changes of state
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Changes of State. 10.4. Definitions. Phase – any part of a system with uniform composition and properties. Condensation – gas changes to a liquid Molecules of liquid can evaporate and then condense and re-enter the liquid phase. Equilibrium. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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10.4
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Phase – any part of a system with uniform composition and properties.
Condensation – gas changes to a liquid
Molecules of liquid can evaporate and then condense and re-enter the liquid phase
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Condensation and evaporation can happen at the same rate…
Equilibrium – a dynamic condition in which 2 opposing changes occur at equal rates in a closed system
No net change in amt. of substance in either phase.
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P is directly proportional to [ ]Equilibrium vapor pressure – pressure exerted by vapor in equilibrium with its corresponding liquid at a given temp
Different for each liquidThe higher the bonding the _____the EVP
Think about the KMT
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Volatile Liquids – liquids that evaporate readily
__________ forces of attraction.Boiling – conversion of a liquid to a vapor within the liquid as well as at the surface
Boiling point – the temp at which the equilibrium vapor pressure of the liquid = atm pressure
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The ________ the atm pressure, the lower the b.p.
Temp is constant while boilingNormal atmospheric pressure = 1 atm, 760 torr, 101.325kPa
E needs to be + constantly to continue boiling
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MEV – the amt of E as heat that is needed to vaporize 1 mol of liquid at the liquids b.p. at constant pressure.
ΔHv Measure of attraction of particles
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Freezing – physical change of liquid to solid
Loss of EFreezing point – the temp at which solid and liquid are at equilibrium at 1 atm
At f. p. particles have same amt of ave K. E.
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At m.p. the solid and liquid have the same amt of k.e. also.
For pure crystalline solids, f.p. and m.p. are at the same temp.
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Molar Enthalpy of fusion – the amount of energy as heat required to melt one mole of solid at the solids melting point.