Ch 6 Sec 1-4Federalist Era (1789-1801)

“We are in a wilderness without a single footprint to guide us.”

James Madison

What is this????

That’s Weird!!!

• The sentence “The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog” uses every letter of the alphabet

• In an average lifetime you will eat 35,000 cookies

• When born the white whale is black

Issues to think of?????What was it like coming from middle school to

high school?

We are going to study the tense and exciting first years of the newly created U.S. and how

the U.S. government addressed the many new issues it faced!!!

George Washington (1789-1797)

President

Past Experience: Leader during Revolution

John Adams, Vice President

Past Experience: Leader during Revolution

Federalist

Thomas Jefferson, Secretary of StatePast Experience: Main writer of the

Declaration of IndependenceAnti-Federalist

Alexander Hamilton, Sec of the TreasuryPast Experience:

Personal aide to WashingtonDuring Revolution

Federalist

Henry Knox, Secretary of WarPast Experience:

Continental Army, Sec. of WarFederalist

The Federalist Era (1789-1801)1. What was Hamilton’s plan for paying off the Revolutionary War

debt?– National Government took over state debt and money would

be collected by taxes and tariffs (In return, capital would be moved to the South)

– The debt would slowly be paid off because interest would be added

2 Why did some oppose Hamilton’s plan?– Objected to the interference of the federal government on

local and state affairs (Strict vs. Loose interpretation of the Constitution)

3 How did the French Revolution (1793) divide Americans?– Federalist opposed it while Antifederalist saw it as an extension

of the American Revolution

The Federalist Era (1789-1801)

4. Why did the Whiskey Rebellion (1794) take place?– People of Pennsylvania were angry at the tax on Whiskey,

a large source of their economy5. Why did Jay’s Treaty (1795) cause controversy?

– Saw it as a sell out to the British and that it did not protect American ships on the high seas

6. How did the views of the Jeffersonian Republicans and the Federalists differ?– Federalists wanted a strong central government while the

Jeffersonian Republics believed in a less overbearing government

Define the following:• Tariff-a tax on imported goods• Whiskey Rebellion (1794)-Uprising by Pennsylvania farmers

protesting a tax they thought unfair• Jay’s Treaty (1795)-Treaty siding with the British over the

French (Angered many Americans and Frenchmen)• Loose Construction-Constitution is a loose framework that the

government can build on as they see fit• Strict Construction-Government should not do anything that

the Constitution does not specifically say it can do

Brain Scan

• There are 50,000 of these throughout the year?– Earthquakes

• This country is the smallest in the world at only .02 miles wide?– Vatican City

• 7% of Americans don't know the first 9 words of this?– American anthem

That’s Weird?????

• "The bikini got it’s name from the oooh and awe resulting from a nuclear test at Bikini Atoll.”

• The slogan on New Hampshire license plates is 'Live Free or Die'. These license plates are manufactured by prisoners in the state prison in Concord.

• The term "devil's advocate" comes from the Roman Catholic church. When deciding if someone should be sainted, a devil's advocate is always appointed to give an alternative view.

George Washington

“Steer clear of permanent alliances”

Hamilton

Federalist with a strong belief of a

central government

Stressed manufacturing, commerce, and

finance. Wanted a National Bank!

Loose Interpretation

Admired British society but abhorred

the violence and social disruption of French Revolution

Pay it under the federal government

(Assumption)

Federalist or Antifederalist

View on Central Government

Strict vs. Loose interpretation of

Constitution

The American Economy and National Bank

Paying the national debt from the war

British society and the French Revolution

Antifederalist national government should stay out of local and state government

Strict Interpretation

Wanted agrarian society. Thought bank was only for

rich

Initially opposed but accepted the plan because of Capital moved to the South

(D.C.)

Disliked British society and admired French Revolution

Views Jefferson

Define the Following• XYZ Affair (1797)-Angered at Jay’s Treaty, French agents (X, Y, Z)

tried to bribe American officials in order to meet with the French foreign minister. U.S. began to cry for war, but didn’t!

• Alien Sedition Act (1798)-President had the right to deport any illegal aliens AND any person who wrote anything negative about the government could be fined or jailed

• Virginia and Kentucky Resolution (1798)-Response to the Alien Sedition Act, the resolution claimed states could decide if acts by the federal government were constitutional or unconstitutional

Define the Following

• Election of 1800 between Adams and Jefferson-Jefferson won the popular vote but not the majority of electoral. It was brought to the House where Jefferson won! First transfer of Power!

• Marbury v. Madison (1803)-Set up Judicial review for the supreme Court

• Embargo Act (1807)-Jefferson outlawed trade against British and French, devastating the economy

Louisiana Purchase• During the presidency of Thomas

Jefferson, the United States succeeded in purchasing from France a large body of land known as the Louisiana Territory.

• On April 30, 1803, Robert Livingston, ambassador to France, and James Monroe, special envoy, concluded a treaty in Paris in which the United States purchased from France the whole of the Louisiana territory for $15,000,000.

• With inflation, the Louisiana Purchase cost 217 billion in today’s money

Aaron Burr vs. Alexander Hamilton

Native American Resistance (1790-1811)

Leaders People/Places Response

Little Turtle Miami (Northern Indiana) Assimilate and accept white culture; live in peace

Handsome Lake Seneca (Western New York)

Called for a rebirth of Seneca culture that would blend Native American customs with those of Americans (on his terms)

Tenskwatawa Shawnee (Northern Indiana)

Called for a return to traditional Native American ways and a total rejection toward assimilation (military action if necessary)

Tecumseh Shawnee (Northern Indiana)

Take military action against American expansion

That’s Weird????

• Every time you lick a stamp, you're consuming 1/10 of a calorie.

• In ancient Egypt, Priests plucked every hair from their bodies, including their eyebrows and eyelashes.

• The average human body contains enough fat to make seven bars of soap.

Define the Following

• Treaty of Greenville (1795)-The agreement that stripped Native American of the Southern two thirds of Ohio after the battle of “Fallen Timbers”

• Battle of Tippecanoe (1811)-William Henry Harrison fought and destroyed Native American morale eroding confidence in Tenskwatawa and Tecumseh

War of 1812-Americans believed the British were supporting Native Americans on

settlers-The British were

forcing Americans into military service (impressment)

The United States declares war on Britain in 1812

-U.S. suffer economically b/c of disruption of trade

-a return to the pre-war boundaries between U.S.

and British territories

-British banks demanded that American banks pay

them the money they owed them

-Flooded market with inexpensive goods

1819 U.S. experiences a

depression

-Americans were ruined financially when banks

demanded that they repay loans the banks had made for them-Congress passes protective

Tariff

Americans were concerned about the expansion of slavery

The Missouri Compromise is passed in 1820

-Missouri would be admitted in as a slave state and Maine as a

free state

-North did not want South to gain power in the Senate

Definitions • Battle of New Orleans-(1814) A victory for the U.S. Led

by Andrew Jackson after the treat of Ghent was signed • Impressement-The process in which people are forced

into military service• Treaty of Ghent-(1814) Ended the war of 1812• Missouri Compromise-(1820) The compromise that

maintained the balance between slave and free states in Congress