Download - Change management
“To exist is to change,to change is to
mature,to mature is to go on
creating oneself endlessly.”
Henri Bergson French Philosopher
Shirish Kerur, Jain College of Engineering, Belgaum
“ There Is nothing permanent except change’’
Shirish Kerur, Jain College of Engineering, Belgaum
Need For Change• The Why makes it better at doing How.• Three levels-Self, Team or Organization and
Larger System.• Mission• Workload• Political• Environment• Changes in Management• Resources• Technological Shirish Kerur, Jain College of Engineering,
Belgaum
Implications to Change
Denial
Bargaining &Negotiating
Anger
Phases of
Change
Shirish Kerur, Jain College of Engineering, Belgaum
Personal Change
Some things which you might wish to change are :Limited ChoicesFlexibility
Unwanted emotional reactionsEmpowering EmotionsStressRelaxation
Physical IllnessHealthImbalancesBalancesMysteriesAwareness
Negative AttitudesPositive Outlook
Shirish Kerur, Jain College of Engineering, Belgaum
Understanding Personal Change
Personal Change
By oneself
Changed Behaviour(Desired Behaviour)
By assistance of others
Individuals current Behaviour
(Undesirable)
Shirish Kerur, Jain College of Engineering, Belgaum
Personal Change Process
Discovery
Clearing
ProgrammingProcessing
Shirish Kerur, Jain College of Engineering, Belgaum
The Process of Transition
Anxiety
Can I cope ?
Happiness
At Last something’s
going to change !
Fear
What impact will this have?How will it affect me?
Threat
This is bigger than I thought!
Guilt
Did I really do that
Depression
Who am I?
Gradual Acceptance
I can see myself in the future
Moving Forward
This can work and be good
Hostility
I’ll make this work if it kills me!!
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Denial
Change? What Change?
DisillusionmentI’m off!!
… this isn’t for me!
Shirish Kerur, Jain College of Engineering, Belgaum
Components of Personal Change
• Self Analysis
Shirish Kerur, Jain College of Engineering, Belgaum
Self Awareness
MeaningBasic Assumptions of Self AwarenessSigmund FruedConscious, Pre-conscious, Unconscious mind.
Who is a Self Aware Person?Personal Change through Self AwarenessEmotional Self AwarenessSelf Awareness through Johari Window.Using MBTIThrough FIRO-B
Shirish Kerur, Jain College of Engineering, Belgaum
Techniques for Greater Self Awareness
Emotional Self awareness
Shirish Kerur, Jain College of Engineering, Belgaum
Self-Awareness-Johari’s Window
Know to Self Not Known to Self
Known to Others
OPEN BLIND
Not Known to Others
HIDDEN UNKNOWN
Shirish Kerur, Jain College of Engineering, Belgaum
Johari WindowThe Johari Window, named after the first names of its
inventors, Joseph Luft and Harry Ingham, is one of the most useful models describing the process of human interaction.
A four paned "window," as illustrated above, divides personal awareness into four different types, as represented by its four quadrants:
open, hidden, blind, and unknown.
The lines dividing the four panes are like window shades, which can move as an interaction progresses.
Shirish Kerur, Jain College of Engineering, Belgaum
Johari Window• The "open" quadrant represents things that both I
know about myself, and that you know about me. • The "blind" quadrant represents things that you
know about me, but that I am unaware of. This information is in my blind quadrant because you can see it, but I cannot. Now, I may also have blind spots with respect to many other much more complex things.
• The "hidden" quadrant represents things that I know about myself, that you do not know. So for example.
• The "unknown" quadrant represents things that neither I know about myself, nor you know about me.
Shirish Kerur, Jain College of Engineering, Belgaum
Johari WindowAs one’s level of confidence and self esteem develops, one may
actively invite others to comment on one's blind spots. A teacher may seek feedback from students on the quality of a particular lecture, with the desire of improving the presentation. Active Listening skills are helpful in this endeavor.
On the other hand, we all have defenses, protecting the parts of ourselves that we feel vulnerable. Remember, the blind quadrant contains behavior, feelings and motivations not accessible to the person, but which others can see.
Feelings of inadequacy, incompetence, impotence, unworthiness, rejection, guilt, dependency, ambivalence for loved ones, needs to control and manipulate, are all difficult to face, and yet can be seen by others. To forcibly reveal what another wishes not to see, is "psychological rape," and can be traumatic. Fortunately, nature has provided us with a variety of defense mechanisms to cope with such events such as denial, avoidance, rationalizing, etc. Shirish Kerur, Jain College of Engineering,
Belgaum
Defense MechanismsDescribed as an unconscious
psychological manoeuvre within which person’s deceive themselves about the actual conditions of reality so that threatening reality is perceived as non-threatening.
Most likely to be healthy:SublimationHumorSuppressionAnticipation
Most likely to be unhealthyDissociationReaction FormationDisplacementFixation IntellectualizationPassive –aggressive stylesFantasyProjectionDistortionDenial
Shirish Kerur, Jain College of Engineering, Belgaum
Mistaken Beliefs• Negative thinking can be traced back to deeper
underlying assumptions about ourselves, others & life in general.
• These assumptions are often referred to as “scripts”, “core beliefs”, “life decisions”, mistaken beliefs”.
• They are so basic to our thinking that we often do not recognize them as beliefs at all, we mistakenly take them for granted & assume them to reflect reality!
• These mistaken beliefs could possibly prevent you from reaching your true potential, important goals in life, perpetuate anxiety & stress!
Shirish Kerur, Jain College of Engineering, Belgaum
Exercise
• Take a few moments to reflect on your mistaken beliefs, document this on a piece of paper?
Shirish Kerur, Jain College of Engineering, Belgaum
Mistaken Beliefs
• Are these assumptions really valid?• Do they reflect the true nature of reality?• Risk: limit self-growth, self-esteem, self-
worth!• Risk: “ The unfortunate thing is that you
may live out these mistaken beliefs to the point where you act in ways- get others to treat you in ways- that confirm them!
Shirish Kerur, Jain College of Engineering, Belgaum
Mistaken Beliefs I’m powerless-victim of outside
control Life is a struggle
If I take a risk, I will fail & others will reject me
I’m unimportant (my feelings/needs are unimportant)
I always should look good & be nice no matter how I feel
If I worry enough problem should resolve/disappear
I can’t cope with difficult & scary situations
The outside world is dangerous: safety is in what is known & familiar
I’m responsible & in control of my life
Life is an adventure
Its ok to take risks, I can learn from my mistakes. I can be a success
I am a valuable & unique person
It’s O.K. simply to be me
Worrying has no effect, action does! I can learn to handle any scary
situation, if I approach it slowly, in small enough steps.
I can learn to become more comfortable with the outside world, look forward to new opportunities for learning & growth
Shirish Kerur, Jain College of Engineering, Belgaum
Self Awareness through MBTI
• Myers and her mother Catherine Briggs.• Understanding and Developing Yourself• Understanding and Developing others• Motivate self and others• Understanding ones and others strengths and
weakness• Allocating tasks• Agreeing roles
Shirish Kerur, Jain College of Engineering, Belgaum
Four Aspects
• Extroversion-Introversion(Source of Energy).• Sensing–Intuiting(Collection of Information)• Thinking-Feeling(Decision Making)• Judging-Percieving(Understanding)• Sixteen types of personality • ISTJ, ISTP, ISFJ,ISFP,ESTJ, ESTP……
Shirish Kerur, Jain College of Engineering, Belgaum
Self Awareness through FIRO-B
• Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation
• William Schutz in 1958• Inclusion, Control, Affection, • Expressed and Wanted Behaviour
Shirish Kerur, Jain College of Engineering, Belgaum
Organizational Roles
• Two Role SystemsThe system of various roles that the individual
carries and performs.The system of various roles of where his role is
a part.
Shirish Kerur, Jain College of Engineering, Belgaum
Organizational Roles
• Change Initiator• Change Agent• Champion for Change• Sponsor of Change
Shirish Kerur, Jain College of Engineering, Belgaum
Making Organizational Role Effective
• Role efficacy• Role efficacy and Effectiveness
Shirish Kerur, Jain College of Engineering, Belgaum
Aspects of Role Efficacy
1. Role Making• Self-Role Integration• Proactivity• Creativity• Confrontation
Shirish Kerur, Jain College of Engineering, Belgaum
2. Role Centering Centrality Influence Personal growth
3. Role Linking Inter-role linkage Helping relationship Super ordination
Shirish Kerur, Jain College of Engineering, Belgaum
Role Conflict/Stress and Effectiveness
1. Role Space distance• Intra-role conflict• Role stagnation• Inter-role distance
Shirish Kerur, Jain College of Engineering, Belgaum
2. Role set conflicts Role ambiguity Role overload Role erosion Resource inadequacy Personal inadequacy Role isolation
Shirish Kerur, Jain College of Engineering, Belgaum
Shirish Kerur, Jain College of Engineering, Belgaum