challenges and solutions for res integration within the
TRANSCRIPT
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Challenges and Solutions for RES integration within the Spanish Power System.
Red Eléctrica’s role
Toledo, 18 June 2010 Juan Fran. Alonso Llorente
RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA
Red Eléctrica de España (REE): Mission and principles.The existence of REE, world pioneer since 1985, as independent andexclusively dedicated to Transmission and System Operation, has provedfundamental for the fast and secure implementation of electricity market andintegration of RES
Designs, builds and maintains the transmission network.
Since 2007 as exclusive transmission company
Operates the system to guarantee the power supply.
Since 2006 also in the extra-peninsular systems
g
REE and the integration of RES. Toledo. 18 June 2010
FREE-FLOAT
80%
SEPI: Spanish Stated Owned Holding Company
SEPI 20 %
SHARE CAPITAL (Closure 2009):
2
Transmission GridMain magnitudes (SPPS)
Closure 2009
REE vs. TOT
Lines400 kV [km ct] 17 977 99,8%
≤ 220 kV [km ct] 16 777 98,4%
Subst.≤ 220 & 400 kV [nº bays] 3 385 96,8%
Transformers 400/X kV [MVA] 66 259 98,8%
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ContentsOverview of the Spanish Power System
Integration of Renewable Generation (RES) in Spain
past and prospects
sensitive aspects of RES for the power system
In System Planning and Access
Defining new technical requirementsDefining new technical requirements
In System Operation: the generation control
Final Remarks and Possible trends
RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA
251.509 GWh = 181.614 Net Ordinary Regime+ 81.785 Net Special Regime
3 770 H d t d d
Yearly Demand supply and coverage 2009
- 3.770 Hydro-pump storage demand- 8.120 International exchanges
Special Regime GenerationRenewable:Minihydro
Non Renewable:Cogeneration
Hydro‐power8.9%
Nuclear19.1%Wind
13 7%
Rest of special regime12.4%
Photovoltaic2.0%
Minihydro2.0%
REE and the integration of RES. Toledo. 18 June 2010
MinihydroBiomassWindIndustrial wasteUrban wasteSolar
CogenerationCoalFuel - Gas oilRefinery gasNatural gas
Coal12.1%
Fuel‐Gas0.7%
Combined cyclles29.0%
13.7%
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RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA
Installed capacity May 2010
Technology MW %H d RE C ti Waste Treat Hydro-power 16.657 17,85
Nuclear 7.455 7,99Coal 10.856 11,63Fuel-Gas 1.849 1,98Combined cycles 24.294 26,04Total (ordinary regime) 61.111 65,49Wind power generation 18.842 20,19Solar power 3.548 3,8Biomass 647 0,69
Hydro17,85% Nuclear
7,99%
Coal11,63%
Combined Cycle26,04%
Wind20,19%
Solar3,80%
Biomass0,69%
Hydro RE2,11%
Cogeneration6,46%
Waste Treat.1,25%
REE and the integration of RES. Toledo. 18 June 2010
Special regime hydro 1.965 2,11Cogeneration 6.027 6,46Waste treatment 1.170 1,25Total (special regime) 32.199 34,51
Total 93.310
Fuel‐Gas1,98%
26,04%
3.268 MW Solar PV280 MW Solar Thermal
RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA
Integration of renewables: prospects and challenges
38.000 MW*
Ambitious national objectives for RES (20% of final energy in 2020) requireadditional integration within the power system (>40% in the electric energy )
8.367 MW* 5.079 MW*
• Grid development• Technical Requirements• Control by TSO and more
Particular features imply technical and management challenges for the powersystem and the generation:
Location far from load and gridVulnerability to incidents(voltage dips)Primary energy: Lack of firmness and control
REE and the integration of RES. Toledo. 18 June 2010
REE is working to maximise SecureIntegration of RES in Power System
* Draft of NAP to by submitted to EC in June10
… without forgetting other organisational aspects
dispatchable resourcesPrimary energy: Lack of firmness and control
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RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA
Challenges for integrating RES generation. REE’s actionsRED ELÉCTRICA works for maximizing the secure integration of RES generation in its
different functions as System Operator and Transmission company:
Development and
reinforcement of
transmission grid
Energy Prospective: access and grid planning
Generation Adequacy Studies
Management of access and planning studies and proposals. Capacity Studies
Regulatory proposals (Grid Code) identifying technical and operational requisites
M t i l ti h i
REE and the integration of RES. Toledo. 18 June 20107
Management in real-time horizons
Production forecast: Wind and recently solar
Management of Ancillary Services
Contribution to system dispatchability by the development of a specific control arquitecture for RES generation
RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA
Managing Access and Planning the GridA good programming of new non-transmission facilities (e.g., generators) musttake into account decision and commissioning processes in transmission grid:
Decision on transmission facilities
Access to the grid• Regulated process to
assess the aceptability ofa new non-transmissionfacility
• Continuous process
Grid Planning• REE carries out the planning studies andproposals• National Goverment, with the collaboration ofRegional Administrations, approve the griddevelopment plan
• Every 4 years, new horizon (10 y)• Every year review with same horizon
REE and the integration of RES. Toledo. 18 June 20108
Continuous process• Every year, review with same horizonBinding (unlike indicative planning forgeneration)
The actual development of the grid (authorization, construction and ; from 1to more than 10 years)
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RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA
Grid development
WIND POWER: High presence intransmission (>60%, contrary toother systems with high penetration)
NºNodesRdT Today Future
220 & 400 kV 49 > 100
and expected to increase
250 MW150 MW 250 MW 22 MW
150 MW
REE and the integration of RES. Toledo. 18 June 2010 9
3.830 MW
4.293 MW 2.960 MW
Grid Applications: 14.730 MWT: 11.583 MWD: 3.147 MW
41 MW
435 MW
49 MW
22 MW
400 MW
100 MW
1.800 MW
SOLAR POWER:
TS.- Majoritary in transmission (≈ 80%)
FV.- Minoritary in transmission(≈ 5% ofexisting; few new plans)
RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA
RES generation does not avoid distribution grid but requires transmissionexpansion, where the majority of Wind Power (>60%) and Solar Thermal (>80%) isexpected. RES is a relevant motivation in the current Plan:
new lines and reinforcements for avoiding constrains operation facilities associated to physical connection
Main challenges: Grid Development
N b t ti d b
VCONEJOS
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COLIMPICA
CAMPONACVALDEBEBAS
LAS MERCEDES
HORTALEZA
SANCHINARROAENA
PARACUELLOS
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SSREYESSSREYES2
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ARGANZUELA
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SESENA
L AJARA
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S.COSTERA
CARIÑENA
MONZON II
TABIEL LA II
PIÑUEL
SAGRAJASSAGRAJAS
TAMBRE II
MONTEDERRAMOS
TORRECILLA
TAMBRE NUEVA
MONZON II
TABIEL LA II
MORELL
ELS AUBALS
SECUITASECUITA
facilities associated to physical connection
OH Circuit [km] 12.270UG Cables [km] 386Uprating lines [km] 8.308SS [nº bays *] 3.476Transformers [MVA] 52.450Reactors [Mvar] 2.800Capacitors [Mvar] 1.100
New substations and baysSome 100 buses in 220 kV
and 50 in 400 kV
REE and the integration of RES. Toledo. 18 June 2010
CASARES
ROMICA
ALANGE
ASOMADA
NESCOMBRERAS
PEÑARRUBIA
MANZANARES
TOTANA
PALMARPALMAR
PINILLA
ROCAMORA
ARCOSFRT
BRAZATORTAS
ARCHIDONA
SIBALBOA
GBRAL TAR
GUADAME
CARTAMA
BIENVENIDA
BROVALES
BAZA
HUENEJA
CARTUJA
JORDANA
ARENAL
LITORAL
SAN SERVAN
CABRA
PINARREY
CARMONA
TARIFA
PTOCRUZ
ALQUEVA
ALARCOS
BENEJAMA
R-C.REAL
CAMPOAMOR
CANTALAR
ARGAMASILLA
NOVELDA
BAJO SEGURA
ELCHE2
ESCOMBRERAS
FAUSITA
LAPALOMA
LA NAVA
HOYAMORENA
MTEBELLO
PALMAR
PALMERAL
PETREL
PICON
ROJALES
S.VICENT
SMSALINAS S.
S.P.PINATAR
SANTAPOLA
ACERINOX
ARROYOVALLE
AL CORES
AL GECIRA
ALHAURIN
ALMODOVAR
ALVARADO
ANDUJAR
ATARFE
BALBOA
BRAZATORTAS
CARTAMA
CADIZ
CARTUJA
CASARES
CASILLAS
SALTERAS
COSTASOL
COSTALUZ
ARENAL
DRODRIGO
ELCOGAS
ENCE
DOSHMNAS
GABIAS
FACINAS
CAPARACENA
FARGUE
SAN SERVAN
GUADAME
BENAHAVIS
GUILLENA
JORDANA
MONTEBAJO
MERIDA
VENTILLA
OLIVARESOLIVARES
ONUBA
PARRALEJO
ORGIVA
GAZULES
PINARREY
PALOS
PURMARIAPURMARIA
POLIGONO
PTOREAL
P.LLANO
ROCIO
SANTIPON
S.ELVIRA
CARMONA
SID ERAND
TAJOENCANTADA
PTOCRUZ
TORARENILLAS
UBEDA
VENTAINES
VNUEVREY
S.ROQUES.ROQUE
MANZANARES
N.CASARES
TALQUEVA
PALMAR
TCASARES
SAX
VAGUADAS
AZAHARA
QUINTOS
VILANOVA
CAMPANARIO
GANDIAP.TABERNES
VERGEL
TORREVIEJA
LANCHA
PUEBLA DE GUZMAN
JIJONA
N C.COLON
SANLUCAR
MONTEALEGRE
GIBALBIN
ALCOLEA
MAZUELOS
CORNISA
MONTIJO
RODANDAL
L.MONTES
EUROPACENTRO
TORREMOLINOS
ENSANCHE
URSO
PUENTE GENIL
GUADAIRA
PADUL
BENAHADUX
CORBONES
COSARIO
ULEA
BALSICASMURCIA
MAR MENOR
SUPERNORTEIL IPA
PAL ACIOS
VIRGENRO
ESPARTINASSTABARBARA
RANILL AS
EMPALME
CABO HUERTASALTET
RABASA
ALICANTE
TORREMENTORREMEN
MAIMONA
BERJA
VILLAJOYOSA
SMSALINAS N.
MONDAATANASIO
MANILVA
SALADAS
ANTEQUERA
RODANDAL
CENTENARN.CENTENAR
ARNEVA
LA RIBINA
NERJA
ANTEQUERA 2
JANDULA
LITORALTABERNASTABERNAS
UNIVERSIDAD
CASTALLAPETREL ESTE
JIJONA
MONTESA
GANDIA SUR
GUADAIRA
CRUZCAMPO
ATAL AYA
STAJUSTA
ENTRENUCL EOS
LOSRAMOS
CARRILPITAMO
SALADAS
ILLORA
M ARI SM AS
PAL OMARES
AL JARAFE
CASAQUEMADA
LA NAVA II
ALMADEN
SAGRAJAS
N.SALADAS
BARRIOS
Particular significance: Spain-France interconnection
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6
RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA
The development of Spain-France Interconnection with a2 1000 MW DC d d li
Development of the Spain-France Interconnection: A priority
Spain –and Portugal- form a peninsula, also electrically, with weak electricalinterconnections with the European Union.
new 2 x 1000 MW DC underground line-Prioritary Project with “European Coordinator”-1st step for objective of 4.000 MW of commercialcapacity-Necessary for building the IEM-Fundamental for RES integration in Spain (& Portugal)
REE and the integration of RES. Toledo. 18 June 2010 11
RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA
The transmission grid development in EuropeThe Ten Tear Network Development Plan (TYNDP) is being elaborated byENTSO-E
RES integration is a main motivation: representing > 25% of investment
REE and the integration of RES. Toledo. 18 June 2010
Presented by ENTSO-E at Florence forum
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RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA
Access and Connection : OverviewProcedures for Access and Connection are managed by REEMain Features
Main Perspective Object - Scope
Access System Operation System behaviour
Procedures
Access ApplicationConnection to Transmission >>> SO (REE)
Connection to Distribution (> 10 MW.) > DO> SO (REE)
REE issues a report evaluating access feasibility, fulfilling system security criteria
Access System Operation System behaviour
Connection Transmission Engineering and Physical Feasibility
2m
REE and the integration of RES. Toledo. 18 June 201013
pConnection Application >>> Trans.Co.
Agent submits engineering Project and Programme
Trans.Co. elaborates Report of Technical Conditions for Connection
SO (REE) supervises and issues a report
Agent < TECHNICAL ACCESS CONTRACT> Transmission Company
1m1m
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TOPOLOGICAL SCOPE NATURE OF LIMITATION
Planning and access studies for special generationThe planning and access studies are carried out with different analysisperspectives and different time horizons, resulting in connection capacitieswhich enable location optimization:
• Transmission node (and associateddistribution)
Load flow capacityShort-circuit power (Scc)Stability
ΣCapNode > CapReg : Nodal capacities are not mutually compatible and resulting grid development needs are not coherent• Electric zones (and associated distribution)
sharing constraintLoad flow capacityShort-circuit power (Scc)Stability
Regional and Zonal Capacities are the “reference” for Regional Administrations (competent f AA f SRG) d f t
REE and the integration of RES. Toledo. 18 June 2010 14
for AA of SRG) and for access management• Power System Feasibility Balance P+jQ
Stability
This scenario validates up to the regional level and avoids persistentconstraints within this scope
However, lack of national coordination does not prevent potential constraintswhen regional plans are developed up to their limits
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Prospects for SRG. Recent regulationNew national regulation oriented to gradual control of generation to beconnected per year, securing economic and technical sustainability:
Non PV: RDL6/2009 (7may09): Register and mechanism (9 requisites, incl A&C)
ResMin 19Nov09 (CM Agreement13nov09): Identification of generation projects withl ti t f Wi d Pl t ( 1 700 MW) d S l Th l l t ( 500 MW)annual contingents : for Wind Plants (≈ 1.700 MW) and Solar-Thermal plants (≈ 500 MW)
{in adition, ≈ 500 MW in Solar PV }
6604
6604
12115
12115
18719
18719
8792
18719
27511
7982
14734
22715
EOL_RdDp
EOL_RdDr
EOL_RdTp
EOL_RdTr
EOL_TOTp
EOL_TOTr
PES
CTA pte PES (RdT)
AutCon pte PES
REE and the integration of RES. Toledo. 18 June 2010 15
81
81
250
250
331
331
903
4254
5157
752
1669
2421
0 5.000 10.000 15.000 20.000 25.000 30.000
TS_RdDp
TS_RdDr
TS_RdTp
TS_RdTr
TS_TOTp
TS_TOTr
MW
AutCon pte PES
AutAcc pte PES
Preasig pte PES RDL 6/2009
Acumulado PES ÷ Aut. Acceso
Acumulado PES ÷ Aut. Preasig.
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Need to identify and regulate requirements, carried out in coordination withthe Wind power industry
Technological vulnerability (voltage dips leading to disconnections).
t t f Situations where
Main Technical Requirements
Voltage (pu)
1
0,2
0,5 1 Time (sec)
start of disturbance
0,80,95 pu
0 15
Clearance of the faultFault length
Situations where generators must
remain connected0,6
2 ph isolatedfault
The “grid code” (PO 12.3) establishes the required
level for Low Voltage Through CapabilityReal Time Risk Assesment
Minimum Requirementproposed for Solar PV
REE and the integration of RES. Toledo. 18 June 2010
g g p y
Very good response from the wind generators (adaptation except <1,000 MW)New requirements associated to the increasing need for contribution tostability: specially dynamic control of voltageOther challenges: protection equipment and philosophy
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The contribution to power supply. Records in 2009 (i)Wind generation may have a very relevant contribution to the power demandsupply
Some Maximum Records:12.948 MW 24/02/10 11:21 h11 074 MW 24/02/10 11-12 h
REE and the integration of RES. Toledo. 18 June 2010 17
11.074 MW 24/02/10 11-12 h278.507 MWh 04/05/10Maximum contribution to demand:54% 08/11/09
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The contribution to power supply . Records in 2009 (ii)… but the contribution to demand supply may also be very low
Some Minimum Records:164 MW 03/06/10 11 h
REE and the integration of RES. Toledo. 18 June 2010
In consequence, fluctuating nature of wind power is translated in a lowcontribution to power supply guarantee
Minimum contribution to demand:<1% 03/06/10
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Needs for real time operation
Dispatchable Generation is required to:supply the demand (D)compensate for nondispatchable gener. (NDisG)
System Operability depends on
managing power resources:
‐ Forecast
+Є
prevent contingencies, what implies sufficient and fast enough reserves
Disp.Gen.Requirement= (D+ЄD) ‐ (NDisG+ЄNDG) +/‐ Contingencies
40000
45000
Forecast
‐ Observability and Control
existance of resources
Demand and Requirement (Winter Week)
2,8
3,0
3,2 Evolution of Requirement Ratio (= Daily RequirMax/RequirMin)
REE and the integration of RES. Toledo. 18 June 2010 19
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
Lunes Martes Miércoles Jueves Viernes Sábado Domingo
MW
1,2
1,4
1,6
1,8
2,0
2,2
2,4
2,6
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 59% 69% 79% 89% 99%
Rat
io
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Prevision 2011 (realizada en 2006)
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Generation ForecastDespite production programs/forecasts from generators, REE must elaborateown preditions as a guarantee for security of operation, in particular for RES:
WIND: : REE has improved forecasting accuracy for wind by evolution of SIPREOLICO, although there seems to be limitations due to the difficuties of metheorologicalpredictions
REE and the integration of RES. Toledo. 18 June 2010
SOLAR: REE is using a very approximated estimation tool based in irradiationforecasts. Shortly, a specific tool using real time meteo data and real time generationmeasures
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Control Need and Actions upon Special Generation
Special Generation has to be dispatched with priority over OrdinaryGeneration.Consequently, whenever possible the SO must solve the technical
t i t b i i i t ti t O di G ticonstraints by issuing instructions to Ordinary Generation:Power Output Reduction
Disconnection of Plants
However, it may be necessary to issue Control Actions on SpecialGeneration, by :a) Production Constraints (reduce or disconnect):
REE and the integration of RES. Toledo. 18 June 2010 21
Local zonal congestions (transmission or distribution)
System Stability (instruction depending on technical compliance of plants)
G-D balance in power and regulating reserve (specially off-peak and transitions)
b) Q/V Management: Set-point from SO substitutes reference for cosϕ(established RD661)
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Generation Control requirements
Control of RES Generation Plants (GP) by TSO is necessary for maintaningsystem security and to maximize RES production by reducing preventiverestrictions and delay upto real time. This involves in real time:
Observability for “all” plants: GP REAL TIME INFO TSO
(production, voltage, connectivity, …)
Operability for “all significant” plants: TSO INSTRUCTIONS GP
production control (active power)
provision of system services (reactive,regulation,)
For security and efficiency, this interlocution between TSO and GP should not beindividual (several hundreds of plants) but via Generation Dispatch Centers with
REE and the integration of RES. Toledo. 18 June 2010
individual (several hundreds of plants) but via Generation Dispatch Centers withcontrol capability over a number of plants
Human and technical resources (24 h)
Secure and redundant Connection Dispatching Centre <> REE CC(computer<>computer, telephone)
Connection Dispatching Centre <> Wind Farms-Generators
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CECRE: Created by REE in 2006, is a control centre devoted to Special Regime Generation and especially to Wind Power:
Integrated in REE’s control structure
Communication with generation Control Centres (SRGCCs) for supervision and control instructions.
REE’s Solution: CECRE
According to RD661/2007 all special regime plants >10 MW must be connected to a SRGCC.
CECRE issues generation instructions through the SCADA system to the Control Centres.
CECOEL / CECORE
CECRE
Link
Direct Link CECRE‐SRG where Setpoint Instruction
is transmitted automatically to be converted by plant
REE and the integration of RES. Toledo. 18 June 2010 23
SRGCC: Special Regime Generation Control Centre
CCCONV: Control Centre for conventional generation
Link and telecommand
SRGCCnSRGCC1CCCONV …Link and
telecommand
Iccp L
Link and telecommand
686 WPP via 16 GCCs326 nonWPP via 21 GCCs
(June 2010)
in effective action, was a scenario non used
25 SRCCGs
RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA
INTEGRATION IN CECRE OF OTHER GENERATION TECHNOLOGIESIn 2009 new information and functionalities have been incorporated
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RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑARisks of Insufficient Control: Observability
In Spain, an unexpected magnitude of Photo‐Voltaic generation (close to 4 GW)has been connected. However, the plant fragmentation (≤ 100 kW modules dueto retribution conditions) has avoided real time tele‐measurements and theplants are “hidden behind ” the demand.
Lack of observability involves inefficient reserve programming and may become
9D08: Mild&Cloudy
Same forecast from
generators 9D and 10D
y p g g ya serious risk for system operation
Expected
REE and the integration of RES. Toledo. 18 June 2010
10D08: Clear&Cold
No real time observabilityand unreliableprogrammes
Unavoidable errors whenprogramming RequirementNeeds
Unexpected
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Production mismatch (production vs. forecast )
REE and the integration of RES. Toledo. 18 June 2010
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The many advantages of renewable energy lead to maximize installation.
In this context, REE works in the solution of the drawbacks of RES generation(technical, organisational, regulatory) in order to preserve the security andquality of supply in the power system.
Integration of RES: Final Remarks and Possible Trends
quality of supply in the power system.
In particular, for Solar PV controllability and technical adequacy
However, still a number of challenges remains:
- Dispatchable Gen: very demanding regime and decreasing running time
RES will be submitted to operating conditions including productionconstraints; specially related to off-peak situations and transitions
REE and the integration of RES. Toledo. 18 June 2010
In the solution, a significant leap forward is needed based on:
New flexible generation and enlarging energy storage possibilities
More active participation of the demand side
Incorporation to the electric sector energy consumption currently in othersectors: Electric Vehicles
RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA
www.ree.es
REE and the integration of RES. Toledo. 18 June 2010 28
Juan Francisco Alonso Llorente