change management

“To exist is to change,to change is to

mature,to mature is to go on

creating oneself endlessly.”

Henri Bergson French Philosopher

Shirish Kerur, Jain College of Engineering, Belgaum

“ There Is nothing permanent except change’’


Need For Change• The Why makes it better at doing How.• Three levels-Self, Team or Organization and

Larger System.• Mission• Workload• Political• Environment• Changes in Management• Resources• Technological Shirish Kerur, Jain College of Engineering,

Belgaum

Implications to Change

Denial

Bargaining &Negotiating

Anger

Phases of

Change


Personal Change

Some things which you might wish to change are :Limited ChoicesFlexibility

Unwanted emotional reactionsEmpowering EmotionsStressRelaxation

Physical IllnessHealthImbalancesBalancesMysteriesAwareness

Negative AttitudesPositive Outlook


Understanding Personal Change

Personal Change

By oneself

Changed Behaviour(Desired Behaviour)

By assistance of others

Individuals current Behaviour

(Undesirable)


Personal Change Process

Discovery

Clearing

ProgrammingProcessing


The Process of Transition

Anxiety

Can I cope ?

Happiness

At Last something’s

going to change !

Fear

What impact will this have?How will it affect me?

Threat

This is bigger than I thought!

Guilt

Did I really do that

Depression

Who am I?

Gradual Acceptance

I can see myself in the future

Moving Forward

This can work and be good

Hostility

I’ll make this work if it kills me!!

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Denial

Change? What Change?

DisillusionmentI’m off!!

… this isn’t for me!


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Components of Personal Change

• Self Analysis


Self Awareness

MeaningBasic Assumptions of Self AwarenessSigmund FruedConscious, Pre-conscious, Unconscious mind.

Who is a Self Aware Person?Personal Change through Self AwarenessEmotional Self AwarenessSelf Awareness through Johari Window.Using MBTIThrough FIRO-B


Techniques for Greater Self Awareness

Emotional Self awareness


Self-Awareness-Johari’s Window

Know to Self Not Known to Self

Known to Others

OPEN BLIND

Not Known to Others

HIDDEN UNKNOWN


Johari WindowThe Johari Window, named after the first names of its

inventors, Joseph Luft and Harry Ingham, is one of the most useful models describing the process of human interaction.

A four paned "window," as illustrated above, divides personal awareness into four different types, as represented by its four quadrants:

open, hidden, blind, and unknown.

The lines dividing the four panes are like window shades, which can move as an interaction progresses.


Johari Window• The "open" quadrant represents things that both I

know about myself, and that you know about me. • The "blind" quadrant represents things that you

know about me, but that I am unaware of. This information is in my blind quadrant because you can see it, but I cannot. Now, I may also have blind spots with respect to many other much more complex things.

• The "hidden" quadrant represents things that I know about myself, that you do not know. So for example.

• The "unknown" quadrant represents things that neither I know about myself, nor you know about me.


Johari WindowAs one’s level of confidence and self esteem develops, one may

actively invite others to comment on one's blind spots. A teacher may seek feedback from students on the quality of a particular lecture, with the desire of improving the presentation. Active Listening skills are helpful in this endeavor.

On the other hand, we all have defenses, protecting the parts of ourselves that we feel vulnerable. Remember, the blind quadrant contains behavior, feelings and motivations not accessible to the person, but which others can see.

Feelings of inadequacy, incompetence, impotence, unworthiness, rejection, guilt, dependency, ambivalence for loved ones, needs to control and manipulate, are all difficult to face, and yet can be seen by others. To forcibly reveal what another wishes not to see, is "psychological rape," and can be traumatic. Fortunately, nature has provided us with a variety of defense mechanisms to cope with such events such as denial, avoidance, rationalizing, etc. Shirish Kerur, Jain College of Engineering,

Belgaum

Defense MechanismsDescribed as an unconscious

psychological manoeuvre within which person’s deceive themselves about the actual conditions of reality so that threatening reality is perceived as non-threatening.

Most likely to be healthy:SublimationHumorSuppressionAnticipation

Most likely to be unhealthyDissociationReaction FormationDisplacementFixation IntellectualizationPassive –aggressive stylesFantasyProjectionDistortionDenial


Mistaken Beliefs• Negative thinking can be traced back to deeper

underlying assumptions about ourselves, others & life in general.

• These assumptions are often referred to as “scripts”, “core beliefs”, “life decisions”, mistaken beliefs”.

• They are so basic to our thinking that we often do not recognize them as beliefs at all, we mistakenly take them for granted & assume them to reflect reality!

• These mistaken beliefs could possibly prevent you from reaching your true potential, important goals in life, perpetuate anxiety & stress!


Exercise

• Take a few moments to reflect on your mistaken beliefs, document this on a piece of paper?


Mistaken Beliefs

• Are these assumptions really valid?• Do they reflect the true nature of reality?• Risk: limit self-growth, self-esteem, self-

worth!• Risk: “ The unfortunate thing is that you

may live out these mistaken beliefs to the point where you act in ways- get others to treat you in ways- that confirm them!


Mistaken Beliefs I’m powerless-victim of outside

control Life is a struggle

If I take a risk, I will fail & others will reject me

I’m unimportant (my feelings/needs are unimportant)

I always should look good & be nice no matter how I feel

If I worry enough problem should resolve/disappear

I can’t cope with difficult & scary situations

The outside world is dangerous: safety is in what is known & familiar

I’m responsible & in control of my life

Life is an adventure

Its ok to take risks, I can learn from my mistakes. I can be a success

I am a valuable & unique person

It’s O.K. simply to be me

Worrying has no effect, action does! I can learn to handle any scary

situation, if I approach it slowly, in small enough steps.

I can learn to become more comfortable with the outside world, look forward to new opportunities for learning & growth


Self Awareness through MBTI

• Myers and her mother Catherine Briggs.• Understanding and Developing Yourself• Understanding and Developing others• Motivate self and others• Understanding ones and others strengths and

weakness• Allocating tasks• Agreeing roles


Four Aspects

• Extroversion-Introversion(Source of Energy).• Sensing–Intuiting(Collection of Information)• Thinking-Feeling(Decision Making)• Judging-Percieving(Understanding)• Sixteen types of personality • ISTJ, ISTP, ISFJ,ISFP,ESTJ, ESTP……


Self Awareness through FIRO-B

• Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation

• William Schutz in 1958• Inclusion, Control, Affection, • Expressed and Wanted Behaviour


Organizational Roles

• Two Role SystemsThe system of various roles that the individual

carries and performs.The system of various roles of where his role is

a part.


Organizational Roles

• Change Initiator• Change Agent• Champion for Change• Sponsor of Change


Making Organizational Role Effective

• Role efficacy• Role efficacy and Effectiveness


Aspects of Role Efficacy

1. Role Making• Self-Role Integration• Proactivity• Creativity• Confrontation


2. Role Centering Centrality Influence Personal growth

3. Role Linking Inter-role linkage Helping relationship Super ordination


Role Conflict/Stress and Effectiveness

1. Role Space distance• Intra-role conflict• Role stagnation• Inter-role distance


2. Role set conflicts Role ambiguity Role overload Role erosion Resource inadequacy Personal inadequacy Role isolation


change management

Business

quadrant represents

shirish kerur

jain college

johari window

mistaken beliefs

amp

blind

awareness