own Begin and end a food web of your own with the correct steps.with the correct steps.

Use at least 20 producers, consumers, Use at least 20 producers, consumers, and decomposers.and decomposers.

Add graphics and color(if you wish.)Add graphics and color(if you wish.) Due tomorrow. 10 pts.Due tomorrow. 10 pts.

Relationships in Relationships in CommunitiesCommunities

SymbiosisSymbiosis Relationship between two species or Relationship between two species or

populationspopulations MutualismMutualism

When both species benefitWhen both species benefit

CommensalismCommensalism One benefits and the other is not affectedOne benefits and the other is not affected

ParasitismParasitism One benefits and the other is harmedOne benefits and the other is harmed

Mutualism, Commensalism, Mutualism, Commensalism, or Parasitism?or Parasitism?

The clownfish lives among the forest of The clownfish lives among the forest of tentacles of an anemone and is protected from tentacles of an anemone and is protected from potential predators not immune to the sting of potential predators not immune to the sting of the anemone. the anemone.

CommensalismCommensalism

Mutualism, Commensalism, Mutualism, Commensalism, or Parasitism?or Parasitism?

BurdocksBurdocks Spines attach themselves to passing Spines attach themselves to passing

animals and humans.animals and humans. These organisms transfer the These organisms transfer the

burdocks, which contain the plants burdocks, which contain the plants seeds, to other areas and deposit seeds, to other areas and deposit them.them.

The burdock plant benefits and the The burdock plant benefits and the other organisms are neither other organisms are neither benefited or harmed, just a little benefited or harmed, just a little annoyed.annoyed.

CommensalismCommensalism

Mutualism, Commensalism, Mutualism, Commensalism, or Parasitism?or Parasitism?

Berries + English Starling + Pooh =Berries + English Starling + Pooh = MutualismMutualism

Berry bushes gain seed dispersal.Berry bushes gain seed dispersal. Starlings gain food.Starlings gain food.

Mutualism, Commensalism, Mutualism, Commensalism, or Parasitism?or Parasitism?

Lake Trout from Lake Erie with Lamprey Lake Trout from Lake Erie with Lamprey attached.attached.

ParasitismParasitism

NicheNiche An organisms role in the ecosystemAn organisms role in the ecosystem

Ex:Ex:

Oak TreeOak Tree Remove CORemove CO22

Produce OProduce O22

Provide habitat Provide habitat Provide shadeProvide shade Provide foodProvide food Store nutrients to return to the soilStore nutrients to return to the soil Prevent erosion from water and windPrevent erosion from water and wind

Questions….use notes.Questions….use notes. Describe the niche in our ecosystem for:Describe the niche in our ecosystem for:

Whitetail deer.Whitetail deer. Turkey Buzzard.Turkey Buzzard. Raspberry bushRaspberry bush

Explain an example of each relationship Explain an example of each relationship in our ecosystem and why it is….in our ecosystem and why it is…. MutualismMutualism Commensalism.Commensalism. Parasitism.Parasitism.