Ch 5 – Prenatal CareChild Growth and Development

Fact of Fiction? http://

tlc.howstuffworks.com/family/pregnancy-quiz1.htm

Signs of Pregnancy Presumptive signs

Either signs of pregnancy OR signs of a medical condition

Positive signs Signs that are definitely caused by

pregnancy

Presumptive Signs Amenorrhea (menstruation stops) Nausea Tiredness Frequency of urination Swelling and tenderness of the

breasts Skin discoloration Internal changes Other signs

Positive Signs Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) Fetal heartbeat Fetal movement Fetal image Fetal shape Uterine contractions

Pregnancy Tests Home tests or laboratory tests work by

detecting a hormone (HcG) that is present only in women who are pregnant

Generally, around 97-99% accuracy one week after a missed period

Medical Care Why?

To make childbearing safe and successful Obstetrician- doctors who specialize in

pregnancy and birth

First Prenatal Appointment First prenatal appointment is the longest

prenatal appointment. It sets a foundation for medical care throughout the pregnancy

gather health history

complete physical exam

check blood pressure

First Prenatal Appointment

blood test to test for Rh factor, anemia, and STIs

urine sample taken to check for kidney infections and gestational diabetes

Pap smear to check for STIs and cervical cancer

give estimate of due date

give advice on health habits to follow in pregnancy

Frequency of Doctor Appointments

# of months pregnant # of doctors visits 0-7 months once a month8 months every two weeks9 months every week

Factors That Affect the Baby’s Health Mother’s age Rh factor Mother’s physical health Mother’s emotional health

Mother’s Age Most ideal time between 21–28 years Teens are high-risk mothers-to-be

tend to have babies who are premature, have low birthweights, have disabilities, or are born dead

Women over 36 have higher rate of babies with health problems and disabilities

Rh Factor Rh factor is a protein substance found in

red blood cells of about 85% of the population

Problems if father is Rh+, mother Rh- 12% of all marriages

Does not affect first Rh+ unborn antibodies form to combat foreign Rh+

Anti-Rh-immune globulin vaccine

Mother’s Physical Health Healthy weight for age, height, and

body type Good eating habits Regular physical activity

Mother’s Emotional Health When a mother is happy and relaxed,

adrenaline level is low heartbeat and breathing are slow muscles are relaxed

When a mother is under stress, heartbeat and muscle tension increases in both mother and baby

Write a letter to your future self about the importance of

good health habits during pregnancy. State specific

things your need to do and change.

Health Habits During Pregnancy Nutrition Weight gain Rest and sleep Physical activity

Nutrition By the twelfth week, baby completely

depends on mother for food Cells need proteins, fats, carbohydrates,

minerals, and vitamins Follow the food guidance system

developed by the USDA Drink eight 8-ounce glasses of water Limit caffeine intake

Weight Gain Between 25–35 pounds More for multiples

40–45 pounds for twins Exact amount depends on height and

pre-pregnancy weight

Where does the weight come from?

Baby 7.5 pounds Uterus 2.0 pounds Placenta 1.5 pounds Amniotic Fluid 2.0 pounds Blood 3.5 pounds Breast Growth 1.5 pounds Fat and Protein 4.0 pounds Fluid Retention 4.0 pounds

Average weight gain 26 pounds

Rest and Sleep Eight to nine hours of sleep a night One 15- to 30-minute rest (with or

without sleep) during the day

Physical Activity Activity helps

keep weight within normal limits strengthens muscles women use in

delivery increases energy relieves tension

Avoid contact sports, activities that jolt the pelvic region, and activities that could result in falls

Health Hazards to Avoid Diseases or illnesses in the mother Drugs

recreational and prescription Radiation exposure

medical X-rays should be avoided Environmental pollution

lead, chemicals, pesticides, herbicides

Diseases or Illnesses in the Mother Diabetes is caused by the body’s

inability to use sugar properly gestational diabetes affects women who

did not have diabetes before pregnancy Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension

(PIH) is high blood pressure caused by pregnancy referred to as preeclampsia or toxemia

Diseases or Illnesses in the Mother Sexually transmitted infections

(STIs) are infectious illnesses that are passed primarily through sexual intercourse also known as sexually transmitted

diseases (STDs) acquired immunodeficiency

syndrome (AIDS)

Drugs Medications

prescribed over-the-counter dietary supplements herbal products

Alcohol fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)

Nicotine Illegal drugs

Complications Congenital problem is a physical or

biochemical problem present since birth Pre-term birth is before 37 weeks of

pregnancy Miscarriage is the expulsion of the

baby before 20 weeks of pregnancy stillbirth is the loss of the fetus after 20

weeks of pregnancy

Complications Ectopic pregnancy in fallopian tubes Too much amniotic fluid Too little amniotic fluid Bleeding in late pregnancy Placenta abruptio (placenta detaches

from uterus) Placenta previa (placenta over cervix) Pregnancy-induced hypertension

Monitoring the Baby’s Development Blood test given at 12 weeks is called a

triple-screen measures AFP (alpha-fetoprotein), HCG

(human chorionic gonadotropin), and estriol (protein found during pregnancy)

screens for neural tube defects, Down syndrome, and severe abnormalities

Other blood tests screen for STIs and gestational diabetes

Monitoring the Baby’s Development Ultrasound produces an image of the

fetus inside the womb checks for structural abnormalities used at any time safe and routine

Month-by-Month Pregnancy Activity Nine groups – 1 group for each month of

pregnancy. Use the same month as before. Must include:

an overall description of what occurs during that month

At least five facts At least 3 pictures Must be neat and professional. Take your

time and make it look good! You will be presenting these.

FASIn what ways do the Fetal Alcohol Syndrome baby and Drug Addicted baby act and look different from a normal baby?

After seeing the effects of FAS, what would you do if you saw a pregnant woman drinking?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X9ap3Iimimk http://

www.youtube.com/watch?v=31M_GDVYLe0&feature=related (3:03)