Changes in voting requirements1800 to 1830

Jumpstart – In your notebook!• Use the tables to answer the questions.

• Write 2 2 observations observations you can make about the chart.• What factor best explains the large increase in voters between

the election of 1824 and 1828?

a. Former slaves were emancipated and allowed to vote.

b. An amendment was enacted ending voting fees.

c. Women were given the right to vote.

d. Many states had put an end to property qualifications.

Election of 1824

John Quincy Adams

113,122

Andrew Jackson 151,271

Henry Clay 47,531

William Crawford 40,856

Election of 1828

John Quincy Adams

500,897

Andrew Jackson 642,533

• Suffrage- the right to vote

• In the early 1800’s, more people gained the right to vote• States reduced voting restrictions• No more poll taxes or property requirements

• 1800= 14 states with property requirements to vote• 1830= 2 states with property requirements to vote

• The “common man” gained voting rights

• Helped Jackson win in 1828

Expanded SuffrageExpanded Suffrage

New Political Parties EmergeNew Political Parties EmergeNew Political Parties EmergeNew Political Parties Emerge

• No one got the majority of electoral votes

• Election thrown into the House and JQ Adams won

• Jackson referred to this as the “Corrupt Bargain”

• Split the Democratic-Republicans

• Democrats •Jackson supporters

• National Republicans•Adams supporters

Election of 1828Election of 1828• Jackson vs. Adams…AGAIN!• First modern political campaign

– Both sides made vicious, personal attacks– Tried to “win” the vote

• Jackson aimed his campaign against the wealthy elite (Adams)– He promised to look out for the “common man”

• Jackson won both the popular and electoral vote

• Jacksonian Democracy: idea of spreading political power to all people and ensuring majority rule

1828 Election 1828 Election ResultsResults

1828 Election 1828 Election ResultsResults

Jackson’s PresidencyJackson’s Presidency• Jackson supporters

– Rich planters from the South– People on the Western frontier– Middle class (“Common Man”)– Immigrants in the cities

• Jackson rewarded his supporters with jobs– Spoils System: winning candidates give

government jobs to their supporters

• Issues during his presidency– States’ Rights (Nullification)– Role of the National Bank– Status of Native Americans

Tariff Simulation Instructions There are four main groups involved in this activity:

A = BLUE Sellers: Northern merchants who are able to sell their products at a cheaper price without a tariff. Their products will cost $1 each (one ticket).

B = BLUE Purchasers: Northerners who can buy cheaper Northern products due to the tariff and do not have to pay expensive shipping costs since most goods are made in their area.

C = RED Purchasers: Southerners who have to pay expensive shipping prices since most factories are in the North. They can pay either $2 (tickets) for Northern products or $3 (tickets) for British due to the tariff.

D = ORANGE Sellers: British merchants who are charged a tariff on their product because Congress wants to make American products cheaper. Their products will be $3 each.

Tariff Simulation Instructions1. Both BLUE and RED purchasers will start off with the

same amount of money (12 tickets).2. Each must also buy everything on their provided

shopping list.3. Whatever money they have leftover, they can trade in

for prizes.4. If you are a merchant, you can also receive prizes

based on the amount of income you earned at the market.

5. You will have only 10 minutes to shop/sell.6. All of you are being graded on your participation

during the activity as well as your discussion afterwards.

7. HAPPY SHOPPING!

Simulation Discussion Answer the following in your notebook:

1. Which group did you belong to?2. Did you enjoy the simulation? Why or why not?3. In your opinion, was the simulation fair? Why or

why not?4. Would you have enjoyed being in another

group more? Why or why not?5. After completing this simulation, why do you

think Southerners believed tariffs favored the North?

6. How could the issue of tariffs lead to sectionalism?

• REVIEW! REVIEW! REVIEW!

• Economy of the North– Fishing, shipbuilding industry and naval

supplies, trade and port cities – Skilled craftsmen, shopkeepers, manufacturing

(textiles, tools, metals, building materials, etc.)

• Economy of the South– Large farms/plantations, cash crops

(tobacco, indigo, rice, cotton), wood

products, small farms – Slavery

Economies of the Economies of the North and SouthNorth and SouthEconomies of the Economies of the North and SouthNorth and South

What is a TARIFF?TAX the government puts on imported goods (from other countries)

If you were a FACTORY OWNER or in MANUFACTURING , would you like tariffs?

Yes! Your products would not have an additional tax, so what you make would be cheaper than foreign goods.

If you were a FARMER, would you like tariffs?

No! You depend on foreign nations to buy your crops and in return, you buy their manufactured goods. You are afraid that tariffs will make foreign goods more expensive. If you don’t buy their goods, then they might not buy your crops.

REVIEW! REVIEW! REVIEW!

Increasing SectionalismIncreasing SectionalismIncreasing SectionalismIncreasing Sectionalism• 1820’s and 30’s- Nationalism

was replaced by sectionalism• Loyalty to ones state or region

over the country

• During the same time Congress was arguing over tariffs and their effects on the country• North liked it b/c it made their

goods cheaper• South didn’t b/c they depended on

foreign trade

• Congress passed the largest tariff yet in 1828 to help the growth of manufacturing

• Tariff of Abominations (1828)- tariff that raised the price of imported factory goods by the largest amount yet• Northern factory owners favored the new law

since it encouraged people to buy their goods• Southerners opposed it for several reasons:

1. Tariffs raised the price they paid for factory goods

2. High tariffs kept foreign countries from trading with the U.S. because it was more expensive– Hurt cotton sales for the South

3. Believed the a law that favored one section was unconstitutional – Calhoun, Vice President at the time, brought up idea

of nullification- states can nullify a law if they see it as unconstitutional

NullificationNullificationNullificationNullification

• Tariff brought up the issue of state vs. national government again

• Webster-Hayne Debates: 1830 Senate debate over the doctrine of nullification

• South Carolina threatened to secede • Jackson was prepared to use military force

to keep them in the union• Henry Clay created a compromise bill that

gradually lowered the tariff until 1842• Both sides called a truce for the time

South Carolina Threatens to South Carolina Threatens to SecedeSecede

South Carolina Threatens to South Carolina Threatens to SecedeSecede

Let’s Review!Let’s Review!What was one of the South’s objections to

the higher tariffs enacted by Congress?

a.They would allow them access to cheap foreign imports.

b.They would prevent domestic manufacturing from growing.

c. They would redistribute wealth among American social classes.

d.They made it more difficult to export crops.

Jump StartJump Start• Ignite Learning• Write the following questions on your

paper before watching the video:– What issue from Jackson’s presidency is

shown in the video?– How does this issue relate to the Kentucky and

Virginia Resolution?– In your opinion, which side (states or federal

government) is correct? Why?

Issues over the Issues over the BankBank

• Jackson was against the bank for many reasons:– Thought the bank favored wealthy

Northerners– It did not help capitalists in the West

• capitalists- someone investing in a business to make profit

– He distrusted the bank president, Nicholas Biddle

• Jackson vetoed the bill to re-charter the bank (keep it going)

• Voters agreed – He was elected for a second term in

1832– He considered this economic

democracy

Jump StartJump StartComplete a basic SOAPStone on the following document:

Speaker

Occasion

Audience

Purpose

Subject

Tone

Indian RemovalIndian RemovalIndian RemovalIndian Removal• Jackson had little sympathy for Native

Americans• Raised on the frontier

• By the time he took office, only 125,000 Natives remained east of the Mississippi• Most had fallen prey to war and disease• Majority lived in the southeast• Known as the Five Civilized Tribes

• Creek, Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Seminole

• Hoping to keep their lands, they adopted many European characteristics and ways of life• i.e. European clothing, owned farms, slaves, had own

alphabet and newspaper

• Despite the Native’s efforts to assimilate (integrate into English culture), whites decided they had to go as cotton spread west

• Indian Removal Act of 1830- authorized the president to grant the Indians unsettled lands west of the Mississippi River in exchange for their current land

• Some tribes saw no other way out and gave up land

• Georgia then passed a law saying that the authority of their state laws now extended over the Cherokee

• Chief Justice John Marshall addressed the Indian lands question in two cases• Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia (1831)• Worcester vs. Georgia (1832)

Indian RemovalIndian RemovalIndian RemovalIndian Removal

Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia 1831• Georgia tried to assert control

over Cherokee land• Cherokee appealed to the

Supreme Court• The Court ruled that the

Cherokees were “a domestic, dependent nation”

– They were subject to federal, NOT state law

• Georgia law did not affect them

Worcester vs. Georgia 1832• Georgia passed a law requiring

any white person who lived on Indian territory to obtain a license from the state

• Worcester, a missionary, was put in jail for failing to do so

• Does a state have the power to pass laws concerning sovereign Indian nations?

• The Court ruled that the Cherokee nation was “a distinct community” with “self-government” in which the laws of Georgia had no force

Indian RemovalIndian RemovalIndian RemovalIndian Removal

• Jackson and Georgia ignored the Court’s ruling

• Cherokee were forced to give in and sell their land– Any that did not go

voluntarily were met with military force

• 16,000 were gathered into camps and forced into the Indian Territory• Present day Oklahoma

• More than ¼ died from exposure and starvation

• Became known as the Trail of Tears

Trail of Trail of Tears Tears

(1838-1839)(1838-1839)

Trail of Trail of Tears Tears

(1838-1839)(1838-1839)