ch4 p 69. history robert hooke – 1665 – cork cells first to use the word ‘cell’ to describe...

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF CELLS Ch4 p 69

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STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF

CELLS

Ch4 p 69

History Robert Hooke – 1665 – Cork cells

First to use the word ‘cell’ to describe

the boxes he saw in cork, a plant

History Anton von Leeuwenhoek – 1673 – Simple

MicroscopesBasically a hand lensLooked at water, poop, muscle tissue, bacteria

Page 4: Ch4 p 69. History Robert Hooke – 1665 – Cork cells First to use the word ‘cell’ to describe the boxes he saw in cork, a plant

History leads to CELL THEORY

Matthias Schleiden – 1838 – All plants are made of cells

Theodor Schwann – 1839 – All animals are made of cells

All Combine to form the CELL THEORY:

1. All living things are made of one or more cells

2. Cells are the basic unit building block of organisms

3. Cells only come from other cells

Page 5: Ch4 p 69. History Robert Hooke – 1665 – Cork cells First to use the word ‘cell’ to describe the boxes he saw in cork, a plant

Cells are different Can be big, little, flat, round

A nerve cell can be 2 meters long!

Page 6: Ch4 p 69. History Robert Hooke – 1665 – Cork cells First to use the word ‘cell’ to describe the boxes he saw in cork, a plant

Page 7: Ch4 p 69. History Robert Hooke – 1665 – Cork cells First to use the word ‘cell’ to describe the boxes he saw in cork, a plant

Cells CAN NOT be that big

Size is limited by its Surface Area to VolumeSurface area is the amount of wrapping paper you need

to cover a presentVolume is how much stuff is inside

Page 8: Ch4 p 69. History Robert Hooke – 1665 – Cork cells First to use the word ‘cell’ to describe the boxes he saw in cork, a plant

TWO MAIN TYPES OF CELLS

PROKARYOTIC: pro= ‘pre’ Has NO nucleusHas NO organellesSmaller

EUKARYOTIC:Has a nucleusHas organellesLargerComplex

Page 9: Ch4 p 69. History Robert Hooke – 1665 – Cork cells First to use the word ‘cell’ to describe the boxes he saw in cork, a plant

Prokaryotic Cell

Page 10: Ch4 p 69. History Robert Hooke – 1665 – Cork cells First to use the word ‘cell’ to describe the boxes he saw in cork, a plant

Page 11: Ch4 p 69. History Robert Hooke – 1665 – Cork cells First to use the word ‘cell’ to describe the boxes he saw in cork, a plant

Page 12: Ch4 p 69. History Robert Hooke – 1665 – Cork cells First to use the word ‘cell’ to describe the boxes he saw in cork, a plant

Page 13: Ch4 p 69. History Robert Hooke – 1665 – Cork cells First to use the word ‘cell’ to describe the boxes he saw in cork, a plant

Organelles that we care about: Nuclear envelope Ribosome Flagella Rough ER Smooth ER Golgi DNA Lysosomes Centrioles Cell wall

Vacuole Cell membrane Chloroplast Mitochondria Cytoskeleton Nucleolus Cytoplasm

Page 14: Ch4 p 69. History Robert Hooke – 1665 – Cork cells First to use the word ‘cell’ to describe the boxes he saw in cork, a plant

Page 15: Ch4 p 69. History Robert Hooke – 1665 – Cork cells First to use the word ‘cell’ to describe the boxes he saw in cork, a plant

ORGANELLES = Animal Cell Parts

1. NucleusControl centerSurrounded by nuclear membrane

○ Nuclear Pore – a door to let information out of the nucleusContains DNA

○ DNA is also known as chromosomes or chromatin○ Is the actual directions for building the cell and the

organism○ Codes for (instructions) PROTEINS

Nucleolus○ Where ribosomes are made

Page 16: Ch4 p 69. History Robert Hooke – 1665 – Cork cells First to use the word ‘cell’ to describe the boxes he saw in cork, a plant

ORGANELLES = Animal Cell Parts

2. MitochondriaChanges your food into energy called ATP‘MIGHTY MITOCHONDRIA’Where respiration takes place

3. RibosomesRRR = Ribosomes READ RNA and make Proteins

○ They help direct how to make a proteinCan be attached to the ER or floating in the cytoplasm

Page 17: Ch4 p 69. History Robert Hooke – 1665 – Cork cells First to use the word ‘cell’ to describe the boxes he saw in cork, a plant

ORGANELLES = Animal Cell Parts

4. Endoplasmic ReticulumCan be smooth – no ribosomes connectedOr rough – ribosomes stuck on itWhere chemicals and proteins are made and wrapped

in a membrane – MAKES THINGSLooks like a warm lava lamp

5. Golgi ApparatusFixes proteins to be sent out of the cellGOLGI = FEDEX

Page 18: Ch4 p 69. History Robert Hooke – 1665 – Cork cells First to use the word ‘cell’ to describe the boxes he saw in cork, a plant

ORGANELLES = Animal Cell Parts

6. LysosomesBreak down old cell partsBreak down food

7. CytoskeletonMade of:

○ Microfilaments ○ Microtubules

Sticks that provide supportHelp move parts around the cell, like roadsBecome SPINDLE FIBERS for cell division

Page 19: Ch4 p 69. History Robert Hooke – 1665 – Cork cells First to use the word ‘cell’ to describe the boxes he saw in cork, a plant

ORGANELLES = Animal Cell Parts

8. Cilia or FlagellaHair like organelles MOVEMENT

9. CentriolesHelps direct cell division

10. Cell MembraneSEMIPERMEABLE – ‘picky’

○ Selectively permeablePhospholipid Bilayer

Page 20: Ch4 p 69. History Robert Hooke – 1665 – Cork cells First to use the word ‘cell’ to describe the boxes he saw in cork, a plant

CELL MEMBRANE10. Cell Membrane

SEMIPERMEABLE – ‘picky’○ Selectively

permeablePhospholipid Bilayer

○ Hydrophobic tail○ Hydrophilic head

Page 21: Ch4 p 69. History Robert Hooke – 1665 – Cork cells First to use the word ‘cell’ to describe the boxes he saw in cork, a plant

Page 22: Ch4 p 69. History Robert Hooke – 1665 – Cork cells First to use the word ‘cell’ to describe the boxes he saw in cork, a plant

ORGANELLES = Plant Cell Parts

11. VacuoleHolds water, and mineralsLargest part of the plant cell

12. Cell WallStructure of the plant

13. ChloroplastPHOTOSYNTHESISUses sunlight and carbon dioxide to make glucose

Page 23: Ch4 p 69. History Robert Hooke – 1665 – Cork cells First to use the word ‘cell’ to describe the boxes he saw in cork, a plant

Page 24: Ch4 p 69. History Robert Hooke – 1665 – Cork cells First to use the word ‘cell’ to describe the boxes he saw in cork, a plant

Page 25: Ch4 p 69. History Robert Hooke – 1665 – Cork cells First to use the word ‘cell’ to describe the boxes he saw in cork, a plant

Page 26: Ch4 p 69. History Robert Hooke – 1665 – Cork cells First to use the word ‘cell’ to describe the boxes he saw in cork, a plant

Page 27: Ch4 p 69. History Robert Hooke – 1665 – Cork cells First to use the word ‘cell’ to describe the boxes he saw in cork, a plant

Chapter 1 Section 2. Cells were discovered in 1665 by Robert Hooke. He observed them by looking at a thin slice of cork

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