ch 9 global stratification 2014 - luverne public schools pdf's... · · 2014-03-18chapter 9...

3/18/14

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Chapter 9

Global Stratification

Systems of Social Stratification - Slavery •  Causes •  Conditions

– Temporary – Not Necessarily: Inheritable, Powerless, Poor

•  Bonded Labor in the New World •  Slavery in the New World •  Slavery Today

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Systems of Social Stratification - Caste •  India’s Religious Castes •  South Africa

– Europeans of Dutch descent used to control the government, the police, and the military

•  U.S. Racial Caste System – From the moment of birth, race marked

everyone for life



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Systems of Social Stratification - Estate •  Three Estates

– Nobility – Clergy – Serfs

•  Women in the Estate System


Systems of Social Stratification - Class •  Class System •  Based on Money and Material

Possessions •  Relatively Fluid •  Social Mobility


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Systems of Social Stratification - Other •  Global Stratification and the Status of

Women – Gender is a basis for social stratification

•  The Global Superclass – Growing interconnections among the world’s

wealthiest people produce a global superclass


Determinants of Social Class

•  Karl Marx: – The Means of Production – Bourgeoisie – Proletariat – Class Consciousness – False class consciousness

•  Max Weber: Property, Power, & Prestige


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...own 85 percent of the earth's wealth

The wealthiest 10 percentof adults worldwide...

10%

90%90%

10%

15%

85%

...own 40 percent of theearth's wealth

The wealthiest 1 percentof adults worldwide...

40%

60%

1%

99%99%

1%

The Distribution of the Earth’s Wealth


(Warren Buffet;the wealthyin general)

(Olympic goldmedalists who

endorseproducts)

(Abe Lincoln;Barack Obama)

(the wealthymen whobecome

presidents)

Property

Power Prestige

(Ronald Reagan;Arnold

Schwarzenegger)

Prestige

Power Property

(crookedpoliticians)

Power

Property Prestige

Weber’s Three Components of Social Class

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Why is Social Stratification Universal? Functionalist View •  Davis and Moore’s Explanation

– Society Must Make Sure Positions are Filled – Some Positions More Important than Others –  Important Positions Be Filled with Those

Qualified – To Motivate Qualified People, They Must Be

Rewarded


Why is Social Stratification Universal? Functionalist View •  Tumin’s Critique of Davis and Moore

– How do We Know Positions Most Important? •  Heart Surgeon vs Garbage man

– Stratification Should = Meritocracy •  College should be ability but….. Income?

–  It Ought to Benefit Everyone •  Dysfunction for many…. Could have but…..

–  Females….. Slums…..


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Why is Social Stratification Universal? Conflict Perspective

•  Mosca’s Argument – No Society Can Exist Unless Organized – Leadership Requires Inequalities of Power

•  Some are born leaders vs born followers…. (wannabies) – Human Nature is Self-Centered

•  We take care of our selves first….

– Functionalist Explanation is Ideology of Elite – Class Consciousness Will Overcome Blinding

Ideology


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Why is Social Stratification Universal? Conflict Perspective •  Current Applications of Conflict Theory

– Power relations among nations, how national elites control workers

•  And how power shifts as capital is shuffled among nations


Why is Social Stratification Universal? Conflict Perspective

•  Lenski’s Synthesis – Functionalist are right when it comes to groups

that don’t accumulate a surplus (hunting and gather) give greater resources to those who do important task

– Different story when they accumulate surpluses, dominant group rules from top, controlling groups below.

– Conflict theorist stress that in every society groups struggle with one another to gain a larger share of their society’s resources


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How Do Elites Maintain Stratification?

•  Soft Control vs. Force •  (Ideology vs Brute Force)

– Controlling People’s Ideas (ideology) •  Divine right of kings

– Controlling Information (harder today then before) •  National Security “classified” •  TV, radio…. 6:30 news release for bad news vs noon

release of good info •  Internet, twitter, face book, smart phones



•  (Ideology vs Brute Force) – Controlling People’s Ideas (ideology) – Controlling Information (harder today then before) – Stifling Criticism – Controlling Technology

•  Brute Force – Dictators, Monarchy. Live by sword, die by sword


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•  Soft Control vs. Force •  (Ideology vs Brute Force) •  Brute Force

– Dictators, Monarchy. Live by sword, die by sword


Comparative Social Stratification

•  Social Stratification in Great Britain – Great Britain has a class system that can be

divided into lower, middle, and upper classes – Education is the primary way by which the

British perpetuate their class system •  Social Stratification in Former Soviet

Union


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Global Stratification: Three Worlds

•  The Most Industrialized Nations •  The Industrializing Nations •  The Least Industrialized Nations (3rd world) •  Modifying the Model

– Oil-rich nations of the Middle East – Kuwait is an excellent example



The Most Industrialized Nations

NationIncome per

PersonLuxembourgNorwaySingaporeUnited StatesHong KongSwitzerlandIcelandAustriaNetherlandsCanadaSwedenAustraliaBelgiumDenmarkUnited KingdomFinlandGermanyFranceJapanItalyTaiwanIsraelSloveniaNew ZealandKorea, SouthCzech Republic

$77,600$59,300$50,300$46,400

$42,700$41,600$39,800$39,400$39,000$38,400$36,800$38,500$36,600$36,200$35,400$34,900$34,200$32,800$32,600$30,200$30,200$28,400$28,200$27,700$27,700$25,100

12345 6789

1011121314151617181920212223242526

IrelandSpainGreecePortugalSlovakiaGreenlandEstoniaHungaryPolandCroatiaRussiaLithuaniaMalaysiaChileLibyaLatviaArgentinaGabonVenezuelaMexicoBulgariaMauritiusRomaniaCosta RicaTurkeyBrazilSouth AfricaCubaChina

2728293031323334353637383940414243444546474849505152535455

$42,200$33,700$32,100$21,700$21,100$20,000$18,800$18,800$17,800$17,600$15,200$15,000$14,700$14,700$14,600$14,500$13,800$13,700$13,200$13,200$12,600$12,400$11,500$11,300$11,200$10,200$10,000

$9,700$6,500

The Industrializing Nations

NationIncome per

Person

The Least Industrialized Nations

NationIncome per

Person

UruguayBotswana2

PanamaBelarusLebanonKazakhstanAzerbaijanColombiaMacedoniaSurinameAngolaPeruJamaicaBelizeDominicanRepublicThailand

$12,600$12,100$11,900$11,600$11,500$11,400

$9,900$9,200$9,000$8,800$8,800$8,600$8,300$8,200

$8,200$8,100

565758596061626364656667686970

71

NationIncome per

PersonTunisiaEcuadorAlgeriaTurkmenistanUkraineNamibiaBosniaAlbaniaBhutanEl SalvadorEgyptArmeniaJordanGuatemalaSyriaBoliviaMorocco

$8,000 $7,300$7,100$6,700$6,400$6,400$6,300$6,200$6,200$6,000$6,000$5,900$5,300$5,200$4,700$4,600$4,600

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4

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101

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81

70

58

69

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94

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73

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32

Global Stratification: Income of the World’s Nations

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The Least Industrialized Nations

NationIncome per

Person NationIncome per



PersonGeorgiaSri LankaSwazilandHondurasCongoParaguayIndonesiaGuyanaMongoliaPhilippinesIndiaVietnamNicaraguaUzbekistanDjiboutiPakistanYemen

8990919293949596979899

100101102103104105

$4,500$4,500$4,400$4,200$4,200$4,100$4,000$3,900$3,400$3,300$3,100$2,900$2,800$2,800$2,800$2,600$2,500

106107108109

110111112113114115116117118119120121

MoldovaNigeriaCameroonPapua-NewGuineaSudanKrygyzstanLaosMauritaniaCambodiaKorea, NorthTajikistanCote d’lvoireSenegalKenyaBangladeshChad

$2,400$2,400$2,300

$2,300$2,300$2,100$2,100$2,100$1,900$1,800$1,800$1,700$1,700$1,600$1,600$1,500

122123124125126127128129130

131132133134135136137

BeninGhanaLesothoZambiaTanzaniaHaitiGambiaUgandaBurma(Myanmar)Burkina FasoNepalGuineaMaliMadagascarRwandaTogo

$1,500$1,500$1,500$1,500$1,400$1,300$1,300$1,300

$1,200$1,200$1,200$1,100$1,100$1,000$1,000

$900

138139140141142143144

145146147148149

150

EthiopiaMalawiMozambiqueSierra LeoneAfghanistanEritreaCentral AfricanRepublicNigerGuinea-BissauSomaliaBurundiCongo, Dem.Rep.Zimbabwe

$900$900$900$900$800

$700

$700$700$600$600

$300

$300$200

The Oil-Rich Nations

NationIncome per

Person

QatarKuwaitUnited ArabEmiratesBahrainEquatorialGuineaSaudi ArabiaOmanIranIraq3

$121,400$55,800

$41,800$38,400

$36,100$20,300$20,300$12,900$3,300

151152153

154155

156157158159

1

6

2

13

14

8

927 17

16

18

11

15

202830 29

2634

78

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59

42

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33

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72 60

155

53

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108

120

112130

115

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132

97

129

80

66

144

116

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143

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107

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118 98

84 55

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8241

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6289

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215

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71

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95

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154151

156

158

157

159

153

105

152

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24

124

91

148

7 Global Stratification: Income of the World’s Nations


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How Did World’s Nations Become Stratified? •  Colonialism •  World System Theory

– The globalization of capitalism •  Culture of Poverty •  Evaluating the Theories

– Most sociologists prefer colonialism and world system theory


Maintaining Global Stratification

•  Neocolonialism – Relevance Today

•  Multinational Corporations – Buying Political Stability – Unanticipated Consequences

•  Technology and Global Domination – Race Outcome Predetermined


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Strains in the Global System

•  It is never easy to maintain global stratification

•  Stream of Unanticipated Events •  Contradictions Rear Up •  Cracks in Global Banking


ch 9 global stratification 2014 - luverne public schools pdf's... · · 2014-03-18chapter 9...

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