chap-27 next generation ipv6

8/9/2019 Chap-27 Next Generation IPv6

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TCP/IP Protocol Suite 1

Chapter 27Chapter 27

Upon completion you will be able to:

Next Generation:Next Generation:

IPv6 and ICMPv6IPv6 and ICMPv6

Understand the shortcomings of IPv4

Know the IPv6 address format, address types, and abbreviations

Be familiar with the IPv6 header format

Know the extension header types

Know the differences between ICMPv4 and ICMPv6

Know the strategies for transitioning from IPv4 to IPv6

Objectives


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27.1 IPv6

IPv6 has these advantages over IPv4:IPv6 has these advantages over IPv4:

1.1. larger address spacelarger address space

2.2. better header formatbetter header format

3.3. new optionsnew options

4.4. allowance for extensionallowance for extension

5.5. support for resource allocationsupport for resource allocation6.6. support for more securitysupport for more security

The topics discussed in this section include:The topics discussed in this section include:

IPv6 AddressesIPv6 Addresses

Address Space AssignmentAddress Space Assignment

Packet FormatPacket Format

Comparison between IPv4 and IPv6Comparison between IPv4 and IPv6


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Figure 27.1 IPv6 address


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Figure 27.2 Abbreviated address


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Figure 27.3 Abbreviated address with consecutive zeros


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Figure 27.4 CIDR address


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Figure 27.5 Address structure


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Table 27.1Table 27.1 Type prefixes for IPv6 addressesType prefixes for IPv6 addresses


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Figure 27.6 Provider-based address


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TCP/IP Protocol Suite10

Figure 27.7 Address hierarchy


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Figure 27.8 Unspecified address


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Figure 27.9 Loopback address


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Figure 27.10 Compatible address


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Figure 27.11 Mapped address


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Figure 27.12 Link local address


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Figure 27.13 Site local address


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Figure 27.14 Multicast address


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Figure 27.15 IPv6 datagram


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Figure 27.16 Format of an IPv6 datagram


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Table 27.2Table 27.2 Next header codesNext header codes


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Table 27.3Table 27.3 Priorities for congestionPriorities for congestion--controlledcontrolled

traffictraffic


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Table 27.4Table 27.4 Priorities for noncongestionPriorities for noncongestion--controlledcontrolled

traffictraffic


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Table 27.5Table 27.5 Comparison between IPv4 and IPv6 packet headerComparison between IPv4 and IPv6 packet header


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Figure 27.17 Extension header format


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Figure 27.18 Extension header types


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Figure 27.19 Hop-by-hop option header format


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Figure 27.20 The format of options in a hop-by-hop option header


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Figure 27.21 Pad1


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Figure 27.22 PadN


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Figure 27.23 Jumbo payload


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Figure 27.24 Source routing


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Figure 27.25 Source routing example


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Figure 27.26 Fragmentation


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Figure 27.27 Authentication


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Figure 27.28 Calculation of authentication data


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Figure 27.29 Encrypted security payload


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Figure 27.30 Transport mode encryption


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Figure 27.31 Tunnel-mode encryption


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Table 27.6Table 27.6 Comparison between IPv4 options and IPv6 extensionComparison between IPv4 options and IPv6 extension

headersheaders


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27.2 ICMPv6

ICMPvICMPv66,, whilewhile similarsimilar inin strategystrategy toto ICMPvICMPv44,, hashas changeschanges thatthat makesmakes itit

moremore suitablesuitable forfor IPvIPv66.. ICMPvICMPv66 hashas absorbedabsorbed somesome protocolsprotocols thatthat werewere

independentindependent inin versionversion 44..


Error ReportingError Reporting

QueryQuery


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Figure 27.32 Comparison of network layers in version 4 and version 6


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Figure 27.33 Categories of ICMPv6 messages


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Figure 27.34 General format of ICMP messages


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Figure 27.35 Error-reporting messages


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Table 27.7Table 27.7 Comparison of errorComparison of error--reporting messages in ICMPv4reporting messages in ICMPv4

and ICMPv6and ICMPv6


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Figure 27.36 Destination-unreachable message format


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Figure 27.37 Packet-too-big message format


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Figure 27.38 Time-exceeded message format


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Figure 27.39 Parameter-problem message format


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Figure 27.40 Redirection message format


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Figure 27.41 Query messages


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Table 27.8Table 27.8 Comparison of query messages in ICMPv4Comparison of query messages in ICMPv4

and ICMPv6and ICMPv6


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Figure 27.42 Echo request and reply messages


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Figure 27.43 Router-solicitation and advertisement message formats


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Figure 27.44 Neighbor-solicitation and advertisement message formats


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Figure 27.45 Group-membership messages


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Figure 27.46 Group-membership message formats


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Figure 27.47 Four situations of group-membership operation


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27.3 TRANSITION FROM IPv4

TO IPv6

ThreeThree strategiesstrategies havehave beenbeen deviseddevised byby thethe I ETFIETF toto provideprovide forfor aa smoothsmooth

transitiontransition fromfrom IPvIPv44 toto IPvIPv66..


Dual StackDual Stack

TunnelingTunnelingHeader TranslationHeader Translation


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Figure 27.48 Three transition strategies


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Figure 27.49 Dual stack


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Figure 27.50 Automatic tunneling


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Figure 27.51 Configured tunneling


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Figure 27.52 Header translation


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Table 27.9Table 27.9 Header translationHeader translation

chap-27 next generation ipv6

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