Chair of Municipal hygiene and occupational health.

Lecture on municipal hygiene for 5 courses

Role and value of a street network in city planning.

TRANSPORT AND STREET ROAD NETWORK

At design of city and rural settlements it is necessary to provide uniform

system of transport and a street road network in coordination with

planirovochny structure of the settlement and the territory adjoining to

it.

TRANSPORT AND STREET ROAD NETWORK

Time expenses in the cities on movement from the places of residence to work places for 90 % of workers (one way) should not exceed, mines, for

the cities with the population, one thousand people:

2000 .......................45

1000 .......................40

500 .......................37

250 ……...................35

100 и менее ..........30

TRANSPORT AND STREET ROAD NETWORK

For the cities with population over 2 million people the most admissible expenses of time

should be determined by special justifications with the account:

actual moving,

placements of places of the appendix of work

level of development of transport systems.

TRANSPORT AND STREET ROAD NETWORK

It is necessary to define capacity of a network of

streets, roads and transport crossings, number of

places of storage of cars proceeding from

automobilization level.

EXTERNAL TRANSPORT

Passenger stations (a railway, motor, water transport and air terminals) should be placed,

providing transport communications with the city centre, between stations, with

residential and industrial regions.

EXTERNAL TRANSPORT• The housing estate is necessary for

separating from the railways a sanitary and protective zone the in width of 100 m, considering from an axis of an extreme railway way.

• At placement of the railways in dredging or at implementation of the special shumozashchit-ny events providing requirements Construction Norms and Regulations, the width of a sanitary and protective zone can be reduced, but no more than on 50 m.

Distances from stations to a housing estate are accepted on the basis of calculation taking into account size:

goods turnover,

transported cargoes,

admissible noise levels and vibration.

EXTERNAL TRANSPORTIn a sanitary and protective zone, out of a strip of

branch of the railway, it is allowed to place

highways

garages

parking of cars

Warehouses

establishments of household appointment. Not less than 50 % of the area of a sanitary and

protective zone should be planted trees and shrubs.

EXTERNAL TRANSPORT

Airfields it is necessary to place according to requirements Construction Norms and

Regulations at distance from the selitebny territory and zones of

mass rest of the population, providing safety of flights and

admissible levels of aviation noise.

NETWORK. STREETS AND ROADS

The street road network of settlements should be projected in the form of continuous system with the account:

functional purpose of streets and roads;

intensity of transport, bicycle and foot movement;

architectural планировочной territory organisations;

nature of building.

NETWORK. STREETS AND ROADS

Distance from the region of the main carriageway of the main

roads to the line of regulation of a housing estate it is necessary to accept not less than 50 m,

Under condition of application the devices providing requirements Construction Norms and

Regulations, not less than 25 m.

NETWORK. STREETS AND ROADS

Basic purpose of roads and streets

High-speed transport communication between remote industrial and planirovochny regions in the largest and

large cities;

Exits to external highways, to the airports, large zones of mass rest and settlements in moving system.

Transport communication between districts of the city on the separate directions and sites of mainly cargo

movement which is carried out out of a housing estate.

Width of streets and roadsIs defined by calculation depending on intensity of a traffic and pedestrians, structure of elements placed within a cross-section profile, taking into account sanitary-and-hygienic

requirements and requirements of civil defence. As a rule, the width of streets and roads in red lines is accepted, m:

main roads — 50—75;

main streets - 40—80;

streets and local roads — 15—25.

The width of a technical strip, and also dividing strips is established according to requirements Construction Norms and Regulations on transport

constructions.

Width of streets and roads

For movement of buses and trolleybuses on the main streets and roads in the big, large and largest cities it is necessary to

provide an extreme strip in width of 4 m;

The width of a foot part of sidewalks and paths do not join the areas necessary for placement of

booths, benches, etc.

Width of streets and roads

In the conditions of reconstruction on streets of local value, and also at settlement foot movement less than 50 persons/h in

both directions are allowed the device of sidewalks

and paths in width of 1 m.

Width of streets and roads

It is allowed to provide stage-by-stage achievement of settlement parametres of the main streets and roads, transport crossings

taking into account the concrete sizes of a traffic and pedestrians at obligatory reservation of the

territory and underground space for perspective construction.

NETWORK OF PUBLIC PASSENGER TRANSPORT AND FOOT MOVEMENT

• It is necessary to choose a type of public passenger transport on the basis of settlement passenger traffics and ranges of trips of passengers.

Provozny ability of different types of

transport, parametres of devices and constructions

(platforms, airfields) are defined at norm of filling of

a rolling stock.

I THANK FOR ATTENTION!