chap 1a introduction to instrument (s) (2)

8/17/2019 Chap 1a Introduction to Instrument (s) (2)

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LMS Access code: BJWN-SDAX

EP320 Process Instrumentation &Instrumental Analysis

Time: Mon: 2.00pm-3.30pm;

Semester: Jan-Apr 2016

Location: K206

Wed: 2.00pm-3.30pm


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Type of Assessment Assessment Methods Percentage (%)

Written tests

Mid-term 20

Test 20

Final exam 50

Group Project Assignment 10

The course has four assessment components as described above.Mid-term : It will be conducted between weeks 5-6 of the semester. The test will

consist of 3 to 6 questions. The duration of test will be 1 ½ hour.

Test : It will be conducted between weeks 10-11 of the semester. The midterm exam

will consist of 3 to 6 questions. The duration of the mid-term exam will be 1 ½ hour.

Group Project: Student will be assigned in group to design the P&ID diagram of

selected small scale process industries, with the justification of control system,

measurement instruments and valves selection,

Final Exam: It will consist of 6 questions. Students must answer 5 of the 6

questions. The duration of the final exam will be 3 hours.

EP320 Process Instrumentation & Instrumental Analysis


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Week# Date Day Topic1 6-Jan Wed Introduction: Basic Concepts in Instrumentation

2 11-Jan Mon Classification of Instruments: Null Instrument,

Deflection Instrument, Analog and Digital Types

2 13-Jan Wed Static performance characteristic of instrument

3 18-Jan Mon Dynamic characteristics of instrument

3 20-Jan Wed Process Control: Basic Component of ControlSystem

4 27-Jan Mon Process and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID)

5 3-Feb Wed PID: Methodology and Symbols

6 10-Feb Wed Design and Evaluation of P&ID of Different

Applications in Industries

7 15-Feb Mon Midterm7 17-Feb Wed Design and Evaluation of P&ID of Different

Applications in Industries

Teaching Plan


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Week# Date Day Topic8 22-Feb Mon Temperature Measurement: Temperature Scales,

Units, Standards and Calibration; Heat Transfer

Systems in Thermal Measuring Systems;

8 24-Feb Wed Temperature Measuring Methods: Non-electrical

9 29-Feb Mon Temperature Measuring Methods:, Electrical,

Radiation;9 3-Mar Wed Temperature Measurement: Principles,

Application and Selection of Each Temperature

Instrument.

10 7-Mar Mon Pressure Measurement: Pressure Scales and Units;

High, Moderate and Low Pressure (Vacuum)

Measuring Instruments & Their Principles;

10 9-Mar Wed Pressure Measurement: Dynamics Pressure

Sensors; Principles, Application and Selection of

Each Pressure Instrument.

11 14-Mar Mon Test


Teaching Plan


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Week# Date Day Topic11 16-Mar Wed Flow Measurement: Flow Scales and Units;

Classification: Positive Displacement Meters, Rate

Meters, Head Meters, Area Meters;

12 21-Mar Mon Flow Measurement: Special Methods:

Electromagnetic, Ultrasonic, Vortex Shedding,

Thermal Mass Flow Sensors, Coriolis Effect Mass;

12 23-Mar Wed Flow Measurement: Application and Selection of

Each Flow Instrument, Valves.

13 28-Mar Mon Level Measurement: Classification:

13 30-Mar Wed Level Measurement: Direct and Indirect

Measurements; Displacer, Float, Pressure Gauges,Balance Method, Ultrasonic, Nucleonic Methods.


Teaching Plan

The End


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Guest Talk from Industry

Mr. Christopher Ng Yokogawa Electric (M) Sdn Bhd

No.9, Jalan Industri PBP3, Taman IndustriPusat Bandar Puchong, 47100 Puchong,

Selangor, Malaysia


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At the end of this course, students should be able to:

CLO 1: Apply principles of instrumentation in chemical industries.

CLO 2: Design the piping and instrumentation diagram (P&ID) for

processes in chemical plant.

CLO 3: Compare types of instrument in terms of temperature,

pressure, flow and level measurement, respectively.

CLO 4: Evaluate different measurement techniques for temperature,

pressure, flow and level.CLO 5: Propose suitable measurement instruments based on the

process needs.


Course Learning Outcome (CLO)


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INTRODUCTION TOINSTRUMENTS AND

THEIR REPRESENTATION


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Outline

1 . I n t r o d u c t i o n

2 . A p p l i c a t i o n O f I n s t r u m e n t s

3 . F u n c t i o n a l E l e m e n t

4 . C l a s s i f i c a t i o n o f i n s t r u m e n t s

5 . M i c ro p r o ce s s o r- b a s e d i n s tr u m en t a ti o n

6 . S t a n d a r d & c a l i b r a t i o n


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INTRODUCTION

There have been significant developments in thefield of instrumentation.

It encompasses the area of detection, acquisition,control and analysis of data.

Instrumentation is indispensable.

Instrumentation is very vital to modern industries

Instrument system act as extension on human senseand quite often facilitate retrieval of information

from complex situation.


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Typical application

Military & Aerospace Heavy Construction Eng. Data communication

Medical & biological systemsEnvironmental Eng. Automobile & consumer market

Weather datameasurement

Laboratory test andscientific studies


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Measurement (Fundamental)

If we can’t measure something, it is really pointless to try tocontrol it.

This “something” usually takes one of the following forms inindustry:

Fluid pressure

Fluid flow rate The temperature of an object

Fluid volume stored in a vessel

Chemical concentration

Machine position, motion, or acceleration

Physical dimension(s) of an object

Count (inventory) of objects Electrical voltage, current, or resistance

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FUNCTIONAL ELEMENT

F u n c t i o n a l e l e m e n t

basic

Transducer

Signalconditioning

Datapresentation

Auxiliary

Calibration

External power

Feedback

Microprocessor

Those that form theintegral parts of allinstruments

Those which may beincorporated in aparticular systemdepending on thetype of requirement,

the nature of measurementtechnique etc.


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Basic Functional Elements

Transducer element

Element that sense & convert the desired input to a moreconvenient and practicable form to be handle by themeasurement systems

Signal conditioning/ intermediate modifyingelement

For manipulating /processing the output of the transducer ina suitable form

Data presentation element

For giving the information about the measurand and measured variable in quantitative form


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Auxiliary Functional Elements

Calibration element To provide a built in calibration facility

External power element To facilitate the working of one/ more or the element like the

transducer element, the signal conditioning element, the data processing element or the feedback element

Feedback element To control the variation of the physical quantity that is being

measured. It provided in the null-seeking potentiometric/Wheatstone bridge devices to make them automaticand self balancing

Microprocessor element To facilitate the manipulation of data for the purpose of

simplifying/ accelerating the data interpretation. Always used inconjunctions with analog-to-digital converter which isincorporated in the signal conditioning element


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Example of Identification of Functional Elements inInstruments: Bourdon tube pressure gauge

The pressure applied to the hollow oval-shaped bent tube(Bourdon tube), deforms the cross section of the tube as wellas causes a relative motion, proportional to the appliedpressure, of free end of the tube with respect to its fixed end.

This tube act as transducer element as it convert the desire

input into a displacement x at its free end. This displacement is amplified by the combined lever and the

gearing arrangement which may be referred to as the signalconditioning elements.

Finally, the movement of the pointer attached to the gear on ascale gives an indication of the pressure. Thus pointer andscale constitute the data presentation elements.


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(b)

(a) Bourdon tube pressure gauge (b) Functional elements of the Bourdon tube pressure gauge


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1. State FIVE applications of instrument systems.

2. Briefly describe the functional elements of a measurement

system.

Classroom activities I

3. Indicate the basic and auxiliary functional elements of

Bourdon tube pressure gauge (Figure Q3) in the form of block

diagrams.

Figure Q3


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i). Measurements involve the gathering of information from the

physical world and comparison of the same with the agreed standards.

4. Indicate whether the following statements are true or false. If

false, rewrite the correct statement.

ii). Instrument engineering is the systematic design of a reliable and

cost-effective measuring system which conforms to the requirements

of a measurement situation.

iii). Instrument engineering is the systematic design of a reliable andcost-effective measuring system which conforms to the requirements

of a measurement situation.

iv). Bourdon pressure gauge transduces the pressure signal into a

large displacement which can be directly read on a measuring scale.

v). Measurement systems seldom provide exact information about themeasurand.

chap 1a introduction to instrument (s) (2)

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