ch15_humphrey-everyday forms of dev. beh

8/2/2019 CH15_Humphrey-Everyday Forms of Dev. Beh.

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CHAPTER 15

Extreme Forms of EverydayBehaviors: Exercising, Working,

and Web Surfing


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Learning Objectives

After reading this chapter you should know

The nature, characteristics, and consequences of

extreme forms of everyday behaviors. The nature and characteristics of overworking and of

the overworked.

The nature and characteristics of computer andInternet addiction.

The nature and characteristics of extreme sports.

Some theoretical explanations of workaholism,computer addiction, and extreme sports participation.


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Types of Extreme Addictions

Workaholism. An addiction to work, the compulsionor the uncontrollable need to work incessantly.

Internet addiction disorder. Compulsive use of theInternet with evidence of disturbed and irritated

behavior when access is denied, including withdrawalsymptoms and the loss of emotional control; anemerging disorder suffered by people who find thevirtual reality on computer screens more attractivethan everyday reality.

Extreme sports. Forms of competitive andrecreational activities that range from high-risk,potentially life-threatening events to sports that testthe endurance of the participants.


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Machlowitzs Four Types of

Workaholics Dedicated workaholics

Integrated workaholics

Diffused workaholics

Intense workaholics


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Behavioral Patterns of Workaholics

Compulsive-dependent

Driven to work.

Unable to control their need to work incessantly.

Not working causes anxiety.

Perfectionist

Characterized by their need to be in control oftheir work situation as well as all other aspects oftheir lives.

Tends to be to be inflexible and rigid. Focuses on details, rules, and lists.

Often resort to aggressive and domineering tacticsto control the work of their colleagues


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Behavioral Patterns of Workaholics

(continued) Achievement-oriented

Have a strong desire for upward

occupational mobility. Strongly committed to their careers.

Highly competitive.

Driven by the need to succeed. Strive for excellence and recognition as

leaders in their fields.


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Robinsons Four Types of

Workaholics Relentless workaholic

Bulimic workaholic

Attention-deficit workaholic Savoring workaholic


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Characteristics of Workaholics

Workaholics have strong self-doubts.

Workaholics prefer labor to leisure.

Workaholics can, and do, work anytime andanywhere.

Workaholics make the most of their time.

Workaholics blur the distinctions betweenbusiness and pleasure.


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Overworking Patterns and Trends

One in four American workers report they areoften or very often burned out by theirwork and consider their jobs to be the worststressor in their lives.

Three in four Americans believe workerstoday suffer more on-the-job stress thanworkers a generation ago.

Work-related problems result in more illnessthan any other source of stress, more thanfinancial or family problems.


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Overworking Patterns and Trends

(continued) The average American works the equivalent

of an astonishing eight weeks a year longer

than the average western European. In Norway and Sweden, ordinary workers get

four to six weeks of vacation and up to a yearof paid parental leave.

The average Japanese businessperson takesonly half his or her paid holidays.


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Components of Internet Addiction

Excessive use

Withdrawal

Tolerance Negative repercussions


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Symptoms of Computer Addiction

Using the computer for pleasure, gratification,or relief from stress.

Feeling irritable and out of control ordepressed when not using it.

Spending increased amounts of time andmoney on hardware, software, magazines,

and computer-related activities. Neglecting work, school, or family obligations.


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Symptoms of Computer Addiction

(continued) Lying about the amount of time spent on

computer activities.

Risking loss of career goals, educationalobjectives, and personal relationships.

Failing at repeated efforts to control computeruse.


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Types of Internet Addiction

Cybersexual addiction

Cyberaffair/relational addiction

Net compulsions Information overload


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Internet Addiction Patterns andTrends About 7 in 10 office workers use the Internet for

personal reasons during work hours.

Internet addiction is particularly high among personswho suffer from depression, anxiety disorders, social

phobias, and other compulsive disorders. Cyber sex addiction, online affairs, and online gaming

are the most common forms of Internet addiction.

Children who are addicted to the Internet also aremore likely to suffer from depression, have school-related problems, and are more apt to developphysical illness and obesity.

ReStart, the first Internet addiction treatment centerin the United States opened in 2009 near the

headquarters of Microsoft.


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Definition of Extreme Sports

Contains an element of danger

Are individualistic attempts to master an

activity, often through unexpected or creativeways, with the individuals oftentimesinterested in breaking records or exceedingprevious limitations of human endeavor

Are closely connected to a young andalternative subculture


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Examples of Extreme Sports

Ultraman marathons

BASE jumping

Ironman Triathlon Eco-challenge

Race Across America

Rock climbing

Street-luge racing

Sky surfing Bungee jumping

Sky flying


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Zuckermans Sensation Seeking

Scale Form V (SSSV) Used to assess the willingness to participate in

nonconventional or high-risk behaviors.

Includes four subscales

Thrill and adventure seeking

Experience Seeking

Disinhibition

Boredom susceptibility

Individuals who engage in high-risk sports andathletic events typically score very high on the SSSV.


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Table 152Explanations of Extreme Forms of Everyday

Behavior


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Table 152 (continued)

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