ch.20 ww1
DESCRIPTION
Chapter 20 Lecture NotesTRANSCRIPT
Things Everyone and their Mother Should Know
Top Facts about World War I
Chapter 20
Ultimatum
Emperor Franz-
Josef of Austria
HungarySerbia
Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany
Gives Austria
100 % support
Gives Austria-Hungary “blank check” -100% support
Tsar Nicholas II of Russia
Supports Serbia, threatens Austria with war
France
Supports Russia, threatens war with Germany
Threatens France & Russia
• World War I lasted from 1914-1918.
• It was supposed to be “a war to end all wars.”
The beginning… The reality of war…
“The entire campaign a resounding march of victory- “We’ll be home at Christmas,” the recruits shouted laughingly to their mothers in August of 1914 . . .”- Stefan Zweig, The World of Yesterday
“The wall of the trench is plastered with smoking splinters, lumps of flesh, and bits of uniform. . . The first recruit seems actually to have gone insane. ”- Erich Remarque, All Quiet on the Western Front
Primary Source: Views of the War
• Bismark made an alliance system that isolated France from all other European powers. •He wanted France to be a loner… • People are still upset about what Napolean did
France = Loner
Original Allies
France
Serbia
Russia
In the beginning, there were two sides:
•Austria-Hungary + Germany = B.F.F.•The 2 other countries that were fre-nemies with A + G were: • Russia (3 Emperor’s League)• Italy (Triple Alliance)
3 Emperor’s League
Triple Alliance
• Franz Ferdinand was heir to the throne
• He & his pregnant wife got shot by a Serbian Terrorist
• (Part of Black Hand Group)
Austria-Hungary
• Joined Allies when Germany invades neutral Belgium• This broke all rules of war & showed Germany’s bully side
Great Britain
• Owned passenger liner Lusitania
• Got sunk by a German u-boat
Great Britain
Used zeppelins and submarine warfare effectively during the war mainly against Gr. Britain
Germany
• Joined WWI after uncovering Germany’s plan to have Mexico fight the Central Powers• They were not as isolated as they thought
United States
• Troops helped turn the tide of the war against Central Powers• Became a world power as a result of WWI
United States
WWI
Propaganda
• US• France had dominant leaders • Britain at Paris Conference• Italy• Reparations = Payments for war damages• Germany had to pay $37 billion
Paris Peace Conference
• Both sides are at a standstill •Most trench warfare in WWI ended up in this situation
Stalemate
Whatever happened to Russia?• Enters WWI with largest army in the
world• Terribly unprepared for long war
• Military defeats, fatalities and economic devastation made Russia pull out of war.
• Corrupt and inefficient government at home lead to:
• 2 Revolutions and Communists take over• Vladimir Lenin
• Irony:• It was the United States
President’s creation, BUT the United States was NEVER part of it!
Leagues of Nations
Primary Source: Peace Making Reality
A 25 year old Adolf Hitler cheers the start of war in 1914