changing ethical values in hindu family- evidence from ... 2017/17.pdf · a true poetic translation...

Changing Ethical Values in Hindu Family- Evidence from Doha's

and Chaupai's of the Indian Scholars

Abstract

Epics and scriptures likes Vedas and Upanishads are the groundwork for any Hindu Family. Since the birth, the Ramayana and Bhagwat Gita are the integral part of any Hindu Child. In this study we made an attempt to study the changing ethics' and values of Indian Family with reference to existing Doha's and Chaupai's presented by famous Indian scholars such as Kabirdas, Rahimdas, Tulsidas and Raidas. The study presents the changing paradigm of Doha's and Chaupai's in the 21st century. We have considered the sixteen different Doha's and Chaupai's regarding vim and vigor by the four pioneer Indian scholar and made an effort to discuss its relevance in the real world. In context towards India, the study claims that the thoughts of the ancient Indian scholars are perfectly matched with the existing Indian culture.

This research article is written for safe-guarding the intangible cultural heritage of Indian Society. Study reveals that the thoughts of Kabirdas are much relevant and motivational in the real world as compared to new management gurus. However, the Rahimdas's thoughts on social behavior and ethical values are still prevailing with the Tulsidas's special visualization on Lord Rama. The scholar Tulsidas was efficient enough in that Vedic age to describe the existing political and sociological aspects of the Indian families. The intellectual scholar, Raidas's vision was proficient enough to bring the communal harmony in India. Raidas was the only famous scholar of that age who focused on the present problem of caste and creed.

In 21st century, the ethical values of Indian's are dragging themselves towards the westernization. However the annals of Indian Society and culture are still lies in the Doha's and Chaupai's of Indian Scholars. It is suggested to the Indian Education system to make it mandatory in the basic education to provide strength in the basic structure and ethical values of Indians.

Doha's means a rhyming couplet. These are two liner poems. However, the Chaupai's are called as quatrain in English. These are the hymns of four lines. The origin of these in Hindi tended to use common, simple, and slang words, rather than the high minded Sanskrit words. The motive of this is to reach the ordinary person on the streets, in India.

Many of words used in Doha's are not in much use today in modern Hindi language, which makes understanding it more difficult. Re-phrasing the original words of the Indian scholars will be unjustifiable. There is choice of words, and the sounds convey the power of Indian poetic legends. It is suggested to learn the meaning and denotation of doha's and chaupai's in Hindi. In the same manner you would require to be trained in English to understand Shakespeare.

In our view, it is better to learn Doha's and Chaupai's in Hindi, and collect its additional meaning from the exploit of the original words, otherwise the meaning that ancient Indian scholar's wanted to convey will be lost. Hindi is considered as the ideal language for Poetry, but those expressions don't exist in the English culture and not much common. Different experiences exist in western countries.

Shraddha MishraAssistant Professor, Department of Rural Management,

Baba Saheb BhimRao Ambedkar University, Lucknow.

Pooja TripathiPooja Tripathi, Junior Research Fellow, Faculty of Social Sciences,

Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi.

Pratibha MauryaSenior Research Fellow,

Faculty of Commerce, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi.

Shital SharmaResearch Fellow,

Faculty of Social Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi.

Pacific Business Review InternationalVolume 9 Issue 8, Feb. 2017 Article Section

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Article SectionVolume 9 Issue 8, Feb. 2017

A true poetic translation of Dohas and Chaupais into English who is a mystical genius, did not have the spiritual that maintains the meaning, meter, tone, rhyme and also awareness to understand Kabir's words fully.maintains the vocal power of the words with and

In the chapter we have to study the changing ethics' and psychological influence is not possible. One would need to

values of Indian Family with reference to existing Doha's be a true genius like Shakespeare to do that. Poets like

and Chaupai's presented by famous Indian scholars such as Rabindranath Tagore have tried to conevert it into English,

Kabirdas, Rahimdas, Tulsidas and Raidas. The study but the end result is a way short of the original.

presents the changing paradigm of Doha's and Chaupai's in Tagore's literature, “One Hundred Poems of Kabir”, does the 21st century. We have considered the sixteen different not even convey the simple meaning of the original work. He Doha's and Chaupai's regarding vim and vigor by the four is not able to subtler the mind and its spiritual meaning. The pioneer Indian scholar and made an effort to discuss its English used by him is lofty and high, which conveys relevance in the real world. In context towards India, the insignificant to the average reader. Hence, the reader would study claims that the thoughts of the ancient Indian scholars not be much impressed through it. Tagore's language is not are perfectly matched with the existing Indian culture.the simple, down to earth language used by the ordinary,

Keywords: Ethical values, Hindu Family, Doha, Chaupai.generally poor person as Kabir's use of Hindi was. This is because Tagore's never lived in the slums, also even Tagore,

Introduction Islamism together. in Varanasi, the religious authorities offered him the hatred and persecution. Hence in the late

Ecstatic Doha's by Kabirdasyears of his life, he led a life of exile. At the age of 60, he

Kabirdas's influence on the development of the modern started travelling through entire northern India along with a Hindi or Urdu language was the same as Shakespeare's group of disciples. influence on the English language. About six hundred years

Kabir longed for spiritual training and was taught by ago, a great master is pioneer of Bhakti Movement in India.

Ramanand swami who became his guru. He wasn't a sadhu The word Kabir means 'great' in Arabic Language. For

or reununciate but a common man and is said to have had a Hindus, Kabir was a Vaisnava bhakta; while Muslims

wife and children. He lived the balanced life of a considered him a pir and to Sikhs called him a bhagat. He

householder mystic, a weaver tradesman and a was born in India in 1398 AD and lived for 120 years.

contemplative. His Guru (mentor) was Ramanand swami, Further he relinquished his body in 1518 at Maghar near

he longed his spiritual training from him.Gorakhpur.

The exquisiteness of Kabir's poetry is in its minimalism and The mystery of his birth is still prevailing. Few call him a

unfussiness. The two lines poetry or Doha which decides on Brahmin widow's son, who abandoned him. The couple

up situations that encase our daily lives. Thus, even in 21st named as Niru and Nima has adopted Kabir and taught him

century, Kabir's dohas are pertinent and helpful in steering the art of weaving. A common weaver becomes the master of

and regulating our lives, in social, communal and spiritual weaving the words in his poetries, commonly known as

context. His poem/verse teach humility and are devotional Doha's. Kabirdas tried very hard to bring communal

in nature. harmony in the clashing religious cultures of Hinduism and

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Doha 1: said Das Kabir and left

Pothi Padh Padh Kar Jag Mua, Pandit Bhayo Na Koye Meaning: One of Kabir most meaningful doha's for Dhai Aakhar Prem Ke, Jo Padhe so Pandit Hoye author's. Kabir observes the world from within, and sees the

world as Maya - illusion. It is projected by Mun, the mind, Translation:

the collective mind. Shareer refers to the living body or Reading Books and Scriptures everyone died, No one living person. Shareer's die and die again.became Pandit Two and Half Words of Love, Who so

There is hope that this will end, that there will be the ever reads, Pandit he becomes

emergence of a new body (Shareer) that will wake up, and Meaning: The World has died in studying books but the real then Maya and Mun will instead die.acquaintance comes from the emotions and sentiments

Relevance in Modern World: Milarepa, The Great Tibetan come from the heart. Kabir says that forget about book

Sage, summed it all up beautifully in his poem I Fear Not. In learning, no matter how many books you read, you won't

it he cleverly uses our basic desires (for a house, food, become wise, you won't became the true knowledgeable and

wealth, companions and that ever elusive thing, happiness) well-versed (Pandit). Just a few words of love and affection

that the mind promises will come 'tomorrow, tomorrow, will become Pandit.

tomorrow'; or one day, when this and that happens, but never Relevance in Modern World: In 1935, Albert Einstein and delivers.two colleagues, Boris Podolsky and Nathan Rosen

This way the listener can hear and understand with his mind, developed a thought experiment to demonstrate what they

but realize deep inside that what he really wants will only felt was a lack of completeness in quantum mechanics as

come from the void, the emptiness. God comes when he proposed by Bohr and Quantum Mechanics. This is known

takes back his awareness from the control of his mind. The as the EPR paradox. Einstein, being a realist, subscribed to

void is inside you. The void exists where there is no moving the theory of an independent, objective world. He could not

mind. Stop your mind now, drop your attachments to the accept the proposition of Bohr's quantum theory that the

thoughts that come to you, and you will reach it. The more particle (therefore the world) only existed because of the

time you spend in a state of no mind, the more will the God observer.

shine through you; think of it as building your house, brick Eventually an experiment was done by the Alain Aspect by brick.based on the groundwork developed by David Bohm and

When you have built your house in the void, you can stroll one of his enthusiastic supporters John Bell in 1982. This

outside it whenever you like, and go back to it when you're experiment proved that Einstein was wrong, and the

done. In other words, you can switch off your mind and quantum theorists were correct. It has been repeated several

experience the alertness, the pure awareness that you are in times, with the same results. It proved that at the nuts and

the present moment, the timeless now; and you can switch it bolts atomic level the world is not as we understand it. The

on when there is a task that needs to be done in the clock-experts like Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen were well-

time, light-filled, world with objects – sounds, smells, qualified still then they were failed to prove there theorems

separate things, and I (Ego).due to tough specifications. Conversely, the names of Shakespeare and Vivekananda are still in limelight owed to Kabir specified God as Water. Our bodies are mostly water, their literally work in artist way. yet we rarely think about water; it's as if we don't see it. 99%

of the molecules in our body are water molecules. We'll talk In other words the world as we understand it is an illusion,

about the bones, muscles, proteins, carbohydrates, fats, the reality is totally different and cannot be explained by the

vitamins, enzymes, minerals and other nutrients – yet all rules of Physics/mechanics and neither is it subject to them.

these compose only a tiny fraction of our body. Water is Eventually, if you will take the help of the loving words and around 75% of our body – we are effectively walking blobs the affectionate thoughts then this may help others to of water! A 5% drop in body fluids will cause a 25 to 30% comprehend one's views. As a mother taught to the child in loss of energy in most people; a 15% drop will cause death.the caring and loving words then it is easy to learn for a kid.

The God is also like that; we miss it completely and focus on Doha 2: objects, on illusions; we focus so much on noise that we miss

the silence. We miss the real because we are so focused on Maya Mari Na Mun Mara, Mar Mar Gaye Shareer

the shadow. Hence, we may summarize that if we will create Asha Trishna Na Mari, Keh Gaye Das Kabir

each asset in voidances then we will never be frustrated by Translation its loss and will become happy ever after in future.

Neither Maya Died, Nor the Mind Died, Die and die In 21st century we may take example of a family, those again People/Bodies Hope and delusion have not died, so families are found to be happier whose centric is not maya

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(money). As maya involves in the relation of father and son If you are creating your thoughts, then why don't you stop or husband and wife then it seems very difficult to run the creating your thoughts? If you are creating your thoughts, cart of life, which was pulled by them together from many then why don't you create different, more brilliant thoughts, days. We may also summarize that if we will leave financial that would make you a billionaire like Bill Gates or Steve decisions on others this may reduce the family conflicts to a Jobs?larger extent.

Thoughts just come and go. They just come and go, like Doha 3: waves or ripples on the sea. They have nothing to do with

you, unless you 'think' that they do, unless you say that's my Keson Kaha Bigadia, Je Moonde Sau Baar

thought, that is me, I think this and I think that. By this Man Ko Kahe Na Moondiye, Jaamein Vishey Vikaar

process of identification you start to give the thought that Translation just come and go more substance, solidity where none exists

and start defending that thought with more thoughts.What harm have the hair done, you shave them hundred times Why not shave the mind, there grow unchecked This me, me, me is how the Ego is built over the years. The countless poisonous thoughts ego gets bigger, gets inflated with more thoughts about me

and mine. Just drop it. Drop the Ego and be happy.Meaning: There is a tradition of monks having their hair shaved. They do this again and again. Kabir asks: what has To relax, change to a simple life style – stop eating, drink the hair done that you cut it hundreds of times? Why don't water, have a sauna, have a massage. Let the mind and body you cut the mind, where are born the Vishey Vikaar? relax.

Vishey means nasty, poisonous things. Vikars are: serious Drinking pure ionized water, fasting on pure water, infrared faults or major weaknesses that we have. Serious vikars saunas and therapeutic massages are the best ways to relax, include: calm the mind and for making a shift towards an awareness

of Being.Kama - Lust

A portable infrared sauna is great thing to have at home. It is Krodh - Rage or uncontrolled anger

not necessary, but it does help the process by deeply relaxing Lobh - Greed the body, and if you have regular saunas, it gets the mind into

the routine or habit of relaxing, letting go.Moh - Attachment or emotional attachment

Regular massages are also great ways to relax and be free of Ahankar – Ego

the mind, particularly non-clinical massages where the We need to cut these vikars, that is purify or clean the Mind. focus is on the sensual aspects of touch, the breath and the

energetic levels of ones being. There is a connection Relevance in Modern World: Mind and body is an

between conscious relaxation, breath and Being. Think of integrated thing – you can't fully cleanse your body if your

relaxation and breathe as the royal road to Being.mind holds fears, worries, stress, hatred, jealousy, ego, greed, and so forth. Similarly, you will not have peace of Think of the mind as a non-being, a computer, a robot that mind and true happiness if your body is being poisoned. cannot feel passion, cannot feel pleasure, cannot truly enjoy

being alive. The mind cannot love or experience love. But The ancient priests, Buddha, Sufis and others were

you can. That is, Being can.practitioners of Meditation. Meditation, “Mind Detox”, is about removing the compulsive thoughts, fears, hates, The beautiful lotus flower is often found floating on muddy, worries and other attachments from our minds; just as body dirty ponds; yet it maintains its beauty and purity, untainted detox is removing the toxins and accumulated crap from our by the pollution around it. The unique journey of the lotus bodies. The process involves realizing that the real culprit seeds from darkness to perfection symbolises our spiritual behind ones problems is one's own mind. journey.

After realizing this fact, you can then take specific steps to The lotus seeds in the bottom of muddy, dirty ponds, totally fix the root cause of all your problems by cleaning your own surrounded by darkness, with not a glimmer of light. Unlike mind. If it is your mind, then can you switch it off, put it other seeds, it gently moves up, away from the ground. It is away for a while? as if an inner knowledge, an inner light that cannot be seen, is

guiding it, telling it to drop everything it knows, drop its It is crucial to realize that thoughts just come and go. You

fears and travel up. Eventually it reaches the surface and the may disagree, you may believe that you are creating the

light, where it flowers to its true potential, beauty and thoughts that you are thinking by using your mind. But if you

perfection.carefully observe your thoughts, you may discover that this is not the case.

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As it starts to open and unfold to its true, inherent beauty and your mind doesn't agree with; the hatred, the violence; and destiny, the lotus flower improves the water around it. The all the rest of the problems that humanity is burdened with water in the entire dark pond becomes clearer, transparent water content in body.and allows light and life to flow into the pond.

Softness comes from the absence of the mind, from the inner The lotus flower is the perfect symbol for mind-body detox, perception. It comes when you make an energetic as it has been a symbol of the Chinese culture, Buddhism, connection to the God, the life force that animates all things. and the path of Enlightenment. It is being connected to the inner femininity, the soft,

yielding inner self behind the hard exterior. In the Bruce Lee The path involves self-examination, self-development,

film Enter the Dragon, Lee in a Shaolin monastery explains self-purification and eventual self-mastery.

to his student about a finger pointing to something. The Are we not like the lotus seed; surrounded by darkness, student looks at the finger.ignorance and pollution, though it may seem as if we are

Lee slaps him and says: 'Don't look at the finger, look at what living in advanced, enlightened times? As Gandhi said “Be

it is pointing to'.the change you want to see in the world“, because as you change the world will start to change. This concept gets misunderstood, because the finger points

to something external, the sun, a tree, an opponent or Doha 4:

whatever. The God is not like that, because the God is not out Kabir Soyee Soorma, Man Soon Maande Jhoojh there, it is not where a finger can point to. The God is like the Panch Pyada Paari Le, Door Kare Sab Dooj truth and the truth is NOT out there.

Translation: Again, as a finger, what does water point to? It points to something internal. Not internal as in our physical body,

Kabir, He alone is the Warrior , who takes on the mind because the body, the brain, the cells, the atoms are

head-on Crushing the sensual five, all duality gonecomposed of objects, sub-atomic particles, which as we will

Meaning: The real fighter, the real warrior is the one who explore, do not exist.takes on his own mind. The Mind controls the 'sensual five',

Yet, as the hermit Milarepa said: “the bodily substance is the the five senses of sight, sound, touch, smell and taste. These

palace of divinity“five senses and the mind that interprets the vibrations that the senses deliver to the brain, they all tell us lies. The mind Divinity is within the illusory body that water points to. This and the five senses tell us that duality exists, though in truth divinity animates the body and gives life to it. Divinity also it does not. Like a dream, everything around us does not exists within all things, for all things are alive; if you could exist - only God exists, everything else is part of duality. see a stone from the energetic perspective you'd see it as

vibrant, pulsing with life. You can feel it as your energetic Relevance in Modern World: This section explores why

presence. It is the one universal life force that animates all Water is considered a symbol or a pointer to the Spirit or

things. If you merge your awareness with it, becomes one God. Like emptiness, water goes by largely unnoticed, but

with it, you will become aware of the one life that animates without water, life would not exist. Just as life, would not

all things. As a symbol, water points to the divinity that exist without the God. Just as we cannot see the emptiness,

animates the illusory body. It points to the consciousness we cannot see the God, but could water point us to towards

or awareness that is the 'mother of all things under God? It explains the nature of life and existence; the nature

heaven'.of the Infinite; the opposing forces of good and evil, positive and negative and much more. Rhapsodic Doha's by Saint Ravidas:

The degree of softness in our body is related to the water Saint Ravidas was born about 1450 and died about 1520. content. A baby in the womb is 95% water; the dead are some According to some Scholars he was born in 1399 CE and 50% water. An absence of water is dryness, the way of death. lived 120years. Ravidas also known as “Raidas”. Ravidas When he is born, man is soft and weak; in death, he becomes was born in a village named seer Goverdhanpur, near stiff and hard. The ten thousand creatures and all plants and Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India. Kalsa was his mother, and his trees are supple and soft in life, but brittle and dry in death. father was Santokh Das. He was a great versifier saint in Truly, to be stiff and hard is the way of death; to be soft and 15th centuary. Raidas was a contemporary saint of Kabirdas supple is the way of life. and Ramanand was guru of both saints. Ravidas was very

liberal and devotional saint of medieval period. He belongs Hardness comes from the mind, and the emotions generated

to the family of leather work that called Chamar. According by the mind. From this you get the dogmas, and the belief

to Hinduism this family comes into the Shudra category. The systems that we are plagued with; the need to be right; the

spiritual and devotional song wrote by him had long-lasting ego; the arguments; the labels for other rigid opinions that

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impact upon the Bhakti movement. He is considered as the fourth position which is the last level of Varna system. originator of 21st century Ravidassia religion. He was Besides of these things he always gave the importance to previously related with sikhism. The spiritual songs of purity of soul. He always worked for the separate identity Raidas has included in Guru granth sahib, a sikh scripture. and respect of dalits. The most famous lines of raidas is Ravidas was a first scholar that coined the issues like Caste “MANN CHANGA TO KATHAUTI ME GANGA”.and creed. Traditionally the shudra families come into the

Dohas 1: hurdle to achieve our Goal. If we will try to understand causal effect relationship of things then there will be no

Jab hum hote tab tu nahi, ab tu hai mai nahi.place in our mind for such type of bullshit talks.

Alag alag jaise lahri me udadhi, jal keval jal mahi.In the same way if we start looking through the glass of

Translation: Indian Hindu culture then it is supposed that one male could be the head of the family. It is the common saying in the

When I am in ego then you are not with meIndian society that “Pati devta saman hota hai”. This

Now that you are with me there is no egotism within me. signifies that a husband is equivalent to god. With this supposition many of the Indian females are suffering from

The wind may raise huge waves in the vast ocean but domestic violence and the worst side of the dowry system.

they are just water in water.The total cases of dowry and domestic violence is rising day

Meaning: In this Doha, Bhakt Ravidas want to state that by day. The Indian females are still in the misconception of whenever you will not give up the feeling of arrogance, you the God in the form of there husband. However in the could not find the blessing of God. When you will make a modern world these cupids have been converted into devil. distance from your egoistic personality at that time you will If Raidas would be here in the 21st century then he must be easily find to God in your Body and soul. writing about the incoherent culture that is pervading in the

human minds regarding the relations of the modern Indian Relevance in Modern World: We are living with most of

society.facilities that affect us directly or indirectly. In the context of family we find that even in this modern time, people easily Doha 2:come into the effect of superstitions. This superstitious

Jati bhi ochhi, pati bhi ochhi, ochha janam humarabehavior makes people totally conservative and makes them irrational. Some time it seems that these kinds of people do Niche se prabhu uncha, kiyo hai kahe Raidas chamara.not want to see the things rationally and easily tend towards

Translation: such type of doing. It can be understand by the example of superstition like if, someone is going for interview or any Caste is low, stratum is low, and birth is also low,other important work and on the mid way a black cat cross

Raidas is saying god uplifted me from beneath.the road, then superstitious person will get confused, he will consider it as bad sign of god and not good time to start new Meaning: Saint Raidas says that I born in lowest caste and work. But In this modern time we should totally sacrifice my stratum is also low class but I feel satisfy because you are such type of thoughts. These conservative thoughts are only always with me. The logical aspect of this doha’s is that

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Don't feel sad if you are born in a lower caste. Wake-up to one another. At that time women were also playing equal your relation with the God and enhance your skills it will role in the formation of society. Both are complimentary raise to you at the higher level. element in the scene of family. We can take an example of

marriage institution. When a man does the marriage with a Relevance in Modern World: In this transitional era, we

woman and become husband-wife at that time there is no see that there are various classes exist in the society. i.e.

separation between them. Example of Dhiru bhai ambani in Upper, middle and lower. Generally we see two type of

relation to her wife supportgroup in the society, rich and poor. If we see at a glance on our surrounding then we get that some families live their life Doha 4:in very luxurious way. On the other hand some families are

Prabhuji ! Tum Chandan, Hum Pani | not able to fulfil even their basic needs.

Jaaki Ang Ang Baas Samaani || Health centre of University of Hyderabad has registered a

Prabhuji ! Tum Ghan, Ban Hum Mora | Dalit suicide case in January 2016. Rohit Vermula has done suicide due to the low attention he received because of his

Jaise Chitwat Chand Chakora || caste. Since the time of Ravidas the virus of caste is

Prabhuji ! Tum Deepak Hum Baati, prevailing in India and still it’s destructing the entire nation. Free India is still in urgent need of freedom from the caste

Jaaki Jyoti Barai Dini Raati || and creed system.

Prabhuji ! Tum Moti, Hum Dhaga | The ‘New Oxfam Report 2015’ shows that the 62 richest

Jaise Sonhe Milat Suhaga || billionaires own as much wealth as the poorer half of the world population. May be it is the bad aspect of our society

Prabhuji ! Tum Swami, Hum Dasa | but if we seriously think about that people who are poor, they

Aisi Bhakti Karai Raidasa || are living their life with satisfaction. In their life, no cut throat competition exists and people not worried about

Translation: O Lord, we are the water. You are the materialistic things. They easily admit the Power of god and

sandalwood that perfumes the water and is present equally they have more capacity for taking risk in their life. In this

everywhere in the water. O Lord, we are forest. You are the Materialistic society everyone wants to get more facility and

cloud. As a Chakora Bird is thirsty for a raindrop directly live life with all comfort. This Doha of Saint Raidas wants to

falling into its mouth from the cloud, so we are for you. O give a clear message to believe yourself and improve your

Lord, You are the light (deepak) and we are the thread (baati) positive habits. With the help of consistency and hard labor

that burns to sustain the ever glowing flame. O Lord, we are you can be a great personality also.

the thread and you are the beautiful pearls of the mala. O Doha 3: Lord, You are the master. We are your servants. Let this be

the way of my devotion forever. Tohi mohi Mohi tohi antar kaisa,

Meaning: In these lines Raidas says that God is great Kanak katik jal tarang jaisa.

creator. When we are needed God always help. Saint Raidas Translation: explain that there are countless bad habits inbuilt in our

personality but because of God’s mercy we are living this You are me and I am you, what is the difference between

life in very enthusiastic way. We want to always live with the us?

care of god. God always make our path lighted.We are like gold and bracelet are water and the waves.

Relevance in Modern World: In this technological time, Meaning: importance of true guru more increases. A true Guru Saint Ravidas says that God is everywhere even,

(Satguru) is just like god. He prevents us from deviating he live in each cell of our body. A man cannot imagine from our goals and makes us aware of all right and wrong himself without god’s present. Relation of human being and thing present in this world. We cannot deny from the fact that God is just like Body and soul.Guru plays a prominent role in this world. We can also see

Relevance in Modern World: These lines represent the the importance of guru in these lines that said by Kabirdas.

role of male and female in our society. Both are know the Guru Kumhar Sikh Kumbh Hai, Gadh Gadh Kadhe Khotimportance of one-another but sometimes situation become

worse and they blame one another. We all know that male Antar Hath Sahar De, Bahar Bahe

have some qualities of female and female have some The example of Edison and Eklawya in Mahabharata are qualities of male. Both are play a prominent role in existing few exemplars of the ancient and modern world.social structure. In Hindu scripture it is written that neither

male nor female can complete their ritual activity without

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Doha 1: sex) is considered as a crime by Indian government and government is regularly amending the rules to protect the

“Kaam Krodh Madh Lobh Ki, Jo Lou Mann Me Khansexual and mental assault of not only females but form men

Tou Lou Pandit Murkho, Tulsi Ek Saman”also.

Translation:Krodh (Anger) lasts for a short while but leaves its impact

Lust, anger, ego and greed, if adopted by someone for lifetime. Uncontrolled anger increases anxiety, high blood pressure, headache etc. A research conducted by

There is no difference between scholar and brainless or University of Sydney in Australia reveals the fact that anger

duffer.outbursts could raise the risk of heart attack, stroke and other

Meaning: The medieval poet and philosopher advocated cardiovascular events. In modern times, the concept of that a person with all knowledge and qualification is fool if scheming anger has transformed into anger management he is surrounded by four moral evils Kaam (lust and programs conducted by research of psychologists. Success illegitimate sex), Krodh(anger and needs to be controlled), in treating anxiety with Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) Madh (ego or proud), Lobh (greed, a strong desire to possess and some popular anger management techniques include what rightfully belongs to others). monitored breathing exercises, relaxation techniques,

imagery problem solving, cognitive restructuring, Relevance in Modern World:

interpersonal skills development and improving The inner battle- fought by abandoning four unethical evils communication strategies.Kaam, krodh, madh and lobh. Kaam (lust and illegitimate

Triumphal Doha’s by Goswami Tulsidas writing in two years, seven months and twenty six days. He came to the Varanasi and delivered the epic Ramcharitmanas

Tulsidas a Hindu poet-saint, reformer and philosopher to the Lord Shiva and Mata Parvati at the Kashi Vishwanath

renowned for his devotion to the god Rama was born at Temple. Tulsidas was acclaimed in his lifetime to be a

Rajapur (also known as the Chitrakuta) at the banks of the reincarnation of Valmiki, the composer of the original

Yamuna river in UP. Tulsidas was acclaimed in his lifetime Ramayana in Sanskrit. It consists of seven books or chapter

to be a reincarnation of Valmiki, the composer of the original namely Bal Kand, Ayodhya Kand, Aranya Kand, Kiskindha

Ramayana in Sanskrit. He started his first learning at the Kand, Sundar Kand, Lanka Kand and Uttar Kand. The

Ayodhya and his Upanayana was performed by the Indologist and linguist Sir George Grierson called Tulsidas

Narharidas at Ayodhya when he was just of 7 years old. He "the greatest leader of the people after the Buddha" and "the

came to the sacred city Varanasi when he was just 15–16 greatest of Indian authors of modern times" and

years old and got the knowledge of Sanskrit grammar, Hindu contemporary Akbar, called Tulsidas the greatest man of his

literature and philosophy, four Vedas, six Vedangas, Jyotisha age in India and greater than even Akbar himself. Tulsidas

from his guru Shesha Sanatana at the Panchaganga Ghat in spent most of his life in the city of Varanasi and the Tulsi

Varanasi. Ghat on the Ganges River in Varanasi is named after him. He

Tulsidas wrote twelve books. The most famous book is his died on the river bank of Gange at the Assi Ghat at the age of Ramayan—Ram-charit-manas—in Hindi. He started 91 in the month of Shraavan (July or August) in 1623. writing Ramcharitmanas in Ayodhya and completed his

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Kings of Magadh Dynasty succeeded by killing their fathers Examples of Indian personalities popularly known for to rule and capture whole empire proves the chronic mercy are Mother Teresa, Ishverchandra Vidyasagar, imbalances in their social values. King Brihdratha was Madanmohan Malaviya. killed by his son Bibisar who was killed by his son

Doha 3:Ajatashatru. Ajatashatru was killed by Udayin.

“Bina tej ke purush ki avshi avagya hoyIn modern civilized era, for passing time youngsters spend

Aagi bujhe jyo raakh ki aap chuvay sab koy”their time at bars and casinos knowing the fact that it can

Translation:destroy their future but still these places are at hit list.

Person without enlightenment, get disrespected in Doha 2:society. Like, if fire put-off, everyone can easily touch the

“Daya Dharm Ka Mool Hai, Paap Mool Abhimanashes (without fear, hesitations).

Tulsi Daya Na Choriye, Jab Lag Ghat Me Praan”Meaning: Acquisition of knowledge gives respect in

Translation: society. Enlightenment means a philosophical movement that emphasizes the reason to use and scrutinize previously

“Compassion is the basis of Religion, sin is root of established doctrines, ethnicity and brought many

arrogancehumanitarian reforms.

Don't give up the quality of Mercy, until you die.”Relevance in Modern World: In modern-era, whole world

Meaning: Goswami Tulsidas Ji stated that kindness is the is mad at gaining knowledge but a eminent personality who foundation of all the religion and sin is the root for uses his knowledge in logical way at right time enlighten the destruction. Religions may be different but teaches same society, gains respect in the society. India gave great values; kindness, goodwill, devotion to God can never suffer personalities to the world, personalities who made or fall in disrepute. With ups and downs at different stages of difference in the field of Politics, Sports, Dance, Science, life a man should keep faith on himself and don't give up the Religion, Industry, Cinema etc. from Gautam Buddh to quality of mercy for his entire life. Mahatma Gandhi, from Chacha Nehru to Mrs. Indira Gandi,

from Dr. Rajendra Prashad to Mr. APJ Abdul Kalam Ajad, Relevance in Modern World:

from Milkha Singh to Mukesh Ambani. The world today stands on the mouth of seething volcano. In

Doha 4:modern world mercy by a person is confined to their relatives and loved ones and sometimes this emotion of "Tulsi meethe bachan te sukh upjaat chahu ormercy tragically disappears for the relatives and loved ones. Basikaran ek mantra hain pariharu bachan kathor"

14th Dalai Lama of Tibet approached to maintain world Translation: Peace “ I maintain that every religion of the world -

Sweet speech creates happiness all around. Buddhism, Christianity, Confucianism, Hinduism, Islam, Jainism, Judaism, Sikhism, Taoism, Zoroastrianism - has If you want to win over the hearts of others then don't similar ideals of love, the same goal of benefiting humanity speak harsh words.through spiritual practice, and the same effect of making

Meaning: Communication is most certainly one of the their followers into better human beings. All religions teach

strongest tools at disposal and being soft spoken can work moral precepts for perfecting the functions of mind, body,

extremely well for your advantage. Novelist Kevin Allen and speech. All teach us not to lie or steal or take others'

Thompson said that use hard words it is full of potential and lives, and so on. The common goal of all moral precepts laid

symbolize the healthy culture world but never use harsh down by the great teachers of humanity is unselfishness. The

word; it denotes destruction, negativity and unhealthy great teachers wanted to lead their followers away from the

culture.paths of negative deeds caused by ignorance and to

Relevance in Modern World: Sweet tongue grows introduce them to paths of goodness.”pleasure everywhere. Communication can, with the passage

Shakespeare presented mercy as a quality most valuable to of time, make or break any relationship; personal, social or

the most powerful, strongest and highest in society; The business. Newberg and Waldman in year 2012 discussed

quality of mercy is not strained” "Strained" is a that words can change your brain and explained how

Shakesperean-era term for "forced or constrained"; it means negative words, heard even just for a fleeting movement

mercy must be freely given. You can grasp this by seeing the persist for long time. Human emotions are prompted by love

quote in context: “The quality of mercy is not strained, it and pain received from others in society. Soft

dropped as the gentle rain from heaven.”communication skill commonly alleviates building of

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healthy relationship. Now-days in business, effective named after him, is situated in the Nawanshahr district of the communication by managers helps in facilitating modern state of Punjab, India. information sharing between company employees,

He became popular in the medieval feudal culture. He has motivates them and helps in contributing commercial

versatile personality and played many role in his life cycle success. In most of the business schools there is a separate

such as a commander, administrator, patron, munificent, subject which helps in improving the communication skills.

diplomat, poet and scholar. Apart from writing various Business managers, owners and entrepreneurs also

couplets, Rahim also made his valuable contribution by understood the pivotal role of communication for employee

translating Babar's memoirs, Baburnama from Chagatai motivation, as it can sometimes be the most basic

language to Persian language, which was completed in 998 communication slip-up that leads to dissatisfaction among

(1589–90) AD. Though Rahim born in muslim family but he employees. Facilitating effective communication can help

had extreme affection for Krishna and wrote poetry to in improving employees' performance.

dedicate him. He was famous for his charity to the poor. Blissful Doha's by Rahimdas Tulsidas wrote a doha when heard about rahim's alms

behaviour. Bhakti kal in Hindi literature was also the age of noticeable assimilation between the Hindu and Islamic elements in Arts. This integration had been possible primarily with the arrival of umpteen Muslim Bhakti poets like Rahim. In "Why give alms like this? Where did you learn that?bhakti kaal Rahim was another great poet and possessor of

Your hands are as high as your eyes are low"immense knowledge as kabir. Famous poet Rahim was son of Bairam khan and Sultana began also known as Khanzada He holds an excellent command over Sanskrit and also Mirza Khan Abdul Rahim Khan-e-Khana born in 17 Dec wrote two books on astrology, Kheta Kautukama and 1556 and thaw out in panchtatwa in 1627. Bairam khan Dwawishd Yogavali. Rahim revealed deep secrets of life by father of rahim was escort of mugal emperor. He lived verses writing. His cantos have their own place in 21 century during the rule of Muhgal king Akbar and was eminent which cannot be neglected because certain facts are those versifier of mugal emperor. He was one of the nine important truths that remain relevant always. Rahims dohas are those ministers (dewan) in akbar's state, also honoured as Akbar's eternal truths which will never change and always play a Navaratnas. Akbar gave him the title of “Mirza Khan”. prominent role in the development of society. Rahim is best known for his Hindi couplets and his books on astrological science. The village of Khankhana, which is

Doha 1: Meaning: Rahim related relations with thread. He said that don't break or snap thread of love with your loved one. If it

Rahiman Dhaga Prem Ka, Mat Todo Chatkay | breaks once, it cannot be mended. Even we try to mend it

Tute Se Phir Naa Mile, Mile Gaanth Pad Jaaye || there a knot will be appear, which means there will always be some awkwardness.

Translation: Relevance in Modern World: It is very clear from the

Says Rahim do not snap ever, the thread of love,aforementioned poetry that confidence and love that build

Once broken, it does not unite, if it does, knots appear. during decades are not meant to be broken. Because once it

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is broken, it will not be unite again; even if it does it will not also understand the relevance of this Doha with Karl Marx achieve its original level of believe and devotion. Rahim's perspective. Marx said that labor class is as important as this couplet is relevant for every phase of society whether it capitalist. Capitalist cannot produce anything without the is modern or ancient. It seems in every level as family, state support of labor instead having full power and resources. and country. The best example of this doha is relation of Marx perspective is prominent example for the existence of India and Pakistan. Both countries fought first time for the this couplet in the modern society.possession of Jammu and Kashmir from the first day of

Doha:3independence from British Empire in 1947. Day by day

Taruwar Phal Nahi Khaat Hai, Sarwar Piyhi Na Paan | relation between them is becoming awful. Government have made many policy and plan to construct healthy

Kahi Rahim Parkaaj Hit, Sampati Sanchhi Sujaan ||environment but both country are still behaving as rival of

Translation:each other and there is a knot in there relation which not seems to be removed. Hence, it is true that once broken

Trees do not eat their own fruits; relation is very difficult to mend again as earlier relation.

Pools don't drink their own water.Doha: 2

Meaning: A tree never eats its own fruits and a river never Rahiman Dekhi Baden Ko, Laghu Na Dijie Daari |

drinks its own water. In the same way, good people are those Jaha Kaam Aawai Sui, Kaha Karai Tarwari || who accumulates assets for others work.

Relevance in Modern World:Translation: Meaning of this doha signify that eminent people work for welfare of society instead of

Says Rahim do not spurn the trivial seeing the weighty working themselves as trees do not eat their fruits, river don't

When you need a sewing needle of what use a sword. drink its water. Relevance of this doha can be seen in modern society also. We have many instance related to this doha as

Meaning: Rahim says you should not forget small our former president A.P.J. Abdul Kalam who died in 2015

things/poor friends just because you now have access to had invented missile for the security of India. M. K. Gandhi

big/rich, important people. For example you cannot use a and B. R. Ambedkar social reformer who struggled for the

sword where you need a needle even though sword is much right of the underprivileged group to provide them equal

bigger than needle. In other words never despise the little place in the society as the other class. It will be not

one on seeing the big one.hyperbolic to say that this doha of Rahim is still have

Relevance in Modern World: This doha have its own prominent and significant meaning in the modern society.meaning that everyone is equally important and we should

Doha: 4not neglect any one either it is big or small, rich or poor. The

Jaal Pare Jal Jaat Bahi, Taji Minan Ko Moh meaning of Rahim's this couplet still exist in organic society. By using Structural functional perspective Eminent scholar

Rahiman Machri Neer Ko Tau Na Chadti Chhoh of sociology Herbert Spencer and Emile Durkheim has been

Translationrelated society with organic structure. Durkheim introduced the terms "mechanical" and "organic solidarity"

A fish is caught in a net and taken away from water. as part of his theory of the development of societies.

Water lets the fish go. Mechanical solidarity normally operates in "traditional" and

Look at the love that the fish has for water, the fish small scale societies. In simpler societies (e.g., tribal), prefers death to separation.solidarity is usually based on kinship ties of familial

networks. Organic solidarity comes from the Meaning: This Doha is related to love, passion, dedication

interdependence that arises from specialization of work and and struggle for life. Rahim explained this couplet by giving

the complementarities between people a development the example of fish that how she struggle for life and her

which occurs in "modern" and "industrial" societies. willingness for living in water instead getting catch in the

Spencer is popularly known for his treatment of evolution. net.

He also observed some similarities between biological and Relevance in Modern World:social organism. According to both thinkers in society there

is interdependence between every part. All units has been “Success consists of going from failure to failure without

assigned different task to run and occur change in society. loss of enthusiasm.”

Every unit have its own importance no one can be neglected -Winston Churchillsuch as society is made by individual's social relation and it

cannot be even imagine in absence of any of them. We can 150 years ago Fredrick Douglas gave this statement that

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“there is no struggle, there is no progress”. This statement is the Doha's in their own manners but the writing pedagogy of patron of this doha of Rahim that every creature of god have these fours intellectuals is much higher that one may never to fight to live. To provide evidence the relevance of this be able to summarize it in its full meaning. We just made an couplet with the modern world there are many live example. attempt to do this with our little knowledge of research and We can count them on finger such as Dhiru Bhai Ambani, still exploring towards the collection of primary data with Ratan Tata, Amitabh Bachchan, Narendra Modi, Shiv Khera reference to the perception of Indian public in the regards of etc. Amitabh Bachchan a blockbuster actor at the Bollywood these Doha's. This is the limitation of the research made in was bankrupt and his career tanked along with his the article and will be considered as the future research area production house, Amitabh Bachchan Corporation Limited for academics. With this research, we have formulated a new (ABCL). His swift rise and sudden downfall is a true dimension to the education policy makers for inculcating the Bollywood tale within Bollywood but he did not surrender moral values in the Indian Public. This is a suggestion for the and continued to fight. After arrival of KBC series in India Indian government to bring these Doha's in the eyes of slowly, he once again rose to the top in the same field. He international forums so that India may get more proved that passion and dedication is important part of the acknowledgements for the contribution made by their success. Shiv Khera is another great example of a men who Indian Scholars. Theses Doha's may also be helpful to root struggle and get success. A writer of inspirational books, he out the virus of terrorism and communal discord from the perhaps needed his words the most when he was accused of entire globe.plagiarism. Post the launch of one of his books, 'Freedom is

Webliography:Not Free', Shiv Khera was accused by a retired civil servant

http://www.hindisahityadarpan.in/2015/01/download-Amrit Lal of plagiarism. While Shiv Khera was dragged to raheem-ke-dohe-hindi-ebook-pdf.htmlcourt, he did not give up and continued his writings. He even

defended his writings saying he read a lot of books and http://www.allinhindi.com/tag/rahim-ke-dohe-with-

researched before writing. Some of that research stayed with meaning-in-hindi-pdf/

him. Though he phased many hurdle but did not give up. He http://ejnuasio.tumblr.com/post/47102472249/rahim-ke-spring back to same profession. Today, his books continue

dohe-pdf-downloadbeing motivational best-sellers. Hence it is not hyperbolic to say that struggle and continues effort is the key of success

www.vidyalaya.us/modx/assets/files/H5/kehetkabir.pdfbut passion and love is also essential.

www.4shared.com/document/pMtYby0-/Kabir_ke_ Conclusion

Dohe.htmlThe research article herewith finally summarizes the

https://pearlsofspirituality.wordpress.com/2011/07/18/15/thoughts of the connoisseurs of Indian history. In modern

http://www.sahityadarshan.com/magazine/literature/569/raworld there are lot of changes made towards westernization idas-dohe.htmlbut the core of our tradition is much deeper that another

culture cannot remove it out. The word of Kabirdas, http://www.anubhuti-hindi.org/bhaktisagar/tulsi.htm

Rahimdas, Raidas and Tulsidas are still proving to change http://www.allinhindi.com/tag/tulsidas-ke-dohe-in-hindi-the individual's behaviour in India. Many of the great

pdf/scholars like Swami Vivekanand had tried harder to explain

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changing ethical values in hindu family- evidence from ... 2017/17.pdf · a true poetic translation...

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