Ch 7 Immigrants and Urbanization

Identify and explain the significance

Ch 7 Section 1 Terms & names

Ellis Island Angel island Melting pot Nativism

Section 2 Urbanization Americanization movement Tenement Mass transit Social gospel Settlement house Jane Addams

Section 3 Political Machine Graft Boss Tweed Patronage Civil Service Pendleton Civil Service Act

DIRECTIONSFor each term Explain what it is AND why its important

to this time period.

Section 1 The New immigrants

Push factors– Famine, land shortages or religious and

political persecution Pull Factors

– A better life, rel. freedom, pol. freedom– “birds of passage” immigrate, temporarily

and return with money

Europeans

New Immigrants came from– Southern and Eastern Europe

Italy, Austria-Hungary

and Russia– Left for religious persecution– Pogroms – organized

attacks

Chinese and Japanese

Chinese came in smaller numbers– Gold rush– Work on the trains

Japanese workers– Recruited by Hawaiian planters

(annexed in 1898)– High wages drove more people here

Life in the New land

A difficult Journey 1 week from Europe 3 weeks from Asia Crowded together not allowed on deck, no

exercise or fresh air Disease spread quickly Ellis Island in New York Harbor

– Detained for inspection 5 hours to a few days– Checked for medical and legal reasons

Cont.

Angel Island -San Francisco –West Coast Settled in communities together

(homogeneous) Formed organizations to help themselves

Chinese Exclusion Act

In 1882-Banned entry to all Chinese Except students, teachers, merchants tourist and government officials

Not repealed until 1943

Melting PotThe true picture

Americanization?

Gentlemen's Agreement

After California passed segregation law in the school against Japanese

Japan Agreed to restrict unskilled labor in exchange for the repeal of the segregation

The Rise of Nativism

Nativism, overt favoritism toward native-born Americans

KKK rises in numbers in response to immigration

Section 2 the Challenges of Urbanization

• Urban Opportunities– Urbanization –rapid growth of cities– Immigrants settle in the cities– Americanization movement – designed to

assimilate people into the dominant culture– Ethnic communities supplied support– Migration from country to city

• Fewer farm laborers needed• African Americans move to cities

Urban Problems

• Housing– Housing outside cities had transportation

problems– Tenements, multifamily urban dwellings– Transportation – mass transit- street cars,

electric subways– Water- safe drinking water was a problem

• Diseases such as cholera and typhoid fever• Filtration and then chlorination in 1908

Cont.

• Crime- first full timed salaried police force in 1844

• Fire- limited water supply caused problems

Section 2 mapping

Section 3 Politics in the Gilded Age

• The Emergence of Political Machines– Organized group that controlled the activities

of a political party by controlling votes, courts and police

– The Role of the Political Boss• Access to municipal jobs and business licenses• Some used this to help• Provided solutions• Helped with immigration, naturalization, jobs and

housing

Municipal Graft and Scandal

• Election Fraud

• Take advantage of position for personal gain – Graft

• Kickback system

• Took bribes to allow illegal activities, such as gambling.

the Kickback

Civil Service Replaces Patronage

• Giving government jobs to people who had helped a candidate get elected

• Spoils System• Reformers began to push for the

elimination of the spoils System and adoption of the merit system

• Civil Service jobs –government administration – should go to the most qualified

Hayes, Garfield and Arthur

• Republican president Rutherford B. Hayes was elected in 1876 tried to get congress to reform –

2000 presidential election

Hayes, Garfield and Arthur

• Republican split• In 1880 The

republicans run James A. Garfield a reformer and Chester A. Arthur a Stalwart

Stalwarts Reformers (halfbreeds)

Did not want change

Supported reforms to end spoils system

Chester A. Arthur VP

James A. Garfield P

Assassination of Garfield

• Garfield was assassinated by Charles Guiteau on July 2, 1881 only a few months after taking office

• Arthur now president had to adjust- becoming a reformer– Pendleton Civil Service Act of 1883

Business Buys Influence

• With the end of the spoil system politicians turned to wealthy business owners for campaign contributions

• Grover Cleveland first democrat elected in 28 years– Tried to lower tariffs – no congress support

• Ran for reelection in 1888 but lost to Benjamin Harrison

Tariff Reform

• Free Traders– No tariff or low tariff– Supported by farmers– People who thought the treasure had too

much money

• Protectionist– High tariff– Supported by business owners– Wanted protection for American business

Do not copy