chap 23 evolution of populations genotype p2p2 aa 2pqaa q2q2 aa phenotype dominantp 2 + 2pq...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Chap 23 Evolution of Populations Genotype p2p2 AA 2pqAa q2q2 aa Phenotype Dominantp 2 + 2pq Recessiveq2q2 Gene pA qa p + q = 1 p 2 + 2pq + q 2 = 1](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697c0281a28abf838cd6991/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chap 23
Evolution of Populations
![Page 2: Chap 23 Evolution of Populations Genotype p2p2 AA 2pqAa q2q2 aa Phenotype Dominantp 2 + 2pq Recessiveq2q2 Gene pA qa p + q = 1 p 2 + 2pq + q 2 = 1](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697c0281a28abf838cd6991/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Genotype
p2 AA
2pq Aa
q2 aa
Phenotype
Dominant p2 + 2pq
Recessive q2
Gene
Gene
p A
q a
p + q = 1p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1
![Page 3: Chap 23 Evolution of Populations Genotype p2p2 AA 2pqAa q2q2 aa Phenotype Dominantp 2 + 2pq Recessiveq2q2 Gene pA qa p + q = 1 p 2 + 2pq + q 2 = 1](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697c0281a28abf838cd6991/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
5 Conditions of the Hardy-Weinberg Principal
• If all conditions are met then the gene frequencies stay the same (equilibrium)
1. Populations must be large
2. Random mating
3. No natural selection
4. No mutation
5. No migration
![Page 4: Chap 23 Evolution of Populations Genotype p2p2 AA 2pqAa q2q2 aa Phenotype Dominantp 2 + 2pq Recessiveq2q2 Gene pA qa p + q = 1 p 2 + 2pq + q 2 = 1](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697c0281a28abf838cd6991/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Chap 23 Evolution of Populations Genotype p2p2 AA 2pqAa q2q2 aa Phenotype Dominantp 2 + 2pq Recessiveq2q2 Gene pA qa p + q = 1 p 2 + 2pq + q 2 = 1](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697c0281a28abf838cd6991/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Chap 23 Evolution of Populations Genotype p2p2 AA 2pqAa q2q2 aa Phenotype Dominantp 2 + 2pq Recessiveq2q2 Gene pA qa p + q = 1 p 2 + 2pq + q 2 = 1](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697c0281a28abf838cd6991/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Chap 23 Evolution of Populations Genotype p2p2 AA 2pqAa q2q2 aa Phenotype Dominantp 2 + 2pq Recessiveq2q2 Gene pA qa p + q = 1 p 2 + 2pq + q 2 = 1](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697c0281a28abf838cd6991/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
1. Why are there no plants with white flowers in Generation 3?
No individuals that carried the allele for white flowers in Generation 2 produced offspring.
![Page 8: Chap 23 Evolution of Populations Genotype p2p2 AA 2pqAa q2q2 aa Phenotype Dominantp 2 + 2pq Recessiveq2q2 Gene pA qa p + q = 1 p 2 + 2pq + q 2 = 1](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697c0281a28abf838cd6991/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
2. If one RR plant and one rr plant where the only individuals that reproduced in Generation 2, would genetic drift have occurred between Generations 2 and 3? Explain.
No. The allele frequencies would still be 50% R and 50% r.
Genetic Drift:
when gene frequencies change due to random events
![Page 9: Chap 23 Evolution of Populations Genotype p2p2 AA 2pqAa q2q2 aa Phenotype Dominantp 2 + 2pq Recessiveq2q2 Gene pA qa p + q = 1 p 2 + 2pq + q 2 = 1](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697c0281a28abf838cd6991/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
HW Problems
problems
animation
![Page 10: Chap 23 Evolution of Populations Genotype p2p2 AA 2pqAa q2q2 aa Phenotype Dominantp 2 + 2pq Recessiveq2q2 Gene pA qa p + q = 1 p 2 + 2pq + q 2 = 1](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697c0281a28abf838cd6991/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Chap 23 Evolution of Populations Genotype p2p2 AA 2pqAa q2q2 aa Phenotype Dominantp 2 + 2pq Recessiveq2q2 Gene pA qa p + q = 1 p 2 + 2pq + q 2 = 1](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697c0281a28abf838cd6991/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Bottle Neck Effect
![Page 12: Chap 23 Evolution of Populations Genotype p2p2 AA 2pqAa q2q2 aa Phenotype Dominantp 2 + 2pq Recessiveq2q2 Gene pA qa p + q = 1 p 2 + 2pq + q 2 = 1](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697c0281a28abf838cd6991/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Sample of Original Population
Founding Population A
Founding Population B
Descendants
Genetic Drifta random change in gene frequencySection 16-2
![Page 13: Chap 23 Evolution of Populations Genotype p2p2 AA 2pqAa q2q2 aa Phenotype Dominantp 2 + 2pq Recessiveq2q2 Gene pA qa p + q = 1 p 2 + 2pq + q 2 = 1](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697c0281a28abf838cd6991/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Sample of Original Population
Founding Population A
Founding Population B
Descendants
Section 16-2
Founder’s Effect
![Page 14: Chap 23 Evolution of Populations Genotype p2p2 AA 2pqAa q2q2 aa Phenotype Dominantp 2 + 2pq Recessiveq2q2 Gene pA qa p + q = 1 p 2 + 2pq + q 2 = 1](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697c0281a28abf838cd6991/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Sample of Original Population
Founding Population A
Founding Population B
Descendants
Founder’s EffectSection 16-2
![Page 15: Chap 23 Evolution of Populations Genotype p2p2 AA 2pqAa q2q2 aa Phenotype Dominantp 2 + 2pq Recessiveq2q2 Gene pA qa p + q = 1 p 2 + 2pq + q 2 = 1](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697c0281a28abf838cd6991/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Cline-Change in phenotype over a geographic range
Cline-Change in phenotype over a geographic range
![Page 16: Chap 23 Evolution of Populations Genotype p2p2 AA 2pqAa q2q2 aa Phenotype Dominantp 2 + 2pq Recessiveq2q2 Gene pA qa p + q = 1 p 2 + 2pq + q 2 = 1](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697c0281a28abf838cd6991/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: Chap 23 Evolution of Populations Genotype p2p2 AA 2pqAa q2q2 aa Phenotype Dominantp 2 + 2pq Recessiveq2q2 Gene pA qa p + q = 1 p 2 + 2pq + q 2 = 1](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697c0281a28abf838cd6991/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Chap 23 Evolution of Populations Genotype p2p2 AA 2pqAa q2q2 aa Phenotype Dominantp 2 + 2pq Recessiveq2q2 Gene pA qa p + q = 1 p 2 + 2pq + q 2 = 1](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697c0281a28abf838cd6991/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Chap 23 Evolution of Populations Genotype p2p2 AA 2pqAa q2q2 aa Phenotype Dominantp 2 + 2pq Recessiveq2q2 Gene pA qa p + q = 1 p 2 + 2pq + q 2 = 1](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697c0281a28abf838cd6991/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: Chap 23 Evolution of Populations Genotype p2p2 AA 2pqAa q2q2 aa Phenotype Dominantp 2 + 2pq Recessiveq2q2 Gene pA qa p + q = 1 p 2 + 2pq + q 2 = 1](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697c0281a28abf838cd6991/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: Chap 23 Evolution of Populations Genotype p2p2 AA 2pqAa q2q2 aa Phenotype Dominantp 2 + 2pq Recessiveq2q2 Gene pA qa p + q = 1 p 2 + 2pq + q 2 = 1](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697c0281a28abf838cd6991/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Normal Distribution
Bell curve
Normal Distribution
Bell curve
![Page 22: Chap 23 Evolution of Populations Genotype p2p2 AA 2pqAa q2q2 aa Phenotype Dominantp 2 + 2pq Recessiveq2q2 Gene pA qa p + q = 1 p 2 + 2pq + q 2 = 1](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697c0281a28abf838cd6991/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Different combinations of survivors will be bring different combinations of genes together resulting in the appearance of new phenotypes
Different combinations of survivors will be bring different combinations of genes together resulting in the appearance of new phenotypes
![Page 23: Chap 23 Evolution of Populations Genotype p2p2 AA 2pqAa q2q2 aa Phenotype Dominantp 2 + 2pq Recessiveq2q2 Gene pA qa p + q = 1 p 2 + 2pq + q 2 = 1](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697c0281a28abf838cd6991/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
p456
Balanced Polymorphism
Heterozygote Advantage - People with sickle cell trait have a better chance of surviving Malaria
Freq dependent Selection
One morph declines if it becomes too common
p456
Balanced Polymorphism
Heterozygote Advantage - People with sickle cell trait have a better chance of surviving Malaria
Freq dependent Selection
One morph declines if it becomes too common
![Page 24: Chap 23 Evolution of Populations Genotype p2p2 AA 2pqAa q2q2 aa Phenotype Dominantp 2 + 2pq Recessiveq2q2 Gene pA qa p + q = 1 p 2 + 2pq + q 2 = 1](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697c0281a28abf838cd6991/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: Chap 23 Evolution of Populations Genotype p2p2 AA 2pqAa q2q2 aa Phenotype Dominantp 2 + 2pq Recessiveq2q2 Gene pA qa p + q = 1 p 2 + 2pq + q 2 = 1](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697c0281a28abf838cd6991/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: Chap 23 Evolution of Populations Genotype p2p2 AA 2pqAa q2q2 aa Phenotype Dominantp 2 + 2pq Recessiveq2q2 Gene pA qa p + q = 1 p 2 + 2pq + q 2 = 1](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697c0281a28abf838cd6991/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Secondary Sex characteristics may not be seem adaptive - but it does make the individuals more FIT.
Darwinian fitness
Secondary Sex characteristics may not be seem adaptive - but it does make the individuals more FIT.
Darwinian fitness
![Page 27: Chap 23 Evolution of Populations Genotype p2p2 AA 2pqAa q2q2 aa Phenotype Dominantp 2 + 2pq Recessiveq2q2 Gene pA qa p + q = 1 p 2 + 2pq + q 2 = 1](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697c0281a28abf838cd6991/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Sexual Dimorphism
![Page 28: Chap 23 Evolution of Populations Genotype p2p2 AA 2pqAa q2q2 aa Phenotype Dominantp 2 + 2pq Recessiveq2q2 Gene pA qa p + q = 1 p 2 + 2pq + q 2 = 1](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697c0281a28abf838cd6991/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/sex/guppy/ed_pop.html