changing directions in the study of conditioning
DESCRIPTION
CHANGING DIRECTIONS IN THE STUDY OF CONDITIONING. RECOGNIZING BIOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS ON CONDITIONING. Instinctive drift : occurs when an animal’s innate response tendencies interfere with conditioning processes Breland’s Miserly Raccoons. CONDITIONED TASTE AVERSION. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
CHANGING DIRECTIONS IN THE STUDY OF CONDITIONING
RECOGNIZING BIOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS ON CONDITIONING
• Instinctive drift: occurs when an animal’s innate response tendencies interfere with conditioning processes• Breland’s Miserly
Raccoons
CONDITIONED TASTE AVERSION
• Conditioned only through the pairing of taste stimuli and stimuli inducing nausea• Shows that just any
stimulus and just any response will not necessarily condition
PREPAREDNESS
• DEF: a species-specific predisposition to be conditioned in certain ways and not others• May influence
instinctive drift, conditioned taste aversion, and phobias…
PHOBIAS
• Can be about anything• Martin Seligman:
evolutionary forces programmed acquisition of certain fears
EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE ON LEARNING
• Mechanisms of learning are similar across species• Adapted to
environment• Used to increase
survivability and sexual reproduction
COGNITIVE PROCESSES IN CONDITIONING
• Signal Relations: CS-UCS relations that influence whether a CS is a good signal• “Good” signal allows
for accurate prediction of the UCS• Helped change view of
conditioning from reflexive response to information processing
RESPONSE-OUTCOME RELATIONS AND CONDITIONING
• Organisms try to discover what leads to what (contingencies) in the world around them• Stimuli are signals that help minimize aversive
experiences and maximize pleasant experiences
D E F : O C C U R S W H E N A N O R G A N I S M ’ S R E S P O N D I N G I S I N F L U E N C E D B Y T H E O B S E R V A T I O N O F O T H E R S , W H O A R E C A L L E D M O D E L S
OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING
ALBERT BANDURA
• Demonstrated both classical and operant conditioning can take place vicariously through observational learning• We are conditioned
by observing other’s conditioning
BASIC PROCESSES OF OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING
• Attention: you must pay attention to another’s behavior and its consequences• Retention: you must store a mental
representation of what you witnessed• Reproduction: enact a modeled response;
depends on ability• Motivation: must be motivated to enact the
modeled response
ACQUISITION VS. PERFORMANCE
• We have many acquired learned responses• We choose which
will be reinforced• Reinforcement
influences performance, not learning necessarily