CHAPrERTWO

STATE EXECUTIVE BRANCH

THE GOVERNORS, 1984-85

By Thad L. Beyl.

Throughout the 1980s, the importance of the atates and their elected leaders has grown, especially as the federal government haa sought to reduce ita involvement in and responsibility for domestic programs and is­sues. This trend has helped push the gover­norship ever more into the leading position in the state&-if for no other reason than 88

the one state official who mtUt take the lead in sorting out the responsibilities the states will continue to perform and determining at what level of etTort. Further, the governors have continued to become more active in the traditional functions of the states, such 8S education and health.

Gubernatorial Elections Fifteen governorships were up for election

in 1984-85; in seven of these contests the in· cumbent stood for an additional term, with five winning reelection. Both of the defeated incumbents, Allen Olson of North Dakota and John Spellman of Washington, were He­puhlicana who lost the 1984 general elections in their states. Incumbent governors Bill Clinton (D.Arkansaa), Robert Orr (R.Indi. ana), Ted Schwinden (D-Montana), John Sununu (R-New Hampshire), and Thomas Kean (R-New Jersey) all won their attempts to serve an additional term.

Four incumbent governors were constitu­tionally ineligible to seek another term: Pierre duPont (R·Delaware), Chriswpher Bond (R-Mi880uri), James Hunt (D-North Carolina), and Charles Robb (D.Virginia); while four other incumbents opted to retire from office: Joseph Garrahy (D-Rhode Is­land), Scott Mathe&On (D-Utah), Richard Snelling (R. Vermont), and John RockefelJer (D.West Virginia). These eight out-going gov­ernors. five Democrats and three Republi­cans, had served a combined total of 60 years in the governorship, all serving for eight years (except Robb, who served under a one· term constitutional limitation).

There has been s general trend in the 19809 for fewer gubernatorial incumbents to seek reelection: in 1980-81, there were 15 races, and 12 incumbents (80 percent) &Ought reelection; in 1982·83, there were 39 races,

24

and 26 (67 percent) aought reelection; and in 1984-86, there were 15 races and seven (47 percent) aought another term. Preliminary estimates for the 1986 elections. in which 36 seats will be open, indicate that only 50 per­cent of the incumbents will seek reelection, continuing the trend noted. I However, those seeking reelection in the 1980s generally have fared well, with 31 of the 45 (69 per­cent) winning-increasing from a 58 percent win rate (seven of 12) in the first two years, to a 73 percent rate (24 of 33) in the laat four years.

Gubernatorial campaign coets continued to escalate in 1984-85. As shown in Table A, in the 15 races of the biennium, candidstes spent about $65 million aa officially re­ported-led by North Carolins at $13.7 mil­lion and New Jersey at $10.7 million-for an average of $4.3 million per race. There was a significant difference between races for an open seat ($40.5 million for an average $5.1 million) and roces in which the incumbent or a former governor was seeking reelection ($24.5 million for an average of$3.5 million).

Four years earlier, in the 1980-81 elections for governor in these states, the total spent was $49 million. Thua, there haa been an in­crease of$16 million between the two time periods; controlling for inflation, the increase was $1.6 million (i n 1967 dollars) or 8 per· cent, still an indication that the COflt of be­coming governor continue, to rise.

Clearly, the road to the governorship in the 1980s continues to have stops at elected state offices. Of the 15 governors elected in 1984-85, 10 (67 percent) had run successfully in previous atate races and had held a visible state-level office. Of the 10, five previously held JJtatewide office: two moved up from the lieutenant governor's office (Michael Castle. DelawBN! and Madeleine Kunin, Vermont), two from the attorney general's office (John Ashcroft, Missouri and Gerald Baliles, Vir­ginia), and one from previous service as governor (Arch Moore, West Virginia). Two others moved from the state legislature (Nor-

Thad L. Beyle is Proreuor or Political Science at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.

Table A Costa of Gubernatorial Campaigns, 1984-86

s •••• Yur All nndldl\eol Total ........... .....11'72.$49

Arkl n •• o(c) ••••••••••• ",. 0 1.9oIU13 o..laware(d) •••••..••. ",. 0 1.1)57.769 Indian ':.) •••..... "" • U!III.284 MI ....... ri(d) ••••••..... ""

, 7.014.292 Mon •• n •• ) •.••... "" 0 482.113(.)

N~w 1I . ... poloJ...,rcl .. "" , 1,0II'7,l118

N.w J"e ..... ,w ..... "" , 10.125,190

North Caroiln.dl ..... , ... , 13.727.12Stn North nlk::J.hI ..•. • , ... 0 630,00011") Rhod~ '''.nd( ) •...... ",. , 3.475.483

'''' , , ... 0

"" 0 , ... 0

"" • , "

man Bangerter, Utah, and George Sinner North Dakota); two were local government leaders (Edward DiPrete, former mayor of Cranston. Rhode Island, and Booth Gardner, former county executive in Washington); and one was a former congressman (James Mar­tin , North Carolina)_

The importance of previous statewide elec­toral experience in winning t he governor· ship, however, is down somewhat from the 198().81 period when 80 percent had such ex· perience, and the 1982-83 period when 85 percent had come from state offices. The posi. tions from which to lauDch a winni ng guber. nalorial race over lhe six-year period were lieutenant governor (nine of 10, for a 90 per· cent win rate), attorney general (eight of 13, for 62 percent), and former governor (seven of 11, for 64 percent).

Republicans began to show more pari ty in their ability to hold and win gubernatorial seats, as they won Di ne of the 15 races in 1984-85. They captured four governorships previously held by Democrats in North Caro­lina, Rhode Island, Utah, and West Virginia, while continuing their hold on five seats in Delaware, indiana, Missouri, New Hamp­shire, and New Jersey. But Democrats cap­tured three formerly Republican-held spots in North Dakota, Vermont, and Washington,

CoM Winne". voce ~r total

~reentaK~ "ote(b) Winner Ptreent

125.949.011 " " .,1.,10

25

8740592 .. .. 2. 111 6$,111 " " .. ~

2.701.966 " " '" 2.940.503 .. " '" 370.744 " " ,,,

" ' .M

" &.61 3'== .. " 2.l136,176 " ~ 8.1' ..... .. M ' .00

1,401.1181 " " 8.&1

while continuing to hold onto seats in Arkan­sas, Montana, and Virginia. The net of this electoral activity is that Democrat governors stiU hold more than a two-to-one ratio(34-16) of the governorships as of January 1986.

Investigations In 1985, two gubernatorial incumbents

were the focus of investigations in their states_ In February 1985, a grand jury in­dicted Governor Edwin Edwards (D·Louisi· aDa)on 51 countsoffraud and racketeering, in which he was charged with influence ped. dling by steering state hospital permits to companies in which he was alleged to have had a secret interest. He argued the monies received were for legal fees earned while he was out of the governor's office between terms, and that the secrecy was necessary as then-Governor David Treen, a Republican, would have thrown out any application with Edward 's name on it. The first trial ended with a hung~ury; the second is underway at this writing_

On July 1, 1985. an Alaskan grand jury is­sued a 69.page report on alleged favoriti sm by Governor Bill Sheffield (D-Alaska) in the signing ofa $9.1 million, 100year lease by the slate, in which one of his major political sup­porters was the benefi ciary. The allegation

was that the governor personally changed the specifications necessary for the leasing of a building by the state so that only one building fit-that owned by his 1982 cam­paign fund raiser. The grand jury did not issue any indictments in its report, but recommended the state legislature call a special session to consider impeaching the governor for actions which thejury felt were "a hairbreadth above the criminal level. .. 3

Aft.er a highly publicized set of hearings, the Republican-dominated Senate refused to im­peach the governor, and the process stopped.

Gubernatorial Impeachment The Sheffield situation marked the first

serious threat of impeachment since the late 19308 when Governor Richard Leche ofLoui­siana was threatened with impeachment and resigned. While counts vary, there appear to have been 15 gubernatorial impeachments and seven convictions across the 50 states.~

Threats of gubernatorial impeachment are more than events concerning the activities of individual governors. They are constitu· tional crises which pit one branch of state government against another-the legislative versus the executive. Moreover, these crises oft.en broaden to the judicial branch which must reluctantly take sides with one of the other branches-usually the legislative-to settle legal and constitutional questions (even though the very involvement by the courts has itself raised legal questions under the separation of powers clause ofm08t state constitutions).

Among the questions the courts have had to address are whether a state legislature can call it.selfinto special session for the purpose of impeaching the governor (23 states can do so), and whether a legislature, once called in­to special session by the governor with a spe­cific agenda to address, can go beyond the call to include the consideration of impeach­ment. Moreover, the courts have had to ad· dress the question of what exactly an "im· peachable offense" is: Do the actions in· volved have to be criminal or can governors be impeached for non.criminal acts?

All state constitutions, except Oregon's. provide for the impeachment of elected offi­cials. (For more information, see Table 2.8.) In Oregon, elected officials are tried in the same manner as criminal offenders. Im­peachment proceedings are initiated in the lower houses of 47 states, the unicameral

26

legislature in Nebraska, and the upper house in Alaska. Ten states require a two·thirds vote to impeach, as is suggested in the Model State Constitution, developed by the Na­tional Municipal League/' 17 require a ma­jority, and 22 have no provision for the vote to impeach.

Impeachment trials are held in the upper houses in 45 states, the lower house in Alas· ka, a court of impeachment in Nebraska, a special commission elected by the Senate in Missouri (for impeachment of a governor or Supreme Court member), and the Senate and judges of the Court of Appeals (court of last resort) in New York. Most state constitutions require an extraordinary majority vote to convict an official: 29 requ.ire a two-thirds vote of the members, and 15 require a two­thirds vote of those members present and voting. In Missouri, a five-sevenths vote of the court of special commission is necessary to convict, and in Nebraska, a two-thirds vote of the court of impeachment. Alabama, Mas­sachusetts. and New Hampshire do not spe­cify the number of votes necessary for con· viction.

Although the provisions and procedures for impeachment are in place in the states, they are seldom used. Since the American Revolu­tion, 2,096 governors have served in the states; only 15 (0.7 percent) were impeached, and seven (0.3 percent) were convicted. Im­peachment is more of an unlikely threat than a reality.

Gubernatorial Powers Gubernatorial succession

This question still remains a political issue in some states. In 1984. Arkansas voters adopted a constitutional initiative replacing the two-year, unlimited terms provision with four-year terms for the governor and other elected executive branch officials. Governor William Allain of Mississippi, in his 1985 message to the legislature, called for a study of the slate constitution and gubernatorial succession.

In 1984, New Hampshire voters rejected a constitutional amendment that would have provided the governor with a four-year term limited to two consecutive terms, instead of the current two-year unlimited terms provi­sion. The electorate did, however, adopt an amendment which provides for the filling of the governor's seat in the event of a vacancy or incapacity. In the same year, Connecticut

voters adopted a constitutional amendment to establish procedures for declaring the gov· ernor unable to hold office. The 1985 North Carolina General Assembly has placed a con· stitutional amendment on the 1986 ballot that, beginning in 1992, would prevent the governor and lieutenant governor from seek · ing t wo consecut ive terms-a r ight that was just obtained in a 1977 constitutional amend· ment.

In a unique transition squabble, the de· feated governor of North Dakota refused to leave offi ce until January 5, 1985-exactly four years from the day he took office. The newly·elected governor sought to take office on January 1, but was thwarted in his at­tempt. Although previous governors had taken office on the first day of the legislative session (which would have been January 8 in 1985), t he state Supreme Court ruled with the new governor. The real issues in the tran· sition, however, centered on which governor would a ppoint two Supreme Court justices, as well as the need for a hiring freeze, and bonuses for state employees.6

F inally, in 1984, Georgia voters adopted a constitutional amendment ban ning retire· ment benefits for governors based on invol· untary separation from office; that action stemmed from a 1983 case in which the out· going governor filed for retirement benefits arguing that he was invol untarily separated from office by the constitutional provision restricting a governor to two consecutive terms. He later removed his request because of the political reaction it received.

Gubernatorial ueta In North Carolina- the only state that does

nat provide the governor with veto power­the 1985 General Assembly again refused to honor the governor's request that a constitu· tional a mendment granting veto power be added to the 1986 general election ballot.

Gubernatorial vetoes were a lso the subject matter of two court actions in 1984: t he Ken· tucky Supreme Court ruled t hat t he state budget must be passed by t he legislature as a bill rather than as a joint resolution im· mune to the line item veto of the governor; and t he New Jersey Supreme Court ruled in favor of the governor's use of veto power to reduce or eliminate items in the budget passed during the 1984 legislative session.

27

Gubernatorial appointments In 1984 , Wyoming voters rejected a consti·

tutional a mendment that would have al· lowed the governor to remove officers he or she a ppoints, unless otherwise provided by law.

Other activity in the appointments area concerned gubernatorial. legislative rela· tions, which will be discussed later in this analys is.

Governo rs a nd Lieutenant Governors In 1984-85, there were few indications of

the problems that 80 often characterized the relationship between these two state officials in the past. Instead, during th is period, there were more positive trends apparent in the lieutenant governorship in the states.

First, was t he increasing polit ical impor· tance of t he office, at least from an electoral standpoint ; as noted earl ier, n ine of 10 lie u· tenant governors who sought the governor · sh.ip won their races. Moreover, Massachu· setts Lieutenant Governor John Kerry stepped directly from the office into a U.S. Senate seat in the 1984 elections. In some states, however, there were indications that the office still sufTers from a lack of promi· nence and substance. In 1984, New York Lieutenant Governor Alfred Del Bello reo signed from t he office to pursue a career in private industry.

Nevertheless, several occupants of the lieu· tenant governor's offi ce continued to become more active in policy questions facing t heir states. In 1984, the Iowa incumbent spon· sored a major two-day conference-" Iowa and the Future" -in an attempt to take the lead in state planni ng. In 1985, h.is counterpart in Kentucky also formed and chaired a con· ference-"Kentucky Tomorrow; The Com· mission on Kentucky's Future." In 1985, leg. islat ion provided for a " main street pro· gram" in the New Mexico lieutenant gover· nor 's office-a program designed to assist in the revitalization of central business districts through the preservation of histor ic and unique architectural structures and ec0-

nomic development. And the governor of Minnesota sent h.is lieutenant on a series of trade missions to Sweden and Egypt.

The question of whether t he office of lieu· tenant governor is executive or legislative in nature continued to receive attention during

the biennium. In his 1985 address to the leg­islature, the governor of Oklahoma called for the team election of the governor and lieuten­ant governor. In November 1986, voters in South Dakota will have the opportunity to consider a constitutional amendment remov­ing the lieutenant governor as the presiding officer ofilie senate, and requiring the gover­nor to assign executive duties to the occu­pant.

However, these few efforts were offset by other actions during 1984-85. In 1984, Texas voters approved a constitutional amendment authorizing the state Senate to fill a vacancy in the office of lieutenant governor. Events in 1985 pointed to the inability of governors to fill tbe office when the lieutenant gover­nor dies (as in Ohio) or resigns (as in New York) and the majority leader of the Senate (a member of the opposite party) becomes the next in line of succession to the iovernorship. The governor of Massachusetts faced a sim· ilar problem when his lieutenant governor moved on to the U.s. Senate, thereby placing the aeparateiy-elected secretary of state next in line of succession.

Governors and the State Legislatures Despite an underlyini need for the state's

chief executive and the legislature to work in harmony, particularly when eetting policy and budgetary priorities in the states, the relationship between these political actors continued to show evidence of stress during the biennium.

Politics ond powenpliu Partisan politica are always afoot in the re­

lationship between governon and state legis­latures. The most obvious problem occurs when the governor is a member of one party and the opposing party controls one or both houses of the legislature. Political power is shared, with neither party completely con­trolling both branches (or in some states, even controlling both houses of the legisla· ture).

Power sharing is becoming more of a fact of life in the states, with more than half fac­ing this situation during the 19808. As of January 1986, 28 states were divided, with 16 Democrat and 12 Republican governors facing legislatures partially or totally domi· nated by the opposition party. The result can be healthy-forcing compromise and work· able legislation-or disastrous, with con-

tinual stalemate and partisan bickering.' The trend is indicative of the effect of split ticket voting in the states, as well as the con· tinual decline in the strength of political par­ties.

Separalion of powers Conflicts over constitutionally-based sepa­

ration of powers iaeue8 continued to mark relations between the iOvernors and legisla­tures. J4 the governors have grown stronger, SO too have the legislatures_ However, these reforID8 and changes have done little to reduce the natural executive-legislative con­flict built into state constitutions; in fact, they may have heightened the strain as the two branches have continued to vie for power-each one with more weapons at its disposal .

The principal of separation of powers is ex­pressly contained in the constitutions of 38 stat.e8. Twenty.nine include some exceptions to a strict interpretation principal. Only 12 constitutions do not include any separation of powers provisions.s Hence, conflicts over the "turf' type of issue are oft.en left to the state courts to decide.

Leguialive veto The leiislative veto is a procedure legis·

latures have adopted to permit them to review proposed executive branch regula· tions or actions, and then block or modify those with which they disagree. After a series of national· and state-level court cases which consistently ruled against legislatures exercising this power based on the constitu­tional separation of powers concept, several state legislatures tried other means to achieve the same goaL g

In 1984, Iowa voters approved a constitu· tional amendment allowing the legislature to void state agency rules via a joint resolu­tion; and legislation enacted in Virginia calls for executive and legislative review of regu­lations replacing the legislative veto. In response to the Kansas Supreme Court's voiding of the legislative veto, legislation was adopted in 1985 to allow the legislature to exprese concern over rules or regulationa and to ask that rules be amended or revoked via the adoption of concurrent resolutions.

Taking another route entirely, the 1985 North Carolina General Assembly rewrote the Administrative Procedures Act to re­strain the rule-making authority of state

agencies, and set up an Office of Adminis· trative Hearings with administrative law judges to settle disputes between state agen· cies and citizens. This office was to be actio vated upon the approval of the state's Suo preme Court, but t he Court refused to give an advisory opinion with no actual case or controversy involved, and did not want to take a step placing itself "directly in the stream of the legislative process."

This non·action by the Court raised a legal cloud over implementing the act, and placed into limbo the proposed eight-person Admin· istrative Rules Review Commission to be ap­pointed by the legislature. However, the chief justice did appoint a director, and hear· ings judges were hired. Now, the governor has challenged the constitutionality of the revised act, charging that the regulatory authority of the executive branch has been infringed upon by not authorizing ~ber. natorial appointment of the director. 0

In the 1984 general election, Alaska voters defeated a constitutional amendment permit­ting a legislative veto, and in Michigan, the electorate defeated an amendment that would have allowed a joint legislative com· mittee to review agency rules prior to adop· t ion. In 1985, New Jersey voters refused to affirm legislative veto power for their legis· lature.

Appointments A related area of conflict between the exec·

utive and legislative branches involves ap­pointments to office, and particularly the role of the legislature in this process. Legislatures have the constitutional authority to confirm gubernatorial appointments, and in some states, have the constitutional or statutory authority to make appointments to executive branch boards and commissions-sometimes even appointing legislators to those posi. tions. In 1983, four states strictly banned legislators from being appointed to boards and commissions, and 11 01 hers allowed them to serve only if the body was advisory in nature. More importantly, however, 20 states permitted legislators to sit on boards and commissions exercising management re­spons ibilities. II

Such actions are viewed as " legislative in· trusion" into the executive branch, and have been successfully challenged in Kentucky, MiSSiSSippi, and North Carolina by both gov­ernors and citizen members of boards. A 1984

29

Mississippi court decision led to major statutory changes in appointment powers, and to a constitutional convention for addi· tional changes. In Pennsylvania, however, the 1984 legislature added four of its memo bers to the State Board of Education.

In 1985, in a more traditional type of dis· pute, Hawaii 's governor and stale Senate argued over what "advice and consent" by the legislature meant. The governor had nominated the acting attorney general to become pttorney general, but the Senate Judiciary Committee, after holding four hearings, refused to report out the name. When the governor kept the nominee, Senate leaders argued the action was improper as the individual had been " rejected" by that body. The governor countered that the nomi· nee had not been "rejected," since the nomination had not gone before the full chamber. Before the constitutional question of legislative " advice and consent" could be

' decided however, the nominee resigned,!2 Since 1929, under the constitutional exec·

utive budget provision, New York governors have been exercising discretion in authoriz· ing the filling of state positions. More recent­ly, however, the legislature became disen· chanted with the governor 's failure to au· thorize the filling of vacancies (with 1983.appropriat-ed funds) in four state agen, cies. The 1984 appropriations bill specifically provided funds for additional positions, and instructed the budget director to follow a plan that would insure staffing levels were achieved, and to periodically report to the legislature's fiscal committees,!

The budgetary process Considerable executive-legislative stress

still exists in the budget process and in deter· mining the role each branch should play in the development and implementation of the budget. The conflicts have been over who controls the creation and implementation of the budget, and the desire of the legislatures to gain more control over federal grant monies coming into the state. The trend duro ing 1984·85, albeit slight, has been in t he governors' favor.

In a major shift increasing gubernatorial budgetary power in Mississippi, 1984 legisla· tion moved the budget initiative authority from the Commission of Budget and Account­ing to the governor's office, which is to sub­mit the budget to the Legislative Budget Of·

fice. Once adopted, a new Fiacal Manage­ment Board, consisting of the governor and two of his appointees will oversee daily budget operations. The former Board of Budget and Control was a mixed executive­legislative body consisting of the governor, president of the Senate, chairman of the Senate Finance Committee, and the chair­man of the House Ways and Means Commit­....

During the biennium, two other states also made changes in their budgetary processes. In 1984, Virginia voters adopted a constitu­tional amendment requiring a balanced bud­get, and Alabama voters approved a "budget isolation" amendment, which ties the pas­sage of other legislation to the appropriations bill. The amendment requires a three·fifths vote for any legislation passed prior to the approval of the major appropriations mea­sures-education and the general fund.

Also in 1984, Arizona voters rejected a con­stitutional amendment that would have pro­vided for legislative control over federal monies received by executive branch agen­cies.

Executive-legislative budget problems of another sort were reported in North Carolina where the governor lacks the "policing power" of a veto. Recently, there has been an increase in the state legislature's use of special provisions in the budget bill which go beyond the normal instructions to the ex­ecutive branch on how monies are to be spent. The provisions have been used to amend, repeal, and change laws outside the budget act; to establish new programs or alter powers and duties of existing agency programs; to establish new executive branch boards, commissions, and councils, or alter the powers of existing boards; to change pro­gram eligibility requirements; and to change funding formulas and tax laws. In the 1981 regular session, there were 36 special provi­sions; in the 1985 seasion, 118-an increase of 328 percent in four years. H

ugilllati~ sessions New Hampshire voters rejected a 1984 con­

stitutional amendment that would have eliminated the power of the governor and the Executive Council to extend a legislative re­cess without the legislature'S consent_

Notea L Rhodes Cook, et aJ.. "The 1986 Governors'

Elections: De5pile History, Opportunity Knockl ror GOP," CongrtuionaJ Quart~ly WNkly Rtport44:1 (January 4, 1986): 3.

2. Since the 19208, six governors, including Ed· wards, have been indicted while in office: Warren T, McCray (Indiana, 1924) and Marvin Mandel (Maryland, 1977) were oonvicted; Arch Moore (Weill Virginia,I975)and William LangerCNorth Dakota, 1934) .... -ere round not guilty, and later .uc­eessfully toughl reelection; and Edward L. Jacmn (Indiana, 1928) never came to trial. See "Indict.­ment of Governors in Office, Historical," State Policy Rtport, 3:6 (March 1985): 29,

3. Bruce Scandling, "Alaska Impeachment Hear­ing Delayed," USA Today (July 15, 1985): 3A.

4. ThOle governors convicted and removed were: William Holden (North Carolina, 1870); David Butler (Nebr8llka, 1871); Adelbert Arne. (Miuia­sippi, 1876); William Sulzer (New York, 1918); James Walton (Oklahoma, 1923); Henry Johnston (Oklahoma, 1929); and James FergullOn (Texa.), who resigned a day before hia conviction in 1917. Another governor'. term ended berore the im­peachment trial took place (Henry Clay Warmoth, Loui.iana, 1872), and two other incumbenLl re­signed under the threat of impeachment (Ames of Miuisaippi and Leche or Louisiana).

Silt other governors were impeached, but won ac­quittal in their trials: Charlet! Robinson (KanllU, 1862); HarrillOn Reed (Florida, 1868 and 1873): Powell Clayton (Arkan888, 18711; Johnston (Okla­homa, 1928) who was later impeached and re­moved from office; Huey Long (Louisiana, 1929); and Henry Horton (Tennessee, 1931 ).

For an analyais or gubernatorial impeachment, see Thad L_ 8eyle, "1985: It WH8 A Great Year for Governor Watchers," unpublished mIJ., Depart.­ment of Political Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel HilL

5. Thad L. Beyls, State GowrnmenL· CQ', Gu.we /l) Cu.rrent/nut, ond Actjujt~1, 198$-86 (Wash­ington, D.C.: Congreaaional Quarterly Prete, Inc., 1985): 197.

6. Theodore Pedeliski, "North Dakota '. Gubernatorial Transition 1984-85: Battling It Out in the Budgetary Badlands," unpublished m •. , Department of Political Science, Univeuily of North Dakota.

7. Sharon Sherman, "Powersplit: When Leriala­ture. and Governou Are of Opposing Partiea," Stau ~6~loturt. 10:5 (May/June 1984): 9-12.

8. Jody George and Lacy Maddox, "Separation or Powers Provi.iona in State Constitutiona," in Boord .. Commj"ionl, ond Council. in the execu­tiw Branch of North Carolino Stote Gowrnmrnt (Raleigh: North Carolina Center for Publk Policy Research, 1984): 51.

9. The U.s. CongreS!l lost the power in Immi· gmtion and Naturalirotion &ruicr 11. Jadi"h Rai Chondho (1983): state legislatures in Alaska, Con· necticut, Kansas, Kentucky, Montana, New Hamp­shire, and West Virginia lost the power between 1982 and 1984.

10. "Executive and Legislative Power," Stote l'aliry Reports 4:2 (January 29, 1986): 28. See a lso, Rob Christensen, "Martin Plans to Challenge Law on Rule~," The(Raleigh, N.C') Newil olld Ob8erver (March 18, 1986): 1A; 9A.

II . "Legislators Serving on Boards and Commis-

31

sions." Stale Legilliative Rf'porl (Denver: National Conference of State Legislatures, 1983).

12. Anne F. Lee, " Hawsii Legislative Report: 1985 Session," Comparotive Slate Politin New,fet· ler (October 1985): 15.

13. Joseph F. Zi mmerman, " New York Legisla· ture Mandates the fo'il1 ing of Vacancies," Compa. rative Stole Politic. Newdetter (June 1985): 7·8.

14. Ran Coble, "Specia l Provisions in Budget Bills: A Pandora's Box for North Carolina's Citi· zens," (Raleigh: North Carolina Center for Public Policy Re!ICarch, 19861.

Table 2.1 THE GOVERNORS

1986 -.. "." ...... ~ <if..:;',:: /AIta,1t <if No ... ,,,.- 0_ ",- " ... .., ,- ... ... ~ ~. ~ .. , -, ,...... "- - ...... 6UI • • -- --... ,..., "" ..... _ ... - ,., ... ,/001 101 .. - ,., ... .-

.u..-............ ~''''''(D) • ". "" "" , .. '" 1IlS1l' ~

~ .............. iii (0) • "'" ", .. , ,- co .".". WO>. ""-............. -.- IoMIkt (0) • "" "" I(e) .,

" .''''~ CoW. .-...- ........... BiD a... (0) •. , "" "" '" OJ .. co 111"* N' . c.II' .............. Gooq,r o...t.rjuo fa) • "" ,m .. CO U"'" I'I. Y.

c-.- ........... aldawd D. La-. (D) • ,m ,m , ,- I.e U"" v • . ~ ......... W ... II.. O'Mtil (D) • ", .. 'm '" ,- co IlIIIJO c... DotewIft ........... MidaMI N. 0Nllt (a) • "" " .. "" .. co """ Dd. I"1IMWo ............. ... aru..(D) • "" 'm , ,- CO 11191)6 ~ GoetPo .. ....... . ... Joo ,. .... HaTit (D) • "" ,m ,

'" I.G ""'M Go.

H_ .. .. .... .... . o-.. a. ~(D) • "m 'VN W, '"' ,- co 1/ 111716 H .... taM .............. Jolla Y. E .... {DJ • 'm "" '., '" CO IIIIm , ... 1_ . .. . .......... J_ a. "Tbom_ (a) • ,m 1111 ~, ,- co "")6 '". 1_ ... ... .. ..... aobon D. 0.. (I) • 1111 " .. ,

'" CO ll/ n , n 'M. 1owI ............... T"""'--"{R) • "" ,m '" co 11 / 17/ * ,-"- .. .... .. ..... Joluo caru (0) • ,m 'm , ,- c. IIJ / oIO ~. ~ ........... MM!..U ~ CoIIiooo (0) • ,v. ,,,., ,., '" co IlI"l/ )6 ". .-..... ...... £dwIa W. Eotw.do (0) • ,m ,~ ""

, '" '" ",m ~.

MoiIoo .............. J-..II£'_(O) • ,m "" , , .. " IIIV .. H ... 101..,- ..... ...... H....,.Il. H ..... (OJ • ,m ,m , , ,- '" 1I/1~ ....

101_'_Il10 ....... Nidood S. DuUkb (OJ • ,m ,m 1(0) ,- co 11 / 1/ ]) ..... ........... ........... J ..... J. a-.i(O) • '''' ,m ,- co W" ..... - .......... a~ r..pidI (DFL) • 'UM ,m 0' ,- I.G ""'" H ... ~ .......... Wi A . ....... {DI • '''' ,~ "" '" co V'~ ..... - ............ J.~{R) • '''' ,m "" '" co ,m" .... N_ ............ T .. ~(D) • I ' ll " .. ,. co IIJ IIU ..... NftndI< . .... . ...... a .... ~(D) • ". ,m , ,- 0.0 omm ..... - ... .......... aklllld H. IIryuo (0) • '''' 'm ,

'" co 6116117 O.C. NtwH ........... ..... JoIwI 1'1. Sa .... u (a) ,

'''' ,m ,. " """ """ Ntw1....,- .. ........ n.o.u. H. ICeaa (a) • "" '''' '" " 4121115 I'I.Y.

Ntw MGk. ....••••• Tono,A"'~ • '''' 'm '0' ,- '" ."'''' 1'1.101. NowY .... ... ....... 101_101. (0) • "" ". ,- I.e 611S/12 N.Y. Noon. c-.- ...... J ..... O . M.nho (I ) • 'm " .. "" '" '" 11111/ :16 0.. Noon. DH«o ....... 0-.. A . so- (0) • ". " .. ,- 0.0 ,""" N.D. c- ............... RkMrd F. CdcsI. (0) • '''' "" ,- '" II / 11n7 ....

u. .. .. Ii s .... ,.j ::;H: <Ii ~j..;..; :>i6,,-:u :i~I-:5! o ..... ... <0 ......

~~~:::e • ~e~~i

~ "~§ •• i~S~ ;:; "'::: Oi ~CI ~ _ Oi ~ 2~~~~ OiS-~~ S~::: CI::: ;ii ~ ;::: ;:::::: "' ... ..,-.,. ;::: ;a.;a._ __ ... _ t-

hll ~ 2-g~ggg giggg gg~g~ ggg~ g

11 · 1 h1h~ :l~:!!:H :!!H:!!:l :H:i~:i :!!~:!!:i:!! "1- , ~"O-

••

33

Table 2.2 THE GOVERNORS, QUALIFICATIONS FOR OFFICE

A_ ........... . " ...... ............. . "n.o. ..... .. "''''''- ......... .. Cali' ........ ..

C-.M ......... .. C-*- ....... .. ........ ........... IleoWo ............ . Goo<JIo ............ .

11 ... ·011 •• I ...... ........ .. .................... 1_ ............ . '-" ............. .. K.._ ........... .. " ..... do, ......... .. IAOOWO .. .......... . ..... .... ..,_ ......... .. .... _to ..... .. .... ldoIpollo) ....... .. .- . MkoIooIHI ........ .. 104-.<1 ........... .

III-..o(d ........ . 1'0 ........ .......... . Nco ... ............ . 1'0 .. 11__.. ... .. S .. ,.....,. ........ ..

N ........ .. N ... Yon: ......... . S .... ew.Iooo •••••• S .... o.uu ..... .. 0I0I04'') ............ .

ou.a.... ........ .. 0..-- ........... .. , ..... ,m ... .. . . . 1I. .... I""""'Id ..... . S-.~ .... ..

s-Jo 1)0,1,_ ...... . T_ .......... . h ................ .. U .... ............. .. \.-- .......... .. \"I." ............... . w..w..- ........ . w .. v...- ..... .. ~ ............... . w, ....... ... .. ,,_.s._ ... . c ... ............. . S •. M..- I ...... . ............ ......... ''lrJIo.- .......

•

• ,

• , ,

.,.

'""""" TlIio taN< iodIodot ......... 106aI __ ......,. qgalitlal\olll .

• ~1;"1MI PfO"ioIoA: . ..... beI of Jfti" ...... opoc/f'oed • • . • _No ro ...... prooi ..... .

(I) 0- ~. Bo.d <if ~pwv~ <if £l«/lolu 1-U Md. '''. D IA.J6U1 (1966)-opIaIoa .-ion<! ......... ella U.s.~-. b7 ---ny .• ~ f .. off .... .

(b) A __ >i<tod of r-, ... brradI of public e .... 10 _ .w.I.

U.S. rldVII .... " , " • , •

• • • , •

• , " ("'

• M

" • ,

• • , •

• • • •

• •

• • • • • . m ,

• ..,. , , , , " , , , , , , , , , i ,

"

.. ,. , •

• . ,. , , , , ,

• • •

• •

•

•

•

•

• • •

" •

•

• • • •

• •

Table 2.3 THE GOVERNORS: COMPENSATION

Go........,..·. ActVOf '" JI.tr ,,_1. #011 ... ~ 'If~ ,- ,?fl/::::. Ollw< iwudK1_ ,.., .",. AWI~ • .,.M Hd,"""" ""-A_"' • ... $6Un ~ • • OJ • ,_. ............... lUll " • ,,, • A,b .... ............. 62.}00 " • • " J Ar~ ..... ....... . ... . J' .OOO .. • ,., • CoIl fo.."l • •••••••••••. 49.100 Il l.) • (OJ '" c.Io>rooto ••. ~.~ C • • \OJ • C-*-t ........... 6' .000 ~ • "' \OJ • 1_ ..... ............. ~.~ U • • II.jOO(d) • ,_ ..... 18.1'1 JS(tI) • • "' c-p, ... 19. ) " .. • • OJ • .. u.n .... ' 9 . .00 " • 4$.OOOld) Ido"" ~.~ IS/i) • • ., • lliiaoh ••••••••••••.•. n.ooo ,~ • • 11l.;I(lO(d) • 10011 .... M.9IIS " • • • , • 1_0 . ................ M.~ " • • ., • ,- •. ~ " • • ., • 1WtM .... , •.•••.•. 61 .200 " • • • ,,' • 1--............. n . .oo ~ • • • n .OIXI(d) • 101.1 ... ........... J,.OOO " • • ,., 101 .0") ' .... . 71.000 10901 • • • ,., • M ..... .. ~ .. ......... TS.OOO '00 • • • \OJ Mkk"" ••••••••••. ".100 .. • • • (OJ • 1011._ •. ... '" U • • ,., • M~ •••••••••••• .. ~ n • • U .OJ1(d) • Mhootorl .... I1.IDI " • • (OJ • ""' ........ ............. XI." l 2'-1" • • ',J • s_ • .. ~.~ .. • • • " J • s .. · ... ............. .... " (0' • s ... Ih .. p. hl .. . ..... " • ,., " I k) 1'1' .... J .... ~ ••••••••. " .OOO ~ • • '"

· I t )

1'1' ... M <;<Q •••••••••• ~.OOO .. • • (0' • s ... v.n ....... 1110.000 !16 • • ., S ..... kC_ ........ 911.196 ... • • • I I.SOD • S ..... k 1h1 ... ... ~.'" ".2' • ., . I k) -- • • 000 ~ • • ., • 01. ......... ...... 10.12' ~ • • ,., • Orq .. ~ .. 72.000 " • , '" ~ ••• " .. . ftl • •••••••••• n.ooo " • • ',J • IIhod< ,>I."" 49.SOO " • • '.SOOI.d) • (k) So • • k c ........ ~.OOO " • • 11.000

s.".k I)o~"" """", H.110 ~ .. • • .J • 1 ... _ .••.••••••••• U" " • • ,., • r ...... ........ IM.H O ", • • ,,, • 0 .... .............. ~.~ I'.' • • (OJ • \ ............. ............ ~.OOO " \OJ

\· I.lI~io .. 1'.000 n • • • ,,, • W.>hl ....... ..... 63.000 " • • N.A . • W~ \'IrlI ..... ....... n.ooo " • • " J • W""-'l • .••••••••••• 11. ) )1 JJ . , • • 'm) • W, . ..... .... ~.OOO

, • (OJ • A _ .S._ .•••.. ".000 N~. • N .~ • Goo ... ..... ........... ".000 N~. • N.~ • ..... 0 RIn .... ] ' .000 N.A . • • N~. • \"1 .... 1 .... 001, ••••• '2 ,.00 N."'. • N.A. •

35

THE GOVERNORS, COMPENSATION-Continued

37

, •

. ., .. .,

I P~ .: . 8. ~ ~ r ! b " .~ . ~ ~I ""·" :

u :: :'"

., .. ., .

• ...

.. ., .

:: :: .,

. .• ..

. ., ...

,......... ... -:s:-o-

'" .", .. ", :u: :

. . . . ., • ••••

:< :. : : .. ..

.. ... .

'" z o -'" -.. ~ .. z o ;:: ;s

'" ~O .. : .~ :;;-,:'" ~ '" Q

'" o '" .. § >< '" :;1

'" i2 '" z '" '" '" " "

""''''~ ~IID"'I~I"'PO 01 t»fq~$

~"­""1''''1/11'''' ".,. twllt/

1J(J!'lUiSl~I"'ptI

JnM~~I·'S

<J1U<.lj ... !~1>N "".,,,,,,,'QA 1~_I'''P_1f

'WCfSSI"'IM().J/ rNlII"'lM().J .... /I14II_ .. ! '"

"",,1< " "!""'!~ ',f~<pD .,....,;)

.. "',""'" I.,.,A" P"" .... id IIO!I"'I""'''''' ~~""l""'I~

up"~""" C>!/lltod ',u,,"'''p

. ",W/IP "~t:J

. ,

. ,

. ,

..

.,

... .....

e . ~ .. .....

.~ ..

. ~ ..

.,

.,

.. ... ... ... •• ... ...

. ......

. ......

... ......

..... .. . . , os €

. .. " ..

.. .......

... ....

39

, ':; . ;E ..... ...

... ...

"',.~~ "' ---i · .. •• ,

-"-,,"0": . ':' . c:; " • ~ , ,

.... . ..

". . ..

. . .

.. .... ...

,¥ .,

• . . .. ...

. .. ...

~~~~l ! ., , ,

. ~:;~ " ..... ! .. , •

, . , .,

.. ..... .. ...

"" .. .... . .. ...

.... ...... ..

! .. ... .=: .. ... . .. ..

.. .... .. .. .. ... ....

· . E . .. . •

€ •

•

...,,,......, ,(,..,.,,,"". <M"fd UOI'':IM'''''''' .. . ..

.... ..q ""1UU)l

- .... 0

•

."........ "!I'IM _,..",

MWjIp HOI:> •

I .• m ~~

"'-;;/1.1'"

E. · : : :: .. •

· . "C" '5 I: ... :~ . ~

. ~ ... .. •

•

.. : : :

- -z. . ~ .~ · , . '.:i. . •

...

· ..

• ..

! · . 6 .:h i · .... . .

· .... . .. .

· .... . . •

• · .. •

... . ... ..... . ! ........ ... ...... •

"'''''''~i U..,.., ....... " :;0 -"',.. .... -.;

· .... · .

fhif 1i ~$"; h

AI. b ..... Al.,I<0 . • . Ariro ... . A.hn .. . Colilo,nl •.. .. .

C .. I.> ....... .... . C .. n_ titul . . 1)001 ....... 1"I0rid • • . ("...., ...... Ito .... 11 IdoH ..........•. 1111.010 . • . IIMIi .... .. 10 .. · • . •• .

... n .... .. "Uh .. k,-u.ul ... .. ~Iol ... .. . 101.,,1 . ..

M • ....,b ..... .. . M l<hlt·· Min""""," Mi.,J,>lppl • Mi",,~ri

Mon' ... . . ,,,,,", ... k. I'I~·-.d • .... . N ... n.m ........ N ... h • ..,. .

1'1'." Muko . . . /II ... YOI1< • • • • • •• • N .. ". COI .... _ .. i) • . N ..... [)ohl' •.. . 0IIk> • ••• ••

Okl.hU"'. ( ....... ""nn" I .. nl. MhOO. hlood •• S<iu.h C.""in"

So<I lb n . k" .. Ton""'" . Tu .. . U,. h •• . \ ' '''''''01 ..

\ '1. &1.1 •. ""0>11101' ''0 • ""nol \ ·I .. l..t. ""10<" 0<1 • . "", .. ",I.J ...

K.)': o _ Yno . • - No

Table 2.6 STATE CABINET SYSTEMS

.. • ." ;I. itt .g

I j i'Cl ll'Cl i~~ "'·um/)noJ

• n It m ..... WS;~ , .~ ~!~ crztm.t!' """ ! & ~ ~ ~h (i""'"di~1 Fffljut!lIq oj NJ/>in'" ",,"'nor) ~/>i"". """''''''IS ....... "n'. • • ,. Go • .". di"',""n • • • " R..,ul.,ly * 111

• " "" .. kly • • " R'lull.ly

• • • " Ev<l)' Iwo .. · .. k.

• • ~ Gov.". di"" .. iDn • • ,. Gov.", dlsc'''''n • * Ib l .. Gov.". di"" .. ion

• • , Ev.1)' Iwo ..... ~ . • ... _---_ .. _- ----101---··--------··-·-----·----* * II ------_· __ ·_··-·· __ ···----- ----------·-«1---- --·- ----------.-- ---.-

* * Ib) .l6 -.. ---... --. ·_·_--_··_··----1<1·· • • ""..,kly •

• " MonlhIYI') • " "" .. kly

• • • • " Di .ann ... Uy • l ib) M Gov.". di", ... ion ,0

• o fb) " Gov.". di", ... ion

o 0 11 T .. k<: monthly •• ~ Gov.", di", ... ion ., • . • • 0 • • 24th) Ev.1)' I..-o ..... h • '-'-'--"- ... __ . __ .. _-_ .. --.-10.---------_.= --

o • 0 '6 Gov.". di", ... ion

*. II 6"mna~.. • •• n W..,Uy .. -___ •• _ • _____ •• _____ ·_(Ol _________ ••• ______ ·_···_· __ ~ __

--_···_----_·_-----_·_------(·1 .----.. ---. •• • 21 0- or IW"", monlhly

•

• • • •

•

11 Mon'hly 21 eo • .". di", ... lon

. . . * 10 M"",hJy -----"'---------------------• n Gov.". dioe, ,,,.,n II)

• • 10) Go .... dioa",iotr • II W..,kly

• • • . . 20 Go,.", di ..... i"" • ..--.~.-----.--~-.------- ·_---- --1<)-------_·_-_·_---_···_--­

··_·_·_·····_·············_···· __ ····_·--·--1<)·_·· __ ·.-- -----.-----.~.--... ------.-• • " II eov.". /I"" ... "'" . .

. . . •• . . .. II Gov.", di ...... ion(.) (~) ._-_ .. _._---_._._._-_._--_._«)----_ ... _--_._--_._------(II • 26 Monlhiy

* • ~ Monlbry

" 9 Go • .". di","ionl<) • • . • . l6 MOfIlhly . .. -----... -'.-.. --'- · __ ··--·-1<)----·_-_··_-----_·_---_·_-

-------_···_···_···_---------·-1<1----·-- --... - .. -...... ---.-------.-·-C< )· •• .-----.

hal" nor l>c<n formally tInia,",",<I <10>«.1_ tI) Optn oabiroc:, m«Ii"" In ,II< PO": _ ',",'..-. not all 1 • .- OpoR . (h) Five ."b-oabin'" haY< b«tr formed .

(a) E><q>r ~he:n in <><'<1Ili.-, ..... ion. (i) Con"i,",,,," "",vidt!s for • Co.noil "f SUI< m..x up of ..... i •• (bl Wi,h ,he: <O<I",n' of lilt St ..... . CO) No formll o.tO .... ' ysrcm. In IdalrG, 110 .. -,= .... b..,atOnc:I> ha.'.

bn-n lormod. by ........ ,Iw orlkr, ,lit! .hai • ...." r<POIt '0 lilt! JOY"-"'" ... lIt!n M;j.,.,.<d.

I~) SUb..",bi ...... mM rnon'~ly. ,el Mor.ohm"".i,,, k1i" .. ive oc<>Ioru. K.n.ao-bi ..... kly . Tmneo·

_ - .. -«~ Iy .

if) In pr.I<IlC<. lhe: moJ .. a nd "' ...... <10 nor ."rod. bu, .abr .... m«Iinp

41

...,. adm;ni ..... ;,'. ofrocial ..... hic:h mat., pnlic:y rI<ci>l<>n' for ,II< "."

..hile ,II< cabi ........ more in.n ad.-i~ •• pacl.y. 0) Eaoh cabi .... mrmb<T i. ,hair 01 0 • • b-<.bi .... j ... h ... ,. atoDC)') .

Th<s< .ub--<:abl ..... m«I qua" •• ly . (t) In T ... _ .... 0I00<<I ,"".h """'" '_Plion •. (I) St ... Planninl Ad';~ Commi"..,. composed 01 III Ikpa".,. ...

I><.d ... ,,-no I. an inform.l cabi .... . Comm'''''' ........ II di ..... ion of ..... pl.nn'", <oo.di .. ,OI.

Table 2.7 THE GOVERNORS: PROVISIONS AND PROCEDURES ..oR TRANSITION

A_ ......... . A ...... ............. . "n-............ . A r1<_ ••.•••..••. 00II,_ ...... . C __ ......... .. C_ ....... .. Dolo ..... ......... .. """"" ............ . GootJio ··· .. · .. ·· .. . Ib ..... ........... .. , ...... ............ .. 1111 ............. . ....... ............. I .... ... ..

""_ ........... .. knI .... , ........ .. ........... ......... M_ ............. . M..,_ .......... . M_ .. ...... . IoIkWpto .......... . 101-. ......... . 1oI~ ......... . PoI~ •••••••••••.

M ... t. ... . N ......... ......... . "'""_ ...... . N . .. II ......... .... . N ... ' .....,. ••••••••••

No«- M.;Ute ........ . """' y .... ... .. N ... ~c....IIM •..••• N .... DM_ ...... . ow. .............. . ~ ......... . 0..-,.. ............ . '--..-- ....... . _1_ ...... .. s... c..I . ..... .

SoootI. Dolo ... ...... . T_ .......... . T ...... .............. . \/ .... .............. . V..- .... ..

vital .............. . ""-.. , ..... .. ... . . "' .... y ........ ...... . "" ........... . "''1-.. ..... .. ... . A ....... s.- ... . Gu . ............. . N • . M ......... .... . ....,. .... ........ . ' 1tPo 1_

• • • • • • • • • • ' W • • • • • • • • • •

• • • • •

• • • • •

• •

,­I~_· ebW 1010" -

6O:cioOIb, _,(IOO(()

IG.OOOIeI' n ... 49.00010' ".000 • ~ ... ~ ... 4G·.000 10.000

100.000 u....,r ...

10.000 , ... ..... •

'.000.0001<1 N." n." 100.000

'" .10.000(1) '.0001"'1 , ... , ..... ", ,,:ooQ:.) • '" ~= 'OJ", .. ... 10.000101 ., 11',000 ' 2.000 .....

Un..p.;.cirkd "j "",,",""

• • •

• • • • • • • • • •

• • • • • • • •

• • • •

• ' ~ (q)

• •

,.j • • • • • • • . 10 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

• •

• •

• • • • • ","J

• •

• • • •

•

• •

• •

• • •

•

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

• • • • •

• • •

•

• • • • • • •

• • •

•

• •

•

•

• • • •

• •

•

• •

•

•

• • •

• •

~ in '" :: ... z -

lIn 0: .... 2-,.

~~.! ~'H ~'H

t~~ ~]l "

,~

~ .~ ~ .~ , ,

...

9 :::l co ."

jjjjj] . E E E E

;:;;:;;:;;:;

'] :h 's-; .

• • j , a <

.. ' ..... ", . "

co co ss co ." ." "

i!jjH

, jjjjjjjj ~

E" E" z:! E E E E" ... .a ... .I;,o ;:;;:;;:;;:;i ~ E~ E E

;; s;:; • •

.. " .. ". .".

E .H E' , ." :d 'f 'S;:; i;;

i ~ e ... "" .. ,, " ""

, , , , ,

~] 'I H • 1 !. • , ua = • ,

43

... " . . • . .

:SSf ° co co :f " ." ."

JJ . , t jj jj j .1;<>'.1;<>.] • E

E " E " E . E" E~ 6$E ., ... .1; ... .1; ... .... .a ... - ;; ;; '. ~ E::::; E~ .'. • ;; ;; ;;

, , ~ Ed ".iii i

: E E" i E E : E ';i- •. ..;,..;.1; , HE ... ·..;,;i- ·7

~;E E ;;

~ ~ ". "" " """"" """ " "

i:: : . : :Jj . . ,1.

.. .. :1 nUl ,; .. : I ~

H,t T ' := ... = ... - = t· ! -.... 3,. ",,:1.:1.:1. izolz:1.

nlil ••

d rl § II 0'ira.

~~.~ .]> ~ .~!

~ ;;I~ t-n!

••• •

'0

'" '0 . : .... .

cc .!! ..

in.i.E e "el! .... ii ...... ;::;Ee;:::;;::;

;;;;;;

.. ..... .

•

g

[ i , • ,

•

t i

•

:gg

, l.ii ." , .. " , ~

...

. .. ... .. .... .

I;) :<.:10 : ...l ......... • :: : g ~

iIlil iiii, !e1i!~ i!S.i! ;::;;;;e;::;e e;:::; B;::;

s s s s

.. . . . .... ...

<II "'"" .. "''''''''''III "''''''',.""

'.i .. . , , ... 5.5 ·"e . · fE '-si ' ·s;;

~XX%% % XXX XXX.: XXX.:

THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH: ORGANIZATION AND ISSUES

1984-85

By Thad L. Beyle

State Government Organization States tend to be cautious when it comes to

making major revisions in their governmen­tal structures; it is never entirely clear that something new will be better than the status quo or that the structure is the cause of the problems. But when major changes in state organizational configurations do occur, they often occur in several states at approximate· Iy the same time. For example, a major wave of state government reorganizations took place between the mid·1960s and the mid· 1970s-the fourth such wave in t his century. However, in the 19808, there have been no major state government reorganizations.

While many reorganization efforts a re un· dertaken for economy and efficiency pur­poses, evidence that these goals actually are achieved is lacking. In fact, it may be that governmental reorganization is more of a political-rather than an administrative­tool. ! Nevertheless, Oklahoma is consider­ing major reorgan ization into a cabinet sys· tern, following t he recommendations of its governor and the Commission on Reform of State Government, and the governor of Iowa also is proposi ng major reorganization in t hat state.

Partial reorganization During t he biennium, most reorganization

activity in the states was of a partial nature, as has been the pattern over t he past decade. The majo!" reorganization activity was in the area of economic development: Arizona es­tablished a Department of Commerce to re­place the Governor's Office of Economic Plan­ning a nd Development (1985); Idaho and West Virginia each created a Department of Commerce (1 984); Missouri changed the name of its Department of Consumer Affairs to the Department of Economic Development (1984); Rhode Island set up a Small Business Ad vocacy Council (1985); Was hington created a Department of Trade and Economic Development (1985); West Virgin ia set up a Governor's Office of Commerce a nd Indus-

45

trial Development in t he Department of Commerce; and Wyoming created an Eco­nomic Developme nt and Stabilization Board (1985).

Several states took steps to enhance the ex­porting ability of small- and medi um-sized businesses: Ill inois created an Export De­velopment Authority (1983); Minnesota es­tablished an Export Finance Authority in the Department of Agriculture (1983); North Dakota set up an Export Trading Company in conjunction with the Industrial Commis· sion (fu\ly operational in 1985); and Okla­homa created an International Development Division within its Department of Economic Development (1985).

A number of other states established agen­cies and funds designed to provide fi na ncial assistance to economic development efforts: Arkansas created a Finance Development Authority, which may sell tax·exempt bonds for industrial development loans or for cap" ital improvements, and converted a private agency, F irst Arkansas Development Corpo­ration, into the Arkansas Capital Corpora. tion to provide financial assistance to finan ­cial insti t utions and businesses (1985); Ha­waii set up a Capital Loan Revolving F und for small local businesses (1985); Iowa created a new authority to make grants to lending institutions for lower interest rates on operating loans to farmers a nd small busi· nesses (1 985); Nebraska establ ished the In­vestment Finance Authority for making loans to compa nies pla nning to construct of­fice buildings in the state, and a Small Busi­ness Development Authority to provide fi ­nancial a nd techn ical assistance(1984); Ver­mont set up a State Industl"ial Development Fund w make loans available to financially­troubled farmers (1985); and Virgin ia created the Statewide Certified Development Com­pany and a Small Business Financing Act to a ssist small businesses with capital needs,

Thad L. Beyle ill Profe$$Or of Political Science at the University of North Carolina al Chapel Hill.

the Statewide Development Company to use federal Small Business Administration funds to assist small businesses, and a Rural Devel­opment Foundation for economic programs in rural areas (1984)_

In 1984·85,80me states took steps to foster closer ties between economic development ef­forts and higher education: Arkansas took action to provide matching grantA to spur universitylindustry cooperation in research. product development. and production pro­ce88e8 (t 985); Kentucky established the Of­fice of Business and Technology in the Com­mer« Cabinet to expedite the transfer of technology to existing busine88eS (1984); and Virginia created a Center for Innovative Technology to foster the cooperative develop­ment of technology between industry and public institutions of higher education (1984).

Other areas of organizational activity in the states were quite varied.

Adminiatralion: Illinois, by executive order, created the Office of Inspector General "to investigate and/or coordinate the investi­gation. regulation, licensing, and inspection of all persons, matters, and entities subject to reguJation. licensing, and inspection under the laws" of the stat..e(l984); New Hampshire restructured ita Department of Revenue Ad­ministration (1985); New Jersey established a General Services Administration in the De­partment of Treasury (1984); Texas created a real property asset management and inven­tory program under a new Asset Manage­ment Division to review state holdings every four years and make recommendations sub­ject to comment by the state's Purchasing a.nd General Services Commission; and Vir­ginia revamped ita cabinet form of adminis­trative structure, by creating separate secre­taries for administration and finance, and combining the transportation and public safety secretaries (1984).

Education: Indiana created a single II· member State Board of Education by merg­ing the Commission on General Education, the Cornmis6ion on Teacher Training and Li­censing, and the Commission of Textbook Adoptions (1984); Iowa set up a foundation to research educational issues and distribute results to schools and policy makers (1985); North Dakota voters rejected a 1984 statu· tory initiative to require the state Board of Higher Education to give up control over the state's three junior colleges; and South Dakota dropped a controversial plan to con-

vert a branch of the state university into a prison (1984).

Energy: Kansas granted new powers to the entity that regulates the Wolf Creek nuclear power plant (1984); and West Virginia created a Department of Energy to oversee coal, oil, gas exploration, production, and conservation, and a Public Energy Develop­ment Authority to issue bonda for building energy·related facilities (1985).

EnvironmenL' ArUon8 established the Commission on Arizona Environment (1985); California created the Coastal Conservancy to assist in providing public access to beaches in the public domain, and the Tahoe Conser· vancy to acquire environmentally·sensitive lands in that basin (1985); Indiana set up a Natural Heritage Protection Fund (1984); Nebraska established a Water Management Board and a management fund (1984); and New Mexico created a Rangeland Protection Advisory Committee within the Department of Agriculture (1985).

Hazordoua waste: Idaho set up a special planning committee for a statewide survey to identify areas best suited for hazardous waste facilities (1985); Kansas granted the Department ofHeaIth and Environment ad­ditional power to ban the burial of hazardous waste, and created a "superfund" to help fi · nance cleanup efforts (1984); and in Califor­nia, a controversial gubernatorial reorgani· zation plan tocreat.e a Department of Waste Management by consolidating toxic waste control programs in 12 agencies was pending before the legislature at this writing.

HeoUh.: Florida established a statewide databank containing information on medical incidents and claims (1985); Iowa (1985) ex­tended the life of its Health Data Commis­sion; and Wyoming created a health care data authority to collect and report financial and other data (985). Several reorganization measures were related to cost containment in the health area: Florida authorized the state Hospital Cost Containment Board to approve each of the state's hospitals' budgetA annually and to assess fines when the ap­proved budget rates are exceeded (1964); Hawaii declared the Health Planning and Development Agency's principal function to be health care cost containment (1984); Washington legislation continued the Hospital Commission in order to assist the legislature in enacting positive cost contain· ment legislation, although much of impor.

tance in the act was vetoed by t he governor (984); and West Virginia cr eated t he state Hospital Aut hority to sell bonds a nd notes to provide fi nancing fo r hospit a l im· provements and equipment purchases (1984).

Human services: Arkansas reorganized the Department of Human Ser vices, and shifted the powers of three boards to its director (1985); Hawaii established a Human Services Citizen AdvilJOry Board to he lp revise pro­vider roles and responsibilities. and a State Council on Mental Illness (1984); and New Mexico created a state agency on agin g (1984). Some states directed t heir attention to childre n: Arkansas combined ch ildren's services from several divisions into t he Children and Family Services Division, a nd established a Missing Children Information Clearinghouse; Wisconsin created a Child Abuse and Neglect Prevention Board (1984); and Wyoming set up a state commission on child support (1985).

Transportation: Flor ida once again reor· ganized ita Department of Transportation (1985); Minnesota set up a Regiona l Tra nsit Board for t he greater Min neapolis-St . Paul metropolitan area (1984); and New Hamp­shire created a new Department of Transpor­tation incorporating the Department of Pub­lic Works and Highways, t he Aeronaut ics Commission, t he tr ansportation function of t he Public Utilities Commission, and the mass a nd urban transit planning function of t he Office of State Planning.

Miscellaneous: Connecticut voters a p­proved a 1984 constit utiona l amend ment to move t he Criminal Justice Division to the ex­ecutive branch , Illi nois, by executive order, set up a new Department of Employment Se· curity to administer the unemployment in· surance program (1984), Missouri estab­lished a Public Telecommunications Author­ity to expand publ ic programming to r ural areas of the state; New Ham pshire consoli­dated individual agencies to create a new De­partment of Libraries, Arts, and Historical Resources, and created a new Department of Justice, by combining the attorney general's office with some others (985); Oregon con · solidated the state Banking Division and Of· rice of Savings and Loan Supervisor into a new Division of Financial Insti tutions in t he Department of Commerce (1985); and West Virginia created a new authority to sell bonds to set up jails by region. instead of by county (1985).

47

Some entities were dismantled dur ing t he biennium: Alaska voters adopted a 1985 ini­tiative repealing t he Alaska Transportation Commission; Rhode Island eliminated the Department of Community Affairs, a long wit h several boards a nd commissions (1985); and in Texas, the Healt h Facili ties Commis­sion was abolished. ma king it the first major state agency to close under the Sunset Act (1985). In 1984, t he New Ha mpsh ire Sunset Committee recommended abolish ing 16 of the 64 state programs under review, and mak ing major cha nges in 21 others. The 1978 law calls for the review of one·third of t he state's agencies every two years; since 1981. the state has reviewed 180 programs, terminated 35, and altered 65.

Exec utive Bra nc h Issues Selection of officials

Another state may join the list of those oon­ducting t heir state and local elections in non­presidential election years in an effort to in· sulate those races from national election trends and impacts. In 1985, the North Caro­Iins General Assembly took action to place on the 1986 ri rst primary ballot a refere n· dum on the question of shift ing state and county elections from even· to odd-numbered years, beginning in 1989. If adopted, the statewide officials elected in 1988 would serve a n extra year- through 1993- t hus placing the state's elections in the same cycle as New Jersey and Virginia.

That would leave only 12 states remaining on the presidential-yea r cycle.' In 1964,29 states held their elections in t he same year as nationa l races; by 1972, t he number had dropped to 19. As in North Carolina. many of the election year sh ifts have been state Democratic Party responses to t he electoral problems posed by national party candidates for president and vice-president.

In 1985, Alabama took a step in reaction to incrensing Republican strength in t he state, by moving the state's primary elec­tions (first primary a nd runoll) from September to June, beginning in 1986. The move is expected to allow party nominees more time to heal any political wounds Buf· fered in a bruising runoff before the general election- from less t han a month and a ha lf to four and a half months between the pri­maries and general election .3

During the biennium. some states changed the method used to select particular execu-

tive branch officials. In 1985, Louisiana abol­ished the unique tradition of electing the state Board of Education and the superinten­dent, in favor of having the Board appoint the superintendent.. In 1984, Colorado voters adopted a constitutional amendment making the insurance commissioner a gubernatorial appointee rather than a civil servant.

One slate changed the specifics involved in recalling its officials. In 1984, Oregon voters agreed to a constitutional proposal changing the necessary number of signatures on recal.1 petitions from 25 percent of the votes cast in the last election for Supreme Court justice to 15 percent of the votes cast for governor.

Other proposed changes. however, were not successful. In 1984. Georgia volers rejected a constitutional amendment providing for the appointment oflhe slate superintendent. In the same year , South Dakota voters de­feated a constitutional amendment to elimi· nate the elective office of state treasurer .

In 1984, four states redefined eligibility for service in particular offices. Californi a now permits its state constitutional offi cers to reside anywhere in the state. Georgia voters, in approving a constitutional amendment, banned dua l office holding by state and local government officials. Maryla nd voters adopted a constitutional amendment requir­ing a ll constitutional e lected officials to be registered voters. And North Carolina voters agreed to an amendment requiring attorneys general and district attorneys to be author­ized to practice law.

Poli4!y mantJBl!ment During the biennium, there appeared to be

little change in how state governments a re managed on a day-to-day basis. No new man­agement systems-such as MBO, Zero-Base Budgeting, or strategic planning- were be­ing pushed through the states, and activities tended to focus on data management systems for the budget process.4 Instead, it appears that the states a re incorporating a range of sophisticated tools into their management and budgeting processes, and in doing so are finding varying degrees of effectiveness in the use of these tools.

A 1984 study reported that Forward·Year Projection of Expenditures and Revenues was in use in 42 states (26 reported it effec­tive); Program Analysis prior to program ap­proval, in 40 states (24 reported it effective>; Program Budgeting, in 37 states (only 14 re-

48

ported it effective); Program Evaluation, in 34 states (13 reported it effective); Perfor­mance Measurement, Reporting and Moni­toring, in 31 states (only four reported it ef­fective); a computerized Management Infor­mation System, in 30 states (only 16 reported it effective); Zero·Base Budgeting, in 10 states (only seven found it effective>; Manage­ment by Objective, in 10 states (only four found it effective); and Quality Circles, in nine StaUlS (four found it effective). States in the northeast and north central psrts of the country reported greater use of these tools, as did states with larger budgets. e

There was, however, growing concern over the central management capabilities of the states. Two surveys conducted during the biennium revealed that less than half of the states had discernable central management improvement units. Those that had such units located them in the governor's office (New York), in a management and budget of· fi ce reporting directly to the governor (Alas· ka, Maryland, Michigan, Tennessee), in a budget and planning office (Florida, Georgia, TexllS, Wisconsin), or in departments of ad· ministration (Colorado, Minnesota, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania).'

Some reports have called for the governors to give management improvement a stronger emphasis in their administrations. In addi· tion to the effort noted above, the National Governors' Association also provided an an· alysis of the management capabilities of the states.7

On the policy side, some of the states have undertaken a process known as " issue scan­ning." A variety of official s &can relevant periodicals, papers, and other materials for information and events that may be indica­tive of trends, and then funnel the items into a central coordinating location. Periodically, officials with a variety of perspectives review these bits of information, note trends that could affect the state, and determine their policy implications.

Eight states (Colorado, Florida, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, New Jersey, Oklahoma, and Pennsylvania) are reported to conduct issue scanning, while several other states are attempting to develop similar processes. Some regional organizations have conducted issue acanning projects for their regional con­stituents, and the Council of State Policy and Planning Agencies coordinates an 11-member "State Scanning Network," which

reports bi-monthly to the governors of all states.'

In other policy developments during the biennium: Delaware created an Office of State Planning and Coordination, designed to work through four new cabinet cou ncils in providing a three-year pol icy agenda for the state; Florida now requ ires the gover· nor's offi ce to submit a plan for orderly growth management; and futures projects were undertaken in Connecticut. Idaho, Iowa, Kentucky, Mary land, Minnesota, Ohio, South Carolina, and Virginia.

Patronage States continued to address the question of

how far down the bureaucracy a governor's power should extend. North Carolina in­creased the job secur ity of state employees in 1985 by reducing the sen iority necessary to qualify for protection against arbitrary or political firings, and by setting caps on the number of employees who serve at the plea­sure of the governor.9

That same year, however, Virginia re­moved 500 top state policy makers from cov­erage under the commonwealth's grievance procedures in order to ~ive the governor more control over policy. 0

Whistfeblower protection Two more states took steps to protect state

employees from retaliation for reporting

wrongdoing in government. In Iowa, legisla. tion enacted in 1984 protects state employees from reprisals for disclosing waste or mis­management, and in Rhode Island, 1984 leg­islation stipulates the employees no longer can be threatened , fired, or discriminated against for reporting violations of law or for participating in investi gations.

Ethics With legisla tion enacted in 1984 , three

states took steps to more clearly define eth­ical behavior for public officials: an Illinois law requires state officials to file annual ec0-

nomic disclosure statements or face new pen­alties: Nebraska legislation prohibits the at­torney general and all assistant attorneys general from engaging in the private prac­tice of law; and the connict of interest law in Rhode Island now covers all state em­ployees.

For two other states, however, efforts in the area were not as successful. In 1984 , Missis­sippi voters rejected a constitutional amend­ment that would have banned public officials or employees from misusing their office for profit. The amendment ..... ould have prohib­ited a public official from doing business with (or having an interest in) a business that con· tracts with the level of government in which he or she serves. In July 1985, the Massachu· setts Supreme Judicial Court ruled that the State Ethics Commission lacks the authority

Table A Sunshine Laws In The States: Major Provisions

1"",_1>' ... 1,.1 or ... her remed"l _ioon 10 _iOod it 1.0 .. yiol.\.ed

eom"';I __ inp ", .. 111. b.. """n

M_;"lI' ollooool .... ,liM ", .. 01 b.. __

1>;0< .... """. In ..... ili<>n to .« ... 1 """ioion m •• i...." m .... be ""Id in _n """""11" No n~mptl ..... to open . .....,.i...., pnwioio ....... lIowood 11,,1_ . ped flood In.'''' I, ..

10. poloey ....... " .. ml "r- .he ......... i .... I ..... """Id bo 1iI ..... Uy ....... "'"

Wher-e cloMd (n .... ti ... ) _iooou.re .110",," .• 11 n .... 1 _io ... m .... be ""ken in open _I",,"

Qu .. I·judlriol _inp m .... boo open

\I'!>en lIMo I ... pennlta d".oed _i ..... I"" put. Invol.ood "",y req_ that lhe)' be ope""" n..re it rIO _ ..... lOr d ......... in __ n .......... ,_ or ott- IinaDdal .... 'IftI'n ,... .... " ... _ ....

49

" .. .. " " " " ~

H

" "

to fine a public official for violation of the commonwealth's conflict of interest law.1I

Open government During the biennium, sunshine laws and

provisions continued to be of interest in the states. A 1984 Virginia law amended the state's Freedom of Information Act in re­sponse to a court ruling- public bodies will no longer be able to conduct meetings through telephonic, video, electronic, or other communications means. In 1985, Hawaii amended its sunshine law--establishing the right of private citizens to sue if a meeting subject to the law is closed (in violation of the law), and restricting the holding of executive sessions by bodies covered under the Jaw. Moreover, the amendment provides an affir­mative right to the public to speak on any agenda item at any meeting held by those bodies covered under sunshine require. mcnts.12

A 1984 study ofthe sunshine laws across the states identified 23 separate provisions that can be contained in these laws, and found that the states varied considerably in their definition of sunshine (as measured by the combinations of these provisions). Ten· ne8See and Florida led the states by contain· ing 21 and 20 of these provisions, respective­ly, while Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, and Wyoming contained only eight each. Table A presents the 11 most common provisions of these laws, and indicates how many states' laws contain these provisions.

Nearly all of the states' sunshine laws pro­vide for remedial action if the law is violated, for open committee and local government meetings, and for no exemptions to open· meeting provisions unless specified in the law. The remaining provisions pertain to 8

variety of procedural and substantive points and vary considerably across the states.

50

Notes 1. James Conant, "Reorganization and the Bot->

tom Line," P"blic Admini.lralitm Revitw 46:1 (JanuarylFebruary 1986): 55.

2. 11u-ee of the 12 remaining statE&-New Hamp­shire, Rhode Illand, and Vermont-hold their elec· tiona every two year&, 10 they lwing back and forth from a prelidential to a non·presidential election year. As such , only nine of the remaining .tatel elect their officia!. in conjunction with the presi· dential election.

S. David 1.. Martin, "Alabama Legislative Devel· opments," Comparalive StaJ.e Polilin Newluller 6:3 (June 19M): 2.

4. "Stste Government Management," Stale Po/,. icy Reporll 3:23 (December 1985): 9.

5. Stanley B. Botner, ''The Use of Budgeting! Management Tooll by State Governments," P!Jblic Adminiltrotion Reuiew 45:5 (September/October, 1985): 616-20.

6. Coalition to Improve Management in State and Local Government, The GolJf!rnor'. Manag~ ment Impt'f'lWmtnl Program..' How to Do /I (Wash· ington. D.C.: Natklnal Academy of Public Adminis­tration, 19M): 14-16.

7. Office of Slate Services. R«Jrgonization and MOIUl(/'tmtnt lmproorment lnitiotivn: An Euoy of Stale E:x"nUnt:C (Washit!ilon. D.C.: National Gov. ernor', A8IOciation, 1986).

8. National Scanning Board, Reporllo the GoM­non (Washington, D.C.: Council of Slate Palicy and Planning Agencies, bi-monthly), and Commit­tee on Southern Tranda, LooJcing Forward: Viliont orthe F"tu~ orlhe Soulh <Re&ean:h Triangle Pw-k. N.C.: Southern Growth Policies Board. December 1985).

9. Joel Thompeon, "The 1985 Session of the North Carolina General Aa8embly," ComporolilJe SIllh Politin New.letw 6:4 (August 19M): II.

10. John McClennon. ''The 1985 General ~m· bly Se.ion," Comparoliw S/QU Politia NftIJ.letlg 6:4 (August 19M): 17.

II . Joeeph F. Zimmerman, "M88I'I. Ethics Board Can't Fine Officials," National Civic Rtvirw74:9 (October 1985): 428.

12. Anne F. Little, " Hawaii Legislative Report: 1985 Session," ComparalilJe Slau Politic. New,le" ler 6:5 (October 1985): 16.

Tllble 2.9 CONSTITUTIONAL AND STATUTORY PROVISIONS FOR

LENGTH AND NUMBER OF TERMS OF ELECTED STATE OFFICIALS

, I ! , • 1 I ! ! I • J

! I I • ! 1 ! • 51",.« 1 1 .! (JIM< ",_,;or, ~ j , , , ""." ,U.,"_ . '" '" '" '" '" '" . / 2(1) ed. or Educa'ion~ .; Public Scm<c ComauI.-V·

,\1o>Ii1 ..•.... . l2(b) '" ,,' .;2 '\"""1 •••••••••• ". '" ". ". ". Corpotlliooo C ..... ",a._

,\110;1_ ......... ". ". ". ". ". ". ,., 6/.; Mitwiaopc<to<- V · Land C-_.~.

c.IIf ..... . ". ". ". ". ". ". ". ed. of eq,uw.,.iooo~·

c __ .... ". ". ". ". ". RqraI. of v .... of CoIo.-6/.; lid. of Ed ..... 'ion-6/·

C",,-c ... , ... ". ". ". ". ". ". DobWI" ......... 4/ 2('" ". ". ". ". ". • lorWl ...... .. .. . .n ". ". ". ". ". ". " . ., Gt<> .. 10 .......... '" ". ". ". ". ". ". ". '"' Public Snvi«

Conllnll.-6/·

It .. aII ........... '" '" '" ed . of Ed_ion-'ItJ , ... Ito ............ ". ". ". ". ". ". " ". 11M .... ........... ". ". ". ". ". ". 8<1 . or T""' .... Viii • •

01 111.-61· , ..... -........... U2(j1 ". U2(j) ". 4/ 2(j) u2(j) Ii) ". ,,' '0'" ............ ~ ~ ~ ~ w "" ~

.. 1_ ........... '" '" ". ". " . ". Bel. of Ed_iooo_ " · ,,-od, ......... '" '" '" '" '" '" ,,' .ro '" R ......... c-. ... ~· ,_ ......... .n ". ". ". ". '" ". ". Bel. 01 Ed_i000-6/·; PubtiooScm<c C-", • . - 6/.; EIoe-,ioc>, Com_.-4I·

."' 01 .. ............ '" " .iti M."' .... ......... 41l(b) ". ". M_ •• otIIO ..... ". ". ". ". ". ". b<c. CouI><iI_ V · M ... " •• . ". ". ". ". ,m, Uni • . Re,en,>--II·; lid .

of Educa,Ion_ I /· MI __ ,. ". ". ". ". ". ". M ....... "" ........ '" ". ". '" ". ". (i) ". ". P"blic Stt.-\co

Com ..... . -4I·; " ieI> • ... yeommn.-u.

11-1'-"" .......... 4/ 2(0 ". ". ". . / 2(0 "" "'_ ... ......... ". ". ". ". ". ". ti) Pubtioo Sn.-\co ec.u.. ... -4I.

N<Ion.h ......... "' .. , ". ". ". ""., ". R_, of UfII • . 01 Neb.-6/·; ed. of Edu· catiooo-U·; Public: Scm<c Cooouu.-6/· N ... _ .

'" ". ". ". ". ". 8<1 . of R<_.-..,r.; ed.or Ed __

'" 1'1 .... 11 . ..... 1« .. U· " E-. C .... nciI- V · N .... ''''''' ....... '" '"

5 1

._-OIltnjl<rUdictiott

/Ii .... Muk<> ••••••

.~ ... \ ..to; ........ , .. ..,~ CAtoIIu •••• N_Dd._ .....

r- .... Oll.-"

0...- ... '~-".""" " ' " 1I._ 1oIu4 SoooI. c_ .. Sootl~ I:hl_ .

r_ .........

TbJt;O ............

U ..... ..... . ....... ............... ...... \'1rJWo . ... . ..... ~·I ...... ' .. .......

1 ..... ' -...- ..... ~ ....... ... ..... ", .... ......... IJoioI • ., c.t. ......

-'_ oSo_ ., eu • ............ 1'1 • • M""" .. h •. •. '_Rko ... .. .. viral_ , ...... .....

" (i)

LENGTH AND NUMBER

I I , I ~

I f I I ~ • ~ , ,

.(10(0) (10(0 ) 410(0) .fG(o) 410(0) . / 0(0)

~- ~- ,,- "' "''' 4/ 1(0 ,,- ~- ,,- ,,-,,- ,,- ,,- .,- '" .,-

'" .,- .,- .,- " .,-'" "" "" "U "" """ '" """ ,,- 412(j) '" '" '" ii: ." 411('1 '" u_ u_ u_ u · '" ,,- ,,- ,,- " '" '" ,,- ,,- ,,- ,,-

'" " '" ". .,. ,,- ,,-

". .,. ,,' ,,- ,,- ,,-u· u - u_ u_ u· u_ .ro "u "" ,,- ,,- ~- ~- ,,- ~-

." '" .,- .,- ~- ~-~. ,,- ~- ,,- ~-,,- '" ,,- ,,- ~-"",., '" '" '" . / l(b) ". ,,' m ~-,,- ,,, . / lIb) ~- ,,' ,,'

•

, ...... oIIowni.

IIIIY""'''-'''· 1liiy hold o'fIar , ... an ~nlim"nI

... dtctnl by ..,.....n .... n'ol <nih, ''''''

OF TERMS- Continued

i J

t

t ! ! ~ , "'-Com", •. of I'\IbIi<

Land.-4/O(o): Bd "' &1 __ - 61.; CO<-

.,.,..,i00i Commn.-&'. ,,-'" ,,- ,,- ,,- ,,-.,- U.(rl 41.(.) .,- PubIic~

C-.-6f.: Tu <=-.-41. .. , Bd.M~.

"" ,,- CoIpo<.'_ C __ .-,,-,,- ,,-". ,,- ,,- Adju,"", Oennal-4/·

" C_. of ScboGI " PublOt l.ando--4/.; P\oIJIior Ulililid eo...... .-4/. """ ...... c-..-6I.

". ,,- C_. ~a..nl Ladd 00.-61-; ..... load C .......... . -6I·

lid. of Ed_,k>c>--4J'·

,., ,,- :.;: c-.... 01 Public ,-"",-" .

" ,,-'d " ".

CIIooD . of Council of DIll . of CoI.-tItI ,., ,., 811. of Ed_iotI_ 4'. ; ViIl .. " Comm.,-4/ U

'd ,., ,,'

..

..tmlnlsu.,,,, pn' ... m. ,,,,,",Ion .. _ca N",ini .. ,., ... pe""''''' 'uMlIon.

Table 2.10 SELECTED STATE ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICIALS: METHODS OF SELECTION

tw" .. M ~'8" Arr""'ry ArIjr."ml Ad"'/lIio· At,/. S.o.r Go_,.",

~- "/.",,, _., T_,.,," ,","Q/ 'I1Ilio1t ru/"" &mkl,., .. ,~ 101.1111 ..... CE CE CE C< C< G CE G " ... 1 ....... CE CE

CE G. G. G. , , , ,

Arbo •• . CE e, CE G G' • e, G ... rt< ..... .. CE CE CE CE CE G G h~ 'G AG com ..... I • .. CE CE CE CE C< G' G' , • • 1(\)

Colotodo •••••. CE CE C< CE C< G G' G' , G' CoeMrtkto' • •. CE CE CE '" e, G G' G' G' , 001._" CE CE '" CE CE G' G' '" G' G' ~lorid • .. CE cr '" CE CE G' G' CE (. · 12) , (""-.1 • ..•. CE CE CE CE (.·20) G G' cr G' G

11 . .. ·.11 CE cr '" (1·9) " G' 'G G' Id.ho .•• ••• CE CE CE CE CE G G' '" G' G IIli ...... .. . . CE cr CE CE CE G G' '" G' G l edl ••• •• . CE cr CE " C< G Q , G G 10 .. . .. ............ cr '" C< CE C< G' ,

" G' /1·12)

........ cr CE C< cr " " G' • G' " I( •• h,"k·~ cr cr C< cr C< G G CE G (1·20) 1.0001 ..... CE CE C< C< C< G' G cr G' G' Mo. ........... CE " " " G GC> GC> 'G M ' I) I."" . CE cr '" cr " " (1. )1) G> 'G' G'

M.~~ ... " • ••• cr CE CE e, CE G G G G ,G Mlclol",. cr CE CE CE G' G' G' , G' G' MI._ .. cr CE CE CE CE G G' G' " (1 ·20) MISl\hoIppi CE CE CE CE cr G' "cis' " G' , )'oI1...,ott ••. CE CE CE CE CE G> G' "

, Mo ... eo ..•. CE CE CE CE , G G' G' , G N.bnsl • .•. C< CE C< CE CE e G' G' '"

, N .. -. d • ••••• CE CE CE CE CE G G '"

, ( • .(0) N ... )10 .. "",1 .. CE " GC " GC GC GC GC (.·6) N ... J • ....,. ••• CE G' G' '" G' ,

'" '" ,

/II_Muir • .. . . CE CE CE CE CE G' ( •. ll) '" G' G' ........ VOII< CE CE G' CE G' G (.·ll) G' G G NOr!. Co •• H •• C< CE CE CE CE G G cr G' 'G ..... 0 ... DUo .. CE CE CE CE CE G (.·ll) CE G' (hh) 01010 •. CE CE CE CE CE e G' G' , G' ()I.I ........ cr CE G' cr CE G' G' G' (.·20) 0. .... .... CE CE " CE G G' G' ' G , P •• ft., ..... 10 •. cr CE G' cr CE '" G G' G' G IIh ..... I .... d ••••• CE CE cr cr cr G G' , G " Sott.h C .. oIl ••. CE CE CE cr CE CE (1.9) CE ( .... ) • Sott.h Ihk" •• CE CE CE CE CE '" G G' , (.·20) r . ........ CE ~ " CT " G G G G , T.~ .. ...... CE G' CE CE '" " " G U •• h cr CE CE CE G G' G' G' G \ ' ........ , ... '" CE CE " CE " G' G' G' G' \ ·I,p.Io. cr cr G' cr G' G' G. G. , G' Wu/tI'I'''' . cr cr CE CE cr G' G' G' , (.· 20) I'I'nI \ ·irli.l. cr cc CE cr G' (.·)1) CE G' 'm 1'1'1"""' ... . e, cr cc CE cr G G' , G' , l'I'y" ... I .. CE CE G' CE G G , G G

NOIt: T1>r <hlrl ""miru,,,.,, •• olroci.b ,,,poR.;bk I", each fUr><I;';'n "' _ Lic."oon, a<w",>Or ~-... dt' .. mir><d I. om inf",m .. ;';'.",·,n W'" " .... '''' ...... ,... lu",,' " - ... no • ...,. .. ""aI lion .. 1;"«\ in SIQlr Admiltl"""I ... 01. "'" CIIu$ifkd by f'~~'10<0 ~ _s.c. .. .,y of " ... /9IJJ..86. ""bli' hc<I by 11>< Coo"';) 01 Sr.l< Go.' ... ,...nlO.

Kry." AppoIlllftl by: A(IfNO""" by: .. . - No .!>Mr." citlr! ad mini<l •• liv. ,,!rociol Of ....". in chlf,. of , - ..... ncr .... d

l.r><I;"n. AO -A .. ncr "'"" _.,

CE- Con"itu,ional. _1«<<<1 b~ r::bl;'; 'G - "',"ncr .... d Go.' .. "", CL-ConotitUl ion.l .• 1«<<<1 by 1,.IOIu .. AGe - A,."..,. "'"" Oo,<nIQt &: Council SE _ SUtu,O<)'. <I«rftl by publ;'; AS - AI<f'CY "'"d s. ..... SL -Stll.'O<)'. "'" .. «\ by 1r".lo,ul< ACS - "'1<f'CY .... d Go.' .. "", "s....t. , - Scl«<<d b~ 1qi\latu •• o. " ... 01 it> ",.a .. ASH -AI<"'-'Y .... d Stna,e rnoKl<n." fj"" ..

CT - Con"i' " lio ... !. <I<cr«l by "ar. SUpr ..... Coun ~p<. k ..

• _ Boa' d'" commi ..... n Appoinl..t b}'." Appro""" I>y: "" --, Go,,,,,,,,,, G - Co, ....... IKlC - Boord Oo'C'I"""'" &: Counal G' -(;,,,,,nor St ..... BCS _ Board Go_ .. ""," s. ... ,. G' - Go-<mo IloIh lIou ... "' _ Board or commi ..... n StnOi. G' - eo-_ E~"" Il00,,, M _ BoItd or """'nli.lion ..... r.cy "'.~ GC -Co.· ....... C01IAciI CS _ Ci.iI s..."" GD -0.,.._ D<pO"""'ntal boa,d ACII - Nomieo,«\ by .udi. IloIh """ ... GLS _ Co.·.,oo, Approprillt 1r".llIi .. """,. COnlnl",""

mi"""",, s....1< GOC - Co, .. "", "" Council",

<obi ....

53

SELECTED OFFICIALS: METHODS OF SELECfION-Continued c-. ...... --"'''' c_ 1JJW";/1 ~iJt;. C_fJIIIlr

c _ _ c_ ,,- 1Id",lfIb'

$i.'~ tillt" - "'~ - <II'" , .... -, &tw:.11ooo ,~"" ..u.-... .... '0' G 0 '"' '"

., G 0 , (1.11 ..u.u .............. G. G. G. A AT G • A '" '" ~ ..... ... ..... A '" 'a-UJ c.·XI) "" AT OS '" CT ( .. 2) ,,"'- ........... G G ... OS AT OS (I' U') »G ( .. 21 c.III_ ........... 0 OS OS CT 0 OS OS ,a-IO) CT (.1-1)

c........ ........... A A A A A AT OS A • " c-- ......... • (I· U) A CE A G' G ' 0 , '" Do/Io .... .. ... ...... t.-l) AG , A t. -Il' OS A O • OS

n.rw.o . .... . . •• . .•• A tl· 11 '" CO OS A OS A CE " Cftra:Io ••..•••.•...• • 0 '" A 0 GO (.10) CO " " .... aII ." .• •••••••• 80S

OS CI' UI '" A 0 A OS • 1.0 I .... .. .. G

(~:IO) ~ IW' (I.ll "" (.1· 101 CE (1 ·1) -.. .. .......... '" OS ... (I.) OS •• ' OJ • OS 1_ ............. 0 ta-I) A I1l A AT 0 '" " • I ... ............... OS OS A " AT OS OS • " "- ............. • OS A A A (,o.l) OS (.0. 10) , ••• ~-,. ........... • G G ,.", (1 ·201 (I.J) AG AO CE (,-21 ~ ........... ,W, OS '"

, . ., A OS OS (1. 10) • CE ....... .. ............ , OS ;"0 AG '" OU AG (.10) GU ••• "'"., ..... ... ........ OS A CO A ., .os A O • G

M~,","" . .. . ... AT 0 0 G A 0 G 0 • " lot ....... .. .. . .. . ... • OS A ''tJ, A A • " • A ~ .......... OS OS A , .. A '" OS A '" (1·1) ......". .......... I"") ,"·m (,I.n) • ., • G " " Nloooowt .. . . . ....... , I . ") ,".IS) A A OS '" A • " ~ ............ 0 0 A ~

A G A A '" " Nftnob ........... • '" A A ., '" • , .. 2)

~ ............. 0 G G '" A A G A • ("2) No-tt "-**" ..... • 1>'" (,I.ll) GOC , (,I.J) GOC oc • 1>. No-tt Jfrao1 .......... A OS OS '"'9) A '" OS A '" ,., 1'1 ........... ......... '" '" OS , ... ) A ., A A • " 1'1 ... " ... .. .. ...... G '" , • • 1) CO (1.12) '" OS , • • 10) • 0 N ... ~ <MolIN ...... A G A A AO ., G A " G N ... ~ Dol_ .. ..... (.·27) ,".15) A ,~~) A ., OS G CO 1".1) ow. ............... '" G A ( ... ) A • OS A • . ·1)

• (1.1" 0 AO A • • 0 '" ,

CO OS A A A A AG A '" " '" '" OS '"' A O A "" , .. 10) OS G • (a-m A A " OS 0 , , • G A CE •. ", • • , .. 10) '" • _flo Dok.- ....... A OS ,".IS) CE , . ., AT AG '" • ' .. 2) r_ ........... • (,I· U ) ,"·U) a. A A G G 0 " r_ .. ....... . .. .. . • 0 '" " • ., • • " " IJ~ .. .. .. . ........ • OS ,w, ,.", AO AG '" A • (1· 1)

V ...... ............ AT ,",U) OS (1 .20) " .,

'" A '" ,"·2) ,.- ...... .. .. .. G. A O' G. A G. O. O. G. w:"\C.; ........ , '" '" 'H' • .,

'" A '" " w ... , ....... OS OS ,u, CO A ., OS ..., • ,"·JI "' .................. A ,"· 1) A A A "'" A A a; '" w,.... .. A , .. m ("") , .. ))) A AT '" G '" ,"·21

otncIoI .. ....,. Ia ..... til f\aocIiooo;

54

SELECfED OffICIALS, METHODS Of SELECTION- Continued ,-,. '--.- '''''" -, . -~ -. '-v ~ """ -- Hillwr

$(.,~ -, ...... - , .... -~ .mdJ/fr ...... II""'~ ....... 1Il1Ir_fl " .. _ .......... '"

, " e e (.-29) , • • • " ...... ...... , , , e. e. e, , ,

'" (1-40) " .. ,_ ........... . e '" ., '" ,e • e, '" • «1-40) A.b._ , .... .. ,e e e, e (1_6) • (1.6) e, oo e c..11 ...... ....... .. '" e, • e, e, '" e, e, • c • ..."

C ....... do ........ , , • , (I ' U) " ,1-6) e, • '" c..-un. •...... e, ,a , e, e' e, CI·6) e, • , n,.I ........ ...... .. .. . ,e Co·)I) • , e, , CI'" ,a • I''''' ,- ............. , , , e, , e, eoc , • . .." GtooaIo . . .... " •. .... CI-j) , e , , , CI'" '" • , . .." II ... .... ............. (I . " , , ,e (I." " CI-12) '"

, ,. , ...... .............. , '" e '" '"_" e, , , "" , .... ..................... '" , (1·29) '" '" , , . .(" '" • , ....

I ....... ............. = e e • tl-" , (1-6, e • e 1_- ... , '" '" '" C.-Ill ,

'" '" '" , Iri._ ............. ,

'" '" , (0-6, 0 CI'" '" 0 , ....

"tel_)· ......... .. a , a e e • (1 .20) ,e • e t.o.I\I . . ... " ....... '" '" e, '" (1·6) '" (1-6) '" 0 e "' .... .... ... .... ,e au • e" e" e" (1. 20) , e" , . .." ",.,,10"" ... , .... e .. , ,a (1 · 12) e ., e, 0 ,e Il0l .......... '' • •••• a e e a (1 ·6 ) e (1' .16) e 0 ,., Mklll ... .... . . , 0 a , (1·9) (I. l\l) (1 ·9) e, '" (1-40) MI.-u ... . .•..•. e '" e, ,., e, , t.·6) e, a, , Il0l1.......,,. ......... . e e • 0 (1·9, , 0 • 0 " "'_rl ............ '"

, , , (1-6) , (1·6) , • 0

M .... '" .. ............ , , e , '" (1-6) '" '" '" SolIn •• •.•....... . ,I.', ,

'" '" "' • tl-6) '" 0 '" Nn_ ............. e 0 , tl' U, 0 , , • , .... S .... II • • ,.,..... ..... e = e (0-6) • t ... ) = , = s. .. J....., .......... , ,

'" '" ( .... ) ,= (''') '" '" , .... S .... M ............ ,

'" e, , '"

, '" '" 0 '" N ... v.,. tl.') ( • .v) '" a tl· l9) '" '" to·16) , ....

SHI_ c...i'.',; ::' e e ,. (1' l9) (.:" , , e '" ,e S .... o.~IM' ..•. , e ( •• 11) , (bh) e tiil e 0 a 01110 ••.••..••..• ,e '" '" e, (.-6) ,

(''') '" '" , ... 0Ii101oo,,," •.••. . • e, • • • e "

, 0 • , ..... ~ .......... " ,e '" • I.") • '" ,e • " ' •••• ,.10·181 • .• .. ••• . • " '" e' '" (nn) '" '"

,. , ..... a_o4t 101 .... ..... ("') 0 ( • • )4) e, e • , eo • , ..... §o.,,_ C .. oII •• , , e ,.

11·9) 0 ,e • , , SM •• Ih~ ... .. . . , , , , , e Co·6) '"

, , r ... _ ......... , 0 '"

, Co") , 0 0 • , . .." r._ ............. 0 0 • A.-a • , • , • \I .... ......... '" Ae , 0 " C'''' '" • , . .." y ..... .......... e '" • e, A'" " C'''' '" • , .... , ........ ............. e. e. , e. e. • eo eo e. e. ::~.::::::: '" '" '" '" '" • Ca") , • ''Of' e '" 0 ,".19) '"

, , " 0 .... --... ........... '"

, , , , , , '" '"

, ..... ,-.. ........... e e e 0 (a·ll) e (a'" e e •

II") a~biltiJ.o ..... od to,- [li~.,... V .... I ... 'lon ........ otk 0"" (q) a~I;' ....... red by ~""" AMisuo>I C_ ... PoultryC ................ _ (Ii"",,,,,. P\a.nI Boord."nd I ....... ''''''''' 1'1 .... ......., ~aI DioobiIiI," DMoioa. boIh irt o.,.n_ of Mmtal t .. ,,,, ltcp-... n ... I .... MI ,k<linl [li.;,;o". Indu",1oJ - Hnllh. Comm;u;"". (I) 1I:r:;"bili,1n _od by DWaor. M.trit; Enoploymcnl ~mmo

II) anpOnoibilil ... Wr«i by Oi ..... .,...~ ....... of Ind .... riaI a .... · """ II. of P ....... III"I , Ofno. of Stll. COOIpltoiln. ,ioM.nd Supcrvl_. Con.tilil.iOft Scr<I<o of ,11< .. _ ..... n ....... . (0) a tfllO'llibilil'" .... red by 1kpuI, MIi"an, Soc, ... ..,.. OUIet of

(hI lI<>fM)Iltibildln _od ~Of. Dtpan ....... of Mmtai lltlhh. M.nlll 1I •• lth.nd A .. I .. lm Sea ... ". 0f1lte "r M.n •• 1 11 .... <11'I0Il. 'nd [li,onOf, ~.I . ~n_ .. . (I) R .. pOnIibili,1n .h.I,od by 0;, ... "". Bu .. au of Mml.1 Il .. Jlh and

(i) anptlftsibilil ....... r<d by Oi, ... "". ·""""of M.nlol ll .aI,h....:l [li_or, B"'flU of Monlol a .... dotioa . Oi, ... "". [li_ilion or Dew<kopmmlol Di<abi~'", . lu lilaporooibili'ln .... 'od to,. Di<Kl"". Men.aI a .... da';..., •

ti) M-"bi~I'" ",,",od to,. Commi ........... o.p.n ....... or Memll o....\opmmI .. 0NbiliI ... """ 0irf<IDf, --' II,...,... Mminho .. IDoo. tt .akh""" C""""" ......... O<pat\_ of ~~01 R ... cIallDoo . C~) lIapot1iibllioln ..... od by Stemif)' .nd c-i<oionrt of ,1M

(kl lIe!.pO<Iolbililia .... r"" by Ditmoo. DMoIooo "f A~ .... Dr", Dtpan_ of PubIi< ..... oob. A_ 01: 1>1 ...... IInhh.Ad [li""'''''. DMoOoct of Mmlal a .... <111;...,. (wI ~bilir.ln oharod loy ~ [lirtaOf. PoIlu,"", ConI .....

(I) R_libibt ... oIw-"" loy 5«1 .. ..,.. O<pat\_ of s.r.- f"" I\tttI<"Y _ EMaotM OiruIoo . Ermr--' Qoaolirr _ . OotId, .... YOflih. oIlT1orir familia _ 5«1 .. ..,.. """-'_ of Hnh~ (>.) a ""-,blliI ... _ ... by 0K.a"". Dtpan_ ofMmloi HnIoh oil SorioI s.m-. _ Dircnoo. Mnot.oI a ............ Oi ......

C.) Not • _.~. (y) lI""f"!"1ibilil'" ~ loy ............... -.at H.uh Dr .... t.) .. ""-'bilil ... ."."" loy ao;.r or ,1M Mo-ar.oI IkIII' DIvhiO<o i. .... Ad"","", ... oo. ~01 Oioabilil ... [li.u;..".

,. Dtpanmml or "'oIIh _ Chi<f of tho Wai_ T,aiDint SdKO (.) a apotliibilil ....... ,"" to)' 11M fllllc>wi"l ............ ,I¥< DI'fiaoIo: oil lI:'trol. [li"""", of Do-potImmo of Adnoifliso,MI¥< S<nio<>: St.,. -. .. "". (0;' ., •• udi,,,,,. CE. mirtiOl,""" of ,1M _ ... 0; ........ willIi. rIM .................. : Aud~",

(p a~biI~'" ohored by a...t'. Burnu or Mmlal H .. kh _ b · ofPubtic: A.-.",.; _ St.,. To C"..miIoioton of 11M Do-poti_ of ..... , ... Oi . ... "". ~ .. aI DlJabilil," boo b In 11M Do-potimcnl of II ........... tt .. hh_Wdf ... .

55

SELECTED OFFICIALS, METHODS OF SELECfION-Continued -Hwont: ..., .. -" -. .- "".'" - -••• .,," ,~ '"'"' ~~r . ,"" -- ,~

_M Pi<M~il/l

..., ","._ .. .. .. • G G '" a G • C ""'~I .... .. .. A A G. A ,,' G. A G G , "ri.o .... . . . . ... . .. • '" • ,,' G> • AG A , ""'_ ... .. ...... o. AG '" ,".lI) G' '" AG '0'

, Call . ...... . . ...... . G .. W ,",111 '" 0' .. G (1. 10)

c-- ........... GO A A o. " o. ~ o. ,".9) AC' e_ .... ......... G GE '"' a 8~

(1. 19) cs G A , ,_ ...... ........... AG " 0' AG (1. 19) AG G' i.:.) '" , ........ ............. A ,~, A '" A ooc A '" ,

GMttIo .••• ....... . A ,".Il) co " '" (1· '91 A G ,1·9) " II .... ............. ,1.29) AG oo ,"·10) ,. oo .. '" o. A ...... ..... ... .. .... • .. o. G l!l oo "'" (1. 101 , ....... .. .. .. .. ... . '" .. oo '" '" (Il l ) , .. , oo , , .... ............. • G a G .. a A G 'G a 10- ••••• .. .. .. •... • .. '" A G GO ,,' G '" II'" .... .. ....... • " (1· 17) '" '1, '9) '" G ,1.9) , K ... .n~ . ...... . . .. '" G a G G t. -19) a a .... '" ~ ... .. .. .. "' co G' ,., G' o. • '" '"," 101111 .. .............. • GU A A ,,' r.· I9) • GU G " 101 ..,1104 . .. ........ A 0' 0' '" ... "' A G' '" "'" M. __ .. . ..... G a a G a G A AG '"-11) a MI<IIItM . .... . .. .. . a '" G' '" G' • a • c' "'- • " G' '" '" '" A G' G co """- • " .. , • .. • G a M_ ... . ........ A '" G' A • '" A G '"." '" 101_ . .. .. .. .. .. . • A .. A 0' '" A AG (1 · 11 ) C ~ ........... • '" 'M' A "" • (a·l.) G' G CE s.._ ........ ..... A A a A G A " C _ 11....-. ..... (0.Z'J) DC DC DC DC DC ADC DC C _ J..., ...... .. .. A .. '" (",'4 ) .. " '" A G G , Ntw -'I ....... . ... . .... A • o. G ' m) '" A a '" 1M .. , .... . .. ... ... . (0.)0) '" '" (a·l) ,m ( • • )9) '" '" 'If' (0· 1l) s.n_ea_ ...... G CE '" G a " a CE Non_ DoJ.oto .. .... . • CE " A G .. ~. II ) 1l! OllIe .......... .. .. . ,m' '" '" (H I G A '" A

OIIla" .. . .. ....... • co '" (~ :IO) ( Il) a G G' '0 ' a

o..ao- .. .. ........ . A AG " M G .. A A ...... ,1 ..... . .. ..... '" '" '" a A 1'""1 a AG G a a_I ....... .... .. .. • G G G ~:

0 ·19 A a '" ,~, s..._ ea. ..... . .. .. . • • oo ( .... , • • • • s..._ Oo~ ... ... . .. . '" A '" A ,., '" '" '" '0'

, T_ ....... . ... .. a a A G " A G ta m T ............ . .... . .. • • G • (0.11) a; "

, u .... ........... .. .. .. oo '" AG ,W, '" .. (0' " '" ,~ . ......... A ~.I) '" (.2) '" (0. 1t) A '" " '" ' ............. ....... ,.", .... , ". ". G' G. A G. (a', G. .... ~ ....... . '" 2 '" '" ,-, co • a 10·10) C£ "'11M' ...... . A '" '" (0 ·1)1 '" A '" oo CE "'-.......... . G .. '" '" A • A '" ta.9) , "".,.,... ........... (0. )0) • G A a G G a

and Dlrec-

,.

\~; .......... _0010(.

56

SELECTED OffiCIALS: METHODS Of SELECTION- Continued ~ .. ~. ~lIlil.l' -" .... """ . "'~,.. ""INk ~,- ..., MQ""s<'- ... TrallSPO'-

S.Q'r .1Id" Ii".",., , .. "", .. rlllls1"z ,~W ~"" -' - TOIl';"" /IN/"" " .. _ ... (1. 12) • " a c; a CI.)!) A a a a " ..... 1 •.. A A a. Aa (I.ll) Aa CI.:!l) a. A A a. ,,<i . ........ AO • cr (1061 Aa a,

'" CI·19) A '" '" ""'_ . A • '" CI·lI) Aa Aa Aa CI .• 9) Aa CI.)O) Ca.~) CMiI ...... ........... CI 12) a, '" CI·lIl '" '" a, • '" a '" a _ _

CI- Il) A '" CI.lI) A '" a, A A • C_~'" CI. 12) • a. a, A a, a, c; a' " a, .)fI ....... CI.U) Aa '" '" Aa Aa I" 1.1 A Aa a, ' lo<Id • . A A '" A A aoc A a' a A a, r....,'lII. c.·J)) A cr A A a, c.·m A oa A " .. ... ·. 11 A , 0' A A a' a' (1·19, CI· I', a, Id ..... .... CI. ll, • a, a' A a, a, A A CI· IO) "" Uli"""" •••• !".1lI A a '" (106) a' A (1·19) a, C.· IO) a, llNll ••• 1·1l1 • a 0 (.06) a (I'U, A a A a , .......... (I.))) ,"'0) A c; a, a. (1·19) '" a, 00 .. - (1·12) a, a. '" A '" a, CI" 9) '" A '" ......... J .. (1.2(1) a a AD A a Aa Aa Aa a a ._ .... ........... (1.9) • CE a. CIo6) '" CI·lS) A '" a. 0' M.h .. . CI· Il) oa a, A A'" Aa CI.)!) (1. 19) Aa CI·10) a~ M.,." ... ....... A A a' (1·18) " ,.·Il) Aa A a. a a, M . .... ~~ .. II. '"· 12) A a 0 A a a A a A a follr~lf;u . '"' )1) a, '".lI> " Aa a, (I·I~) a, a, a, folln_" . a. A a, a. A a, a, A A A a, fol luiMlppl •• CI·H) • " a A a, (I' n) A a. A '".," .~. , •. u) • a, A A a, a, A '" • (1·21)

/101 .... .. ........... • " (l·lIl A a. a, A AT A , ......... "'. ,104) • cr (.·lIl A a. A (1-'9) a A , •• z.a) N ... ·INI • ••• '"-61 a a A ,.·U) a a " " 9) A a , 1'0 ... .. . --,,1rY .. .. ,.-61 • DC A ADC DC DC A DC A ,", z.a) 1'1 .... J....,. .......... A a, " A '" a. A '" A a, N ... Muk • .• A A a, A 0> a a ,1· 19) 00 A a, N.~ VO<Io: ..... ,1·121 (1 · '6) a, ( • . )8j ,.·11) , ... ) a, ("'9) '" " , 10) a, .... 0. 1_ C •• oll •• (1. 12) a a. 0 Aa a 0 a 0 A a N."~ o.~o .. . (h~) A " a A C< a A a • A 01010 ••..• .. • (1·1l1 • a, , • • lI) A a, a, a, Aa A a, 01. ...... "'. (1.2(1) • cr , • . lI) A a. a, A a. , • • )0) • Ilrrto· .......... • a AD A a. a' A a. A " !'n.", .. 010 •••.•••. (I'" A a, A (I'U) . ->Of I~I c; '" ,"· 1(11 0> II_ .... INI ........ A a, 0> A c; c; a. • a A a, s.." C ........ ...... ( •• 12) • '" ,"·11) • a. • • • A (I' U)

S-" I) ....... • " AD A '" a, ( • . ,9) Aa A a, ... - .... A A " a A a A A A a a T ........ (.· 12) • a, (l.lI) ,.·ll) (I·U) " A • • (I·z.a) \J "~ .. ...... .. ... (1· 20) " a, a, Aa a. 0' A AD " a, "".0" . (.·20) 0 a, a, a a, 0' A A A a, \·lrtIwI. · .. . (.· 11) a. ,"·1) (.·11) A a. a. A a. A a. w ........ '_ . , •• 10) • a. , .. ) A a. ,.·ut A '" A • "' ... l · ........ ....... • a. a. A a. A • a, A A ~-.....M • .......... A A a. " ·lI) A a. a, A a, A '" w,·_ ... ... ,.·H) • a. A A a CI,UI a .. a

, •• , ~in ""If" by IMm .... M .... ' " .. hh 01";';""."" o..m .... 5n>'iots '0 ,lit 11 '''''0""",,.

'''''''I ~tri~ .... _ t". lNKIon of Dioloiotl of M .. ".l l lnIlh

(u) R-",biIiI ... "..,cd t". OifeCtOf. Oflb orc_1UIiI)' and , • . ...... tiolOro't\opmml and o..mot of Com"'""", ...rfal ... 1ft ,lit ...... om ...

and Di>;,;on or Dr.odopnwn'" Di .. bdi,;" . t .... R .......... trili' ... <bam! by Oi,mot. Ofl'lor of C.,..,,,,"ru'r."" , ... ) Il .. poroo;bilil;" "' •• cd ~ s..:.fl • .., of [)q>;u ..... n' of Sori.1 .nd Ind ..... ill ~ and Oi.mot of E.:oooomI< Ik>'tlopmeu' on ,lit

11 .. I.h 500 .. ';...."" Di.mOl. .11I"" of Incotn< A>lI""",,. In ...... .. .... <kporu ... n, . <kpa" ...... , . (bbb) lI<>pono.ibililin .lIIted by Ad",in.", •• or. T ....... Coruum<.

(yy) Raponsibilitin >lw"cd by Commi....".... [)opao1 ....... oO i ....... """,mion Divioion and ""';'&n< A"ot...,. a. ....... Oflb of C"""' ..... .. ........ ini." .. ion and Oitmot. Budatl DM ........ Dtput .... n' 0( fl ....... I'Totm"" • .. Ad"';ni." .. .,.,.

57

Table 2.11 SELECTED STATE ADMlNISTRA TIVE OFFICIALS, ANNUAL SALARIES

SN,t or ""'-, -- ... ,,-, "'~"'.~I Adlnl~ ,,,,. (N~~ 00_

"'-~ O/I(.tr ..... ,-~ .....,.) 'm'" C1'/1~~ .... ,., .....

AIo ...... .... . .. ... S6l.U9 S21.91!(b) Sl2,9l1 15'.000 "",000 152.1'" U4.'ili

"'9.1'2 In.N! S«l.111 AImIt . ... . . .. . ... .. . ".ll1 N.'"

1'.000 66.116 ~.'" 66.116 ~'" ~."" 66.816

ArIlou ............. ~.'" 1".000 ~-'" 17.~ .0."56 "'.0111 <010."56 .0 •• 56 ".'" A"'._ .. .. . 1'.000 22,m U.'" U.'" ",.m ~ ... ,., ".000 v ....

CoIIl'on," • "9. 100 .2,500 "2.500 47.~ • 1.500 " .... lUll n", (c.20)

CoIcJftH ........... " ... 1l,OOO 12.000 " ... 12.000 71.996 601.110 66.S.IO ".610 6oI.n.! .,....,.., ~ ... ..... n.ooo " ... 1'.000 "9,119 6oI.9S1 "9.119 Sl.16I ...... DoI.ware ........... ~ ... " ... " ... Sl.JOO ~ ... ".000 ...... "1.100 " .... ,,, .. non'" . .. ..... .. ... 11.1$1 6I.'sa 61.1016 ".1016 ",.. 61,011 ~."" 67.1016 IC· l2) " .. ""0 GtotaM······ · .. ·· 79.356 41,150 OJ.'''' " ... (t.lO) 61.011 51,500 OJ.'''' SI.500 ".'" II ..... .... .. .... . .. '9.400 '1.~ 50.'90 (0·9) 11,.12

...~ ".- ".1101 SO.'9O .,- .............. " ... ".000 n.m "1.000 H.500 61.900 ... "" ".921 '9.SoI' 1_ .. '1.000 "'.~ "."" "."" " ... )7,000 G.'" "' ... OJ.'' 61.1001 , ....... " .... "'''' "',99' 'I.OU ~ ... 19.'20 .7.'SoI 11.6001 .l.116 "",'Sol I ...... . .. .. ..... ..... 21.900 "1.000 " ... 011.000 }.I,'SO "." "1.000 4'.100 ,,,,11)

Il.- . .. .. .. ... .. . ~ ... 11.216 " ... S7.m " ... 016./16 OJ .... 56.0n ...'" 51 •• " .... "M'II' ........... 61.100 '1.021 '2,au n.au ,um "."" "'."" '1.000 51.000 (c·lO) ........ ...... .. ... 11.400 61.]66 60.169 66.561 60.161 ~ ... 66,'92 60.161 " ... n.~ M .... ...... .... . .. . 1'.000 6i5OO )2,'11 .',09L lUll ".'" ".1016 :II.," )6 .... l 101.., ..... .... . ... 75.000 ".000 G."" G."" SO.I96 1<'111 ... '" '1.400 ".'" M_~-' ... . 15.000 OJ.'' OJ.'' ~ ... OJ.,, 6I,OIL n,m 19.064 "2.467 }.I.'" rotklolp . .. ... .. 11.800 ",ISO 7!.000 1$.GOD "."" " ... ..... OJ.'' ".100 "."" 1011_ •. . M.'" 016.'10 016.'10 .... "." }.I.91' OJ.,, S9.n. ".:116 IC.lO) rot~ ••• " ... ~ ... "',000 '1,000 "'.000 G." .'.GOD "I.GOD '1.491 rot_rl • .. • '1.000 ".~ ..... ~.'"' ..... N.'" ~.'"' 62,100 62.100 .7.1S9

rot ... ,., ... .. .. 5O •• n 36.L.I 11.1<11 46.016 ~.'" ".'" ".'" "."" lUll ".'" N ...... ........... ..... 11.000 11.000 19,m n,GOD .l.69l '9,500 ".1J2 SO.191 "'.809 N .. IMII . . .. .. ... . . 6!.000 10.~ ,,-'" n.m '1.000 )6.:111 .... !)1 19.601 »,lll , ... , N ... H~~ .... ~ .... l4.'17 56, lll 1<I.'ll ".167 56./11 010. 122 ".167 (c-6) N ... J....,. .......... ".000 ~ .... ~ ... ~ ... 61.$00 ~ ... u .... ~ ... 67.500

N .. /oInQ . .. . ..... OJ.,, ,."" 11.500 "." 11,m ".= (<,2]) .1.121 "l.lla "7.0100 N ... V .... 100.000 ".000 " ..... , ".000 n .• ]! n.0U5 :t22) 75.'" 15, .... ' ' 1.$00 N .... eu.II .. M,I. ... , .. ''.10lI0 sa.loII) ",1010 H,656 .'~ ".1<010 H.m 67.,n N ... ~ Doko,., ....... OJ.''' .9.9\12 "l.m ll.OOO ..... H.'" (coli) ~'.996 41.996 Oil 01lIo .. .. ...... .. ... .... )',000 " ... " ... " ... 'UIO ... ~ ... .11. ".lSO '9.1.

()IdoIooo-. . ......... 70.121 "1.9M 37.$00 " .... "."" 61.016 ~."" !7.000 (c,20) Orqoo ............. 71.000 ,,:500 '2.au. "' ... n.826 ".'" 61."2 !S.'16 ".'" ",416 ... ...,..... ... .... ... . 7'.000 " ... 65.000 '8.000 ,,-"" ~ ... ".000 ,a.ooo 39,000 it ..... I ........ .. . 49.$00 1$,500 l!,SOO 41.17' 15.500 ~.~ 'Ul6 27.10) u.~ 019.'" So." Caroll .. ...... "' ... )5.000 n.ooo ".000 ".000 ".000 (<,9) ".000 ,~, 66.9)9

So.I~ DokOli . .. ... . ".110 7,670 n,...o ..... 11 • ...0 ".0» ".~ .. ... ».1"7 (c.2O) r .. _ .... . .. .. .. ~.'"'

,W, "."" '7.010) "."" H.OOO "."" '1.000 ",000 11.640 Tu ..... .. .. "'.1SO ,»> ... ~ 13.U, 1).270 !S.m 1l.lJO N."" 51.900 Ut .. ............... OJ.'''' "."" 1'.'006

... "" " .... 56 .... H,ISO IO.M2 .... 101 49."2 V_I . .... .. .. "'." ~ ... ".~ 1'.00II )6.111 51.31' 37.316 P.ll6 012.952

VI,..; ..... .. . ".000 " ... "'.m ..... ... '" 46 .... 1 n.m "'.'" •. m ~.'" w .... 'IICI .. .. . ... · 61.000 u.~ 31.000 017.100 17.200 61.012 .... 6).1(XI "2.&72 \c.lO) WOOl ,,\ttl ... . .. . .. 72.000 .3.200 " ... " ... " ... 1<,'1) ~ ... U."" ,-, Wlo<e .... .. ..... .. .. 7un "1.190 )1.l:14 ",1l9 )1,1301 ".012' 69.:141 61.736 n.ooo ,a."" "'·r ......... . ..... ~ ... '2.500 q.~ $1.500 ".95' 5O.m 010.'" 11.Z09 'l.m

Dht. of CeI . ........ II.J.IO(_) 6U.lO 61.910 6UlO ,.0 n."" 11.000

65.9.10 A ....... 5oo_ . ••• " ... "'.000 ,,-"" ,1',000 .,.i:U l1.000 U ... 1' .000 Goo .. ..... .. .. ... .. " ... "'.000 0II0.1l1 11.191 J6.I» ".111 1<'17) ".m N • . rot • .-I .. (iliJ . • " ... 11.000 " ... 21.W! " ... ,.", .,. n.OOO ....... Rk<> . .... .... )'.000 ~."" ~ ... ..... 19.500 1"'11) " ... " ... ..... vlrJjo 1 __ .. .... . $1.0100 011.000 .'.$00 lM"" " .... N .... :14.16' ll.OOO u .... ~. Tho Couacil of SI ... Oowrnmeal$' _ .. r OI"~ ".. ..... net

.....,aa, IM'. Non: The mitf odnorniOlr.d~ orrldai. tapOftIibic for 01Ith fullCllcHI

--. dtlC1'1I>IIIOd r ...... ;orornwkHl JiYftl b7 .be _a (or It.. _ 1'11_ IIcHI ... l",eeI III S/~ Ad",I~Ul,,'i~ OjJ/dllts a.s.t/Itd b, FllMI/ofr IMS-I6. published by 111< CouIloCil of SI ... Cl<wmlmmto. ~ llIura \ .. of J ... ....,. I"') .... ~eeI .. SIIbm.itleel by l ho ...... or I ..... ...... ofl'Ici&II "-PI _hal ....... ~ tiYftl . 10 .boo< inll_ tho fIIiIIIm ..... ropro ..... -... WIInt ....,..,.,.,.. f,.utto have bmI ..........., to tho _ .. dollar .

Kq: N.A. _ Not • ...a.bic .•. - No Iptdtk cllltf odnII ..... _ oftkiai or...-.r In c ..... ,. or "~ ...

II) SaWy liOIod ..... , be or ",;tiwy ,..ode. (b) SlOI.-y for 105 "')'I t"""'_ """Ie ~M ... i. ' .... 11 ...

ocuIoft): saS/.-, lor 105 "'" 1 ... _ """"""lUIIioft "'MlelqiJlo.w~

SELECTED OFFICIALS, ANNUAL SALARIES- Co ntinued

""". "-"< EIH,iIHu SI,,,~ ()< Ci. it c.m. ... ~~;,)' e_ Comp"'<r

e __ ~~ -~ tMi",i,,'"

Ol~ i~'isdicriolt ri'~IS - <if/Q;" '''w -- qf/Q;,. ,.., .~, EdlfaliOll ,,,,,;,,,,,

A1>ba • • ... ••• • • .• $'2.84$ U6,602 s.co,lIl SoIO.1I1 1042.1" 56).192 SSl.UII S7. ,7. 9 (~l) "I ....... .... ,.,.,.. 66.816 66.816 ~.~ ~.,.. 6O,lSl 66."6 66."1> 66.116 ,.,.,.. ArIL ..... ....... " ... . 8,61. " 1<-l2) 1<-20) ".~ 43.611 SUl l " .S,OOO (c_2) ArII .....

69.006 S..894 lS.4)O «-6) ".6'J! 4U U SI.6oI' (.,. 10) 63 . .,,1 « _2)

c.ur ....... . 48,768 '1.'" 42,SOO 601.'\16 m." 18.201 «- 10) 42,500 « ·2)

e_ Sl.Oll ".680 ".~ '8,#>1 51.464 '1.028 66,870 4J.632 11.000 ' 7,01\4 Co._ ok •• '2.2611 (~l') '2,'1'/1 )5.000 49,319 ".7!11i W ,OS? SUM 6O,OS? 41,1IO I><U .... ~ «-1) ~ ... ".000 'l. 7(lO (0-11) " ... " ... 110,100 32.300 ,_. ......... .. 3J,m t~ l l 6$.000 61.:u6 'l.S<XI 4),39' M.'" M." 67.~ "6.lI2 ~ .... 6oI.~Z 6oI.S41 ".,., ~ .... -"/,182 ",500 (.,.10) ".6'6 50.1$6

II .""'" ,.." «·m SO.49D 16.S8S 4-4.HO « .SlO 50,4 \10 50,4110 JJ.JOO Ida .... . 27.64l J9.170 17.500 «-{;) t<·l) 016.171 « . 10) 17.500 (. -2) nu ..... '".000 ., ... (c· IO/ U ... «-{;) (c·l) ., ... (.·IU) " ... J'.m 1 ... 1 .... 11.t\OoI (c·l) lS.911 ~.OOO 19.52O n .t\OoI 47.':14 1'.912 . 7.':14 2.8.671 I" ... .......... . .... 11.800 47 • .00 19.19S ~.~ 48.6' 1 .',700 ~ . .., ~.,., ~ . .., ~ ... ........ . J6.IJ2 'J.(96 41.920 S8.86O 51,710 (c'l) ",708 (c· IO) 6U72 ( .. 2) 1I: ••• otky SO.IOO ".,., 4'.100 (c.20) (c·2O) (c· J) ".,., ~9,1OO '2.000 (c·2) loibl ••• « -l) B.lll ' 2.166 « -{;) JI.I~ n.'" SS.OOO 1'. 10) 60.1611 60.169 M_. 27.110 41.ZoI6 J6.41 H.'IO J8,RJ' .1 .ZoI6 t· IO) 41.244 «.2) toh.,. .. "" .:14.100 49.300 M.'" 62.500 SI .~ '1.-00 ~.~ .'.200 M.'" ~.,.,

M_~ .. u . 19.064 016. 170 60.171 016.170 SO.191 l7 .9lS :I4.H7 6J.492 :I4.SSJ 4' .000 MIr~i&" ~.~ 601.100 " .000 (e") "1).119 47.210 601 .100 2'.000 ro.~ J6.24 MI ........ ... '2.000 " ... '9.6:14 (c·2O) S7.l'8 4.'" '9.774 S9.~ M.'" (e.2) MI_ Plli · · (t·1S) (. -ll) (e·lJ1 ".9J6 0I0.0SZ ~ ... n.1lI1l ".~ N.A . MI_ ri •..... 42.6M (c· lS) (c. IS) 46.1 M 46.I M 62.100 61.100 19.290 ro.,., ~ ... M".I • •• . .. . 27.l71 ~.,., loO.1ll (e-{;) l S.9S7 17.S78 ~.,., lO.1ll J9.612 loO.472 1"_ • .. . .. 51.660 41.16!l 12.501 (c-{;) M.'" N.A. :14.612 ~ .... ( .. 1) N .. ..to . .. . .. .. .. .. 11.)44 46.19I )06.761 41.000 41.t7S 29.08' SS.456 47.2.11 '1.980 «·2) 1" ... 1I . .. p •• 1rr . .. .. 11.S6 7 (c· lS) « _12) 44.167 SO.141 ( .. 1) 47.m 41.917 56.1ll (c·l ) N ... J .... , ~ .... ro ... M.'" Ic.9) 41.960 n.4n ~ ... n.ooo ro.~ ,., 1" ... M ulr<> •••••• N.A . '2.260 52.260 (C·4) ~."" 41.128 '2.260 41. 128 '7.456 ~."" N ... "oril . . .. . 611.620 7S.'" (t·l) ".000 (e·22) 63. 4" IJ.OOO (t· IO) ".000 M.~ N ..... ~ C.",U ... .... 4l.8018 '1.1010 16.1" N.A. 69.7$6 41.808 n.I "I) 4.m ' •• 1"1) 61.1n N"t1~ 1)0\01' ( .. 27) ( .. !!) n.OOf OJ) 49.'''' U.,., 41.968 42.000 47.000 (c.2) m. 16.)16 ",n SI.500 « .. ) 47.4lot '1.792 N.A . ~.- 7 •• 748 ( .. 2)

OId.IM> ... . . . . 17.7001 ( .. IS) ".64 018.792 49.JIO 010,156 " ... '1.600 ~.- '2.500

""'" 41 .J52 '5.416 ~.'" ~.'" ~.'" ~.'" 'U16 )9.)96 ' 1.816 ~.'" , .... y ....... 0I0.9S9 61 .500 4." 52.000 l1.SJ' 19.218 61.500 (c.IO) M." ... -R_ lob ... . .. . 27.101 1 .. 1l) 4!.SloO ) 9.511 Ui.on '30626 5 1.599 ro ... ,~, So.,. Co.oIl .. .. 49."4 67.699 4'.000 5'.000 (t.22) n.291 5' .... ' (c.IO) 55.000 4'.210

s...I. I)ok" tl loO.222 M .... Ic· l $) )7 .440 (c-{;) ".~ 4'.219 )),280 48.7" ( .. 2) T .. _ .... 21.)12 « · I ~) Ic- IJ) ~.~ 11.640 26. IWi ".000 61.000 ~.- ).4.1 " n ......... . .. 4.~ 58.900 n.12O 71.1loO 5fi.820 ".475 M.~ ".9loO 67.160 49.lJ() UI .. .. . "1) .... 1 56.418 ( ...... , (c. 2O) 61.9)01 .. ~ '9.6" 4).)017 49.46.S (. - 1) ~' ....... ", .. ~.'" (c. IS) 14.199 (c-2O) 010.747 ".~ ~.8'1 J7.1.16 SO.I90 « · 2)

... I..p ... . ,,:8OO n.$71 ".l6S ('s.!)0 67.SOl .. ." 67,$10 7 1.100 17.90) 47.260 Waolll.ll .... . 71.000 SS .1OO (c"') ".~ •. - M.~ J9.624 41.800 28.751 WHI \ · i..pal. ~.~ 6'.000 '-I M .... . S.16O lUSO ~.,., ,=, ro ... ( .. Z) 1'1'10<11-.1 • . • 49.7loO (c'l) ".011 ( 5.W 51.17' ,-, 61 .SlO " .0)1 66.5.16 4).6" 1'1" · .... 1 .. 41.222 ( .. lS) (c· lS) ( .. U) 41.222 1'.717 ~1.222 40.14) 52.500 (c·!)

1>1,'. 01 Col , •• 61.978 6$.910 ".92.8 61.978 S2 .... 7 ""' 6!l.910 61.921 '1,)80 f>S.9loO A _rko. S. .... ( .. 15) (t· I') (c"') )1.611 ll.lOO 1S.09t )).000 lS.OOO (c.J) Cn • . . ... ... . .. (t·)) )oI.U8 (t·ll) (t·6) " .. (t·) l U)8 M.')8 ~ ... J I.OOO 10 ... MI " ", I •• (jjj) .... ».~ ""'l ».~ Ic_J) 16.5)0 (c'IO) ~ ... 17.800 r .. rto 1lIr<> . 12.000 ~.~ 1'.000 ( 2.000 ,.W ~ ... .... N.A. ~ ... _2.500 """' .......... 11.500 _1.500 29.019 )4.'70 J6.1 10 M.778 ".m 11.000 38.640 15.000

(c· l6) Ed..,.,;"" (dUfl .ule ,,,1I00I "m .... ) (c·)oI) '"blic ",ili.y .qul0.ion (c· 17) Employm<D1 ~ (c·lS) Publi< welf.c (t·18) Entfcy ."""' ...... «·16) Purc ... >i", ( .. 19) En.i. o.nnc.".1 ..,"'Klio" (c·H) R .......... (c·20) Fina ...... tc·J.8) Sotial ...... ioes !c-ll! ''''''.nd wildlif. «..)9) Solid ... ". ma...,...,. .. , c·21 c..-.oJ ..,.ioes (c-4O) T ..... P.':':':uticrn

(c·ll) H •• lth (d) R<SJ>OfI"bi(i';", .Iu..od by R~_ 01 , he llq>at1rnnu of Menl.1 (c·lot) Hip .... y. H •• I,b. SS2 ...... Ind .......... 1.C""'mis0i0n6 " I ,he M .... al R.tarda1;"" (c' lS) Hiotaric pr ........ ion Di>'i>ion "f.he .. me .,."." .,.",. 5:14.002. ( .. 26) (nouron« (., R .. po .. >ibi l~ ieo ..... od by [);'KlOO'. S62.S08. ond """.m Ad· (c·27) Labor OIi .... " .. ",. $S2.' .... of.he MenIal Health ond ~n' OisIbili,'" Ic·lI) Menul 1It.llh ond m&fd.liocr Di"oiOO'r of ,he Heal.h and Sotial 5en'ioes 1)opar1 ... .,,, . Ic.29) NOlural ,aouf<'n (f) RespIIfIOibililia .... ,.., by [);m:1'" 01 Ilq>allrncnl "I C""' ..... CO. (c·lO) 'Pa ,k. ond .«nllion $48.618. and Di. KI'" " , 0......""...", Di"oiOO'r. SoIO.(56. Ic·)I ) P"lOnne <!;) Rapon>ibj!j.,.,. ..... od by AMioI&D1 Di.KI'" o f Cotnrnuni,y \ .. 121 'I&nnj~ lIc ... vioral Hcahh Servica. ~n>mI <>f lIc&llh Scnitn. J.48.618. and c·ll) p.,... il DirKI",. Di!&bilitioo 0;,.;,;"". Doparuncm of Economic: Stcurit,. W.61'.

59

SELECfED OFFICIALS: ANNUAL SALARIF.S- Continued

<- .. -.- -, ...., St.,.. '" - -. ...., ,..~ "" . ..... ,,-Oi'" joIrildiC'fiotl -, ..... - ,,,.

"""~ ... , . ..... Htflil. ..... .. H"II""P "1._ •........ .. .. su .... In,ll! SoI6.TI6 sn.JoII Ul, .... tc.29~ IU, IJ6 196.168 114,749 m.a« A ...... ........ ~.'" ",196 ~.'" 66,116 u.~ 166,116 ~.'" 6UI6 66.116 ".." ArlI_ .•.• . ••. . •... n.'" ",611 36,922 ".61' ."," ~.'" st,111 ~.'" q."" ".." ""'.- ........... lUIO 61,162 ... '" 44,911 ''"'' SUI! 'M' M,nT M.'.' 1O.9H CIoIIf-.. ..••.. . •. . ~~u "", 1un lUll lUll ...... 71.2131 11.%01 N."" (e-oI(I')

c.ao.w. ........... ''''10 ..... JI.400 ..... (~12) H.' ''''' 71."50 ~ ... '''''S C~ ........ . )6,71) S2.~ ",n9 ~ .. , ... m n.m I'"" 66,'" '1,150 n.m DofI ..... .......... )1.000 , ... )1) ",400 " ... ~ ... 31.900 "" ..... 42.100 , ... Iltrilio •.•••.....••. to,oIZS ..... "..,. "..., ".m U.S6l " .... 37,000 " ... "..,. .,...,. ............ (<-5) ".550 "'.112 ~ ... SO.IOO ~ .... , .... , ~.~ IIl:!I,OOO "..,. II . .... ............. (e-51 ~ .... ..... ~ .... (e-9) 11,JOO ,e-1l1 ".- " ... ~.'" 160_ .............. 19.11' •. m ".w .. >', (c-9) '6.1_ ".." S7.OJl ,.,.. , ... .................... )1.000 ",000 (c·291 " ... ~ ... " ... Ie") 65.000 ~ ... "..,. 1_ ............. 21.67' 4).)1' lUll 41.JJoI ".., 2"'71 (c"l 47.'501 N.'" 47.1'" I." . ............... 32,400 ..... ~ . .., ~ ... f<:.· Il) JI ,IOO "'" ~ . .., .. .., 'I.'" h _ ............. 17.'" '9,lIO n ..... " ... 'M' 4),910 'M' H.' H~ . ,..., 1' .. ,,,nJ ........... 44,100 ~."" ~."" ~."" ~."" '7,JIXI (o· lO) 7UllO n.lO) ~ ... ........ ~ . JUS4 41 .&.11 '1.'&.1 ~ ... ,..0, l2.166 (e") 6J.m 71.419 49.911 "'01 .. .............. 19.)10 )l,lI0 lUll 41. 246 41.:46 41.l46 (0·10) ,,~ ,,' (e'1 ",..,Ia ... ..... 39.100 """ ~.JOO 51.500 (e·ll) SI.400 "."" ~."" ~."" ".1 1IoI __ .MtI . .. . ...

~.'" Jl.S69 sun 61. 4\12 (e'" 42.461 (c.)6) "'.S" ~ ... '0' "'1t*"I- ........... )).916 4),611 .... .... (c·9) (0-l9) (0-9) ~ ... 40.119 , .... "''-. .......... 0.09 41,169 S9.'''' ,., ~ ... ".lll 'M' S9.n4 S7."IIl 61.471 "'.......". .......... U ... 41,000 ..... n."" , .. 29.116 '1 .0'1$ ",., N.". " .000 MIMMfI ............ ",., 46.104 B."" H."" (e") " ... (e"l 62.100 61 ,1110 " ... -,_ ............ Z1.s1. lUll! )I).l ll JUS7 "."" C,''' lUH " ... ~."" N ....... ........... 'e'S) )11.641 36.012 42.m ,~, 6J.6U (c'" ".112 H~. 51,140 N ..... ............. lJ.loI7 4l.1QI) ... '" (o- Il) ... '" ,,- 4UB n ... '<AO) N ... "-"," ••.•• "" 50. (4) ".<I' (c .. , 41.9" (e") ~ . .., 32.919 56.U) N..o Jonr, .......... ".lloI ".'" " .... " ... (c ... , ... '" 'M' " ... " ... ,,... 1\ ... Il0l . ............. U.W ,,- 12.160 12.160 S2,16O "."' '2,160 ' 2.160 40.121 JU60 I'!i ... v ..... (o-S) C,"21) 7'.'" 19.')) (N9) 19.4" " ... (c·161 ,,..,. N ... _ C .... ·. :,; :::::: l1.Mfi n.m 11.904 (e.29) ,.·9, "11.216 ... '" M.'" lll.OOO 67,)1J N .... o.~,"" ....... JU76 49,910 , .... 11) . ... "" 'l.lIN (k~1 " ... 16 •• n.ooo 01010 ............ .. . J4.40J Sl.4S6 ~.- 61.006 I''') J9,9" 10-6) 6II.lI5 11.,81 "..,. 0 ........... ......... . ),.OU )).7lo1 )9.1" 17.7001 S ... 96 U.W S6.714 8O.7H I6.S8O ,,-40) o..ao . ......... ... . l1.Slol S".16 ",416 ",416 Ic") 51.776 ".4 16 ".'" Is,02O ".236 ...... ,1 ..... .. ...... n.,,) '1.'1(10 oIO.1lS9 ".000 ".SIIO ,~, '1.500 '1.500 .... ,-, II_I .... ........ ,e·S) }I.m ( •. }4) ,..,99 47,170 lO.m n .5GO n,}47 71,'" it-olO' Sooo"c...IIu .....• 4),)1)) ~.m n.7)) 61.219 , .. 61.911 ".197 n.,. M .... .'" ... ,_ OokMi ••••••• JI.OM 11.'50 )1.171 11.114 ~ ... ..... Ie ... 41.'96 S9,'19 ".,..9 T_ ........... n.'" n.'" " .... .~- le-61 ".000 '1.000 •. ~ m." ,-Tn. ............... 41.m n.6JO 60.91' ".no ~ .... ".- 6UlO M.'" Ueo_ ............... 56,41. 41 .m 11,'" "'.476 !l.lSQ 41.'" 'M' n-", M." , ... \ . ..- ............ 11.166 40.1'1 ".6JS U.61S 40.747 1I.500 'M' ~.'" N.A. ,-\...-............. ~.m ~.~ .... " SI.' 2O 1J.m ...... 59.no 14.1904 76.JlI U.,,.. \Io'.~ ........ U ... 11,136 ' 1,600 71.000 K." 61.100 ''''' 71._ 6.1.'11 "..,. Wno \ . • ...... " ... ~ ... 65.000 '''OJ "."" ».", " ... ~.~ " ... 41,5110 W ....... ........... )1,"1 ".000 ~.'" JI.ll' ~ .... ».'" .'.410 61.11lS '1,120 ~ .... W,.-.o& ........... 29.71' )9, I6} "'''' 42,161 le·ll) M.O> 1,-61 SU17 ~ ... ".J"

0100 • • r Cel ••.••. 65,9lO ",9lO ~.'" N." . , .... ) 63.9lO 6.1.9)0 (hhh) 61 .97' "-'.So_ ~ .... J4 .• ji

~ ... 21.361 I'''') " ... " ... 1'.5114 li'l) ~ ... c.. . .......... :::. }4.IJI }4,IJI 14,118 ~.~ I~ (e~) 36.111 4Ull lUll Nil. M ...... lo.()Jil. U.~ ( .... 11) ~ ... .. ... ". ,e,,) ~ ... .. ... " ... I'~. 1UeII ••..•••. 1l,000 1'.120 ~ ... . ... , .. 10-29) .... ~ ... ~ ... 1'.000 v ..... I ....... ....... 27.614 n.171 ~."" ~ ... Ic"'. 26 ... 7 .... "I.m. • 11.000

(a) Rapoonlbllid .. _~ s«' .. ary. o.p.n_ IIr $otvtcn r.,. ChiIdnD. VOIOLh. ill n...r r '. ''',000, andS«. .. ..,..Il<f*n_ ~ HoaIIlo .., SodoI s.mca. $60.000.

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"'H~.$}4."". (P) ,_,hi'i' .. _Ioya..t' . ....... ~l>-.IlkoIoII. m .•.

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C_""uioooor, ~01 Oisobili!ioI. Domoon. Sl9.S20. boOb I. Oo-pan_ o( MtnoaI II .......

(,) RapoNIbilio"" _ by DIre<o",. Mono: ~ Ilt!-I_, -"'2,600, and H .. d 0( Pft_ ..... Oflkt O(SU~ CoonpOroI .... 11'.000.

(.) lIaponolbIJ,,1n .... ,.., b, DqMr ............. -",!l' 0f1'I0r IIr M ...... H .... h. S7'. I96, and "-bt.o .. S<a<oary, Of~ or ...... II .... • dotir:MI. SOI,960.

00

SELECTED OFFICIALS: ANNUAL SALARIES-Continued ..... .,

1IdN>nc ~ .. ~. ,

.-~ -. ,~- "'.'W,. - "'" ",Iwr jf<riJdimOll ~,~ ,~- ,- """"~ dtI,,,,,,

-~ .. ""'""" ~..;'" -, ", .•. -.......... "'MOO sn.'" ,n,1« '" 'H ...... Sl4"~ S61,U2 "'.~ "' ............. ~ ... ~ ... 66.116 .., ... ,,' 66.116 ~ ... ~."" .., ... ~."" "", ........... . 23.123 010.456 ",)65 k.a: 5),297 16,922 41.611 010,156 U .'" ""'no. . ........... 21.281 ~.'" n.J99 39,496 01\1,4112 n.066 s,:'" SUM C.lllo •• I • .. .... . .. .. 11,1111 71.207 Ii) (~· l.) til M." M." ~ . .., (e-WI

c_u '2.5:10 N.A. M."" 601,'2' .. , 71,nS ".680 6oI ,ns (c.,) 51.121 C __ ...... . . ....... ll.9S0 "W ".786 U .'" '" «"') J6,lZl S2,268 4l.'m ~.'" ~ .... .... .. ..... 42.600 ~ .... ~ .... ~.~ ,., l19) n.~ U .... ~ .... I'IoIMI ••.••..••.• . • 44,nO (e .... ' 56,NI J'.416 $SUOO .~, U .... .9,600 t ... " 37,000 ("_&10 .•..•..•. 010.21' (0-12) ~.~ . 7,", .. . .., to- ", 41.~ 64.'ul Ie-') ",000

11 •• .01 ............. {c·m U.'" ... - (c- IO) '0' ... - ~ ... ... - ~ .... ~ ... 'UN .......... . . . . 42,'10 ,. ... 15,000 l'.~ "' .'.01'0 jO,91O (c-'O! 42,'10 1111 .................. ".000 U.OOO '5.000 ".000 ~ .... '2.000 , .. 111 , ... , 61.0'» " .... l IMN ... ...... . .. 2UOl H.116 lUll l'.'J2 '" 41.154 ll.606 '1,!154 lUll 41.'54 1 .. - ........... ~ .... n._ ~.". n._ u.m n.,., ,,' " .... '1 .000

"-_ ......... ".~ ,. ... ,e.17I ".~l ,e· l9I ' 1.261 54.120 , .. N ..... IW.' II<~) .... " .100 '1.500 ".". JI._ ~.~ ce· 191 H.OOO ".000 , ... , '2.000 IAoohl ... ........ 41.&.11 fIO.l6I ~.~

11.6i6 ,., SI.'S! . l .... 1 ~.160 010.061 Ce·91

Mol .. ...... .. .. 29.)10 lI.'" 41.2-*6 ,., ,<· 19) 14.091 ' 1.1.66 36."1 14.091 M • .,I.od ..•.. . •. J9.6OO n100 ".500 M.~ ,., ... ~ S!.400 ... ~ M.~ " .... M • ...., ........ . . . . Jl.m ' 2.461 19.06< )6.1)<1 )<I.'ll 46.1'70 ,.."1 ~.191 (e. ll) " .... Mit_Ca •• . •.. . . . " .... ".100 ".100 " .... 70.100 4Mal 43.6111 1'.000 60.000

M.~ MI._I • •...• . . . 1S.000 S9.n' '9.17' H.W 16.961 S9.n4 ~.'" S9.n. ~.701() M1Mlul,,,, . n.ooo " .000

62:100 '" 41.B6 1'.299 U.W n.112 " .000 MI_oi ............ ~."'" 19,290 "'.4Sl 76.500 62.100 19.290 .... n te.91 M." Mo., ... ........ . .. . 21.ll! 11.000 ... ~ ".M> ,,' ~ ... 3O.m 11.\101 10·111 " .... 1'0 ...... ... .......... 19.2010 .. "" , .. , n.'76 ,., " .')6 ,.·11) N.11l 11.016 11.000 N ..... ..... . .. 30.679 lUll 1l,S" SI.IIU ".16) ~.'" 41.79'7 '1.000 N..- II •• """," ..... , .. 29) "'Ill lI.nl ".660 36.1)1 '1.'11 " .6s) J,.om ' 1.9M 1'0 ... J-, .......... JI.2" "' ... " .... (e" ' 1 '''' 61.11D ...... )9.11) " .... ~ .... 1'0 ... Iok.u.. ......... ~.- JU1, ".910 ll.260 "" SUllO )9.17' .... st. 1'.500 1'0 .. ".,. ,c-lO) 1S.'" 79.'J' ( .. 11 , .. , , .. 191 n." , n ... s (iii «·m Nott_ c_ .. ..... . IS.9IO Sl.IoIO ".140 ...... SI.I40 ".760 S'.I40 N.A. ".1010 ,>;ott_ DU .... .... . .. 1M" ..... ~ .... " .' 16 66.~

».1" 2l.696 Ce-III '" 0I0Io ............... 101. .... ".1010 '1.'" C"'''') U.", 46.176 n.m ...... 01.10100", • •..•. n.!»l ...... J7.500 \ l1li) 46.1 1' ..... ...... .. .... On-to . .......... lJ.~ ....... '2.116 (e· IO) '001 '1.176 n.n. .. .... 'S.'1' ...... ~ •••• ) h .ni • . . .. . . 19.111 '1.000 ~ .... J2.m '..,00 Ce-191 )7.'" 19.11' ".000 ".000 1t ..... 1.a ••• • •••• 11.17' 14.'72 ".!56 2'.(9) Crr) CO. 19) 11.461 19.'11 J1.500 ( .. ) SooMI_ C.,oIl .. U .... 61.766 ' 1.111 ,II ) (e-181 n.llZ 56.17' ~.m 61.76' ...... t. lhoh, • ••••••• ll.9o'1 n.on ..... ..... (uu) )<I."' 21.'19' 'J.6IO

~."' lI.S6J

T.M_ ........... 12.961 S,.OOO SJ.OOO 12.961 'S.OOO ".000 19.191 ".000 Ce· U) 'h ... ......... . .. .. . ~.~ 60 . ." ".000 7UI0 le·lI) SUoo 61.96S tJI.~ ........ .. .• " .1 .6)(1 ~.~~ 41.0)4 'U, Sl.611 " .H1 .... SU « ·91 Jl.606 , ... _ ............ 21."7 I" ') l J .')6 C<..l) .... - ce· l9\ )1.')(; 40.741 42._ U,006

n ...... ........... 1~·29) I .. ') 12 •• 14 " .16C 7 •. '1, 'l.9)4 ".730 ~.'" Ce·91 4) .'JO "' .... '-<1, .. ....... 41.600 ) 7.20(1 U ... ".011 '''' ,~.- ~ ... ~ ... (e·201 J1.2O(I "' .... " irpoIo 2'.100 1'.000 ~ ... « ·Il) ' S.500 .'.000 ~.~ 'J.OOO ...... "'_ ........ 36.117 41.lSO 10 .... ' SI.OO2 lI.n. 71.'" fi .... ".~ Ce-'I ".I~ "'., ..... C<' lO) ll.464 1l.1J7 U.'" 40.1 41 .I.m 36.'" 'U20

IJhI •• ' C ........ lI.OII S2.W co·111 '1 .... , n .... 1 'U1I ".930 ".930 M.9lO ,,_.s._ II.I'S :'.000

~:Ili 11.916

I~ 11.000 J U oo (e· ISI U.OOO

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"1 Il.pfn ... Qnl~. m;,,; ..... ion: S, ... lIud ... Admlnl", ..... 01 ,II< Bud ... Oivi""" wilhln lui fI_<lbitil;" ."",od by Di,oco .... 1Iu, •• u 01 M.n,.1 Ilnhh. 11>< .. m< do-par, .... "' . lisood _ Bud~: Aoodj,,,,, of Public AOXO\Into.

UI.O%.lnd 1)0 .......... II .... MI 01 M.",aI R ... , d."on. $lI.096 ij"od u",,"," P ........... il: .nd5r: ... T.. oarmiuionn- 01111< 0. ... " .... '" (v) '_o.ibil;' ... w,~ ~ Dmctoo . M .. ".I ...... ,- • DC . ........ iltood u ...... T ... IIo<o.

l)<-.oriopnrnoll Di .. b;I)oies. "1 .400. and Di~ot. M.'Ual lly,;. ... "d· (bb) ~bililies u..,od by Commiulontt • .... bor ()opul ........ ",.roi .. ,II_. "'7.101. s-oo.oeo •• nd Cln k. C_"" ...... or IrrorlII$I.ia/ . dao ••• pf1 dimo.

C"I '-Wbo~Iio>.a..rod o'r Soa ... .,.. i 2l ...... . ond Cornm .......... (ccl ~ia oIwomI by 1)ir-oQoo. ModiaI s.r-. 11'.'10. _ $)4.SS7. or IN ~_ ""'bIic W ... b . DirKo.... roar or MtfII&lll<tlld&ljoa. 14l.120.

c. ) '-WbiIM ... >/wod by EMa>o,~ o.~ot. PoII",_ C_fd (<Id) """_.-. lrlNtw Il ............ DircaotoiStaotCMIDtf ...... AanICY. $)9.71' . *"" u..a..iot ow ......... E._II QIIaIify Boord. $I JI..lSJ...,.. I. I.IIodoo loland. Choi ..... of _ 01 EkaioN.. nlw...,.. 144.')<1. ( .. ) lnpoft ..... lilia .... 'od by Oi~ .... Ekaioru DiviWooI. OrpIOi .

Iy) I.~litla "'"'"" by o.r ..... oo . 1lqIu1_ or MftIoIIII .... ~. ...... of 50_. U6.166.. and EOOCIII"", Oorcd .... a.....- ....... W_ 1)<1.000. '""" Dit ....... M .... alll<t ...... M>n 0. ........ i n,I40. C_ .........

Id R .. ~bitio ... .a.a.odby Ad ........ ,.. ... . ... kIM.1 HfaIoh 0.""",,". (ff) 1.~1io ... ""'''' by Oi_or. Mnltol Il ..... h It Ibpnal. n9.l I0. on.! Adminioo""", o.-<k>pmrnool DioabiIioIfS Droo\JIoII, uo,m. 0."'-. "'1 .IlS •• nd PI, ..... ot. M .... alll<-t.,dol..,., Oi..;.;o". $".910.

(III lI~o.il'il il iot .... 'od by III< fol"""",* adrro.ni .. ,.".~ offICial" boUI ill ,II< DrpIOI....,' 01 Il ........ s.r.iots. o.~", 0 D<ponrnmo 01 Admin"" .. ;'" SnYlCn. ~"od y"",", "'d· Iu) fI .......... biliI ... ollar ... by CIoof. ).krlt.l lloalih B .... u. $l9.000.

61

SELECI'ED OFFICIAlS: ANNUAL SALARIES-Continued fll<bli< .... Willil,

_. StOIC .,.. ,.. ~ .. ~ ~ .. - ""'" --- StOI~ T,./UPOI"'

Ollwr}ll_'- -, ,- ... - ...... _w - -, ,., .. ,~- Illii/IIo

A ....... ........... (e-12) "' ... ,",'50 ", .. S40.IJ' "' ... (e-lS) SJ7.123 "' .... "2.8<18 1)7,232 .uuu .............. H1 .0e0 ~.~ ~ ... ~.'" (e.ll) ~.'" (e·23) n.~ ~."" ~.'" 66.'16 Arllou ............. 010.456 ~.m <18.'1' ,~ 010,4" n.411 $41.61 ' (c- I9) n.m ~.m M.m ~ ....... .... 11.764 ·n.1l7 ~ . .., ,WO, 21.066 50. 1010 ~ .... (e- I9) 44.no (c-JO) ~'14) CalIf ....... ........... (e-l2J '1,901 14.751 (e-ll) n •• n."" 7I.107 74.751 I).Jll B."l , ."" (:-..0 ........... (e- Il) '1,421 4." (c-Jl) n."" 67.7" 0 .... ".'" ..... H.I:.t

64.9n Coto-u.. ......... (c-l2) )9.721 56.'19 ".7116 49.J79 n.la H.'II6 19.m ".7116 n.J09 DoIII_ ........... (e-ll) ll.500 ~ ... '5.500 JUDO ~ .... ,., N.A. .7.500 N.A. 00." .-- ............. 41.500 41 .600 56.L2l 11.:m ~.m " .... B.5OO ~ .... '9.400 ~ ... M.m GtorcD · ... ····· « .lJ) n.ll' " .000 '1.100 H.) IO ".500 (e-m ~.~ ~.~ G .... M.~ n._ ............. ~ .... ~.'" 41.no ~ .... ".w ".- ".- (e.l9) (e-lS) '0..90 " ................. (e-12) 41,1" ~ ... 47.MO ,,-'" ~."" 41.910 )6.L1O SI.m (c- LO) 61.900 1111 ................... «·Ill 47.004 65.000 " ... (e-6) M." 00." ,.", 00." (e· LO) " ... ,_. (e-Ill 1l.604 41.'" 4U3<l (e-6) 41.55<1 (e-lS) ~ .... n.SS<! )2.6001 41.116 10" . ............... (c·))) {e-10l ...... 40.019 ~." ~ ... (<-19) "."" 12.CW8 ~ ... ""- ............. 1<· lll 41.161 N."-. 42.876 *.IL6 ".'" 61.n1 « . 19) ." .. 17.~ ".&20 ~ .... , .~, 4'.100 n.loo ~ ... '1.500 00."" ".700 41.100 '5.600 00."" 00."" ~ .. ........... (e-9) <18.712 61.H' ... ,. , ... , S2.)66 (e-n) ..... '2.000 4J."'1 ".4So1 .-.............. (e-12) 14.091 ..... .... )4.09L JI.'H (e·m (c·l9) >6.<181 (e-IO) 41.246 "'...,... ........... SI.~ '2.091 51.500 (e-Jl) 41 .141 (e-12) ~."" .. ... SUIOO 41.600 ..... "'_ .... 10 ....... Ie- Il ) n.41() 19.~ ,..", .1.*7 ,.."7 n.m ~.'" "'.no 1).}69 6l.492 MIcIIltu ........... (<-JJ) n."" (e-)I) U ... '1.000 64.100 (e-19) 64 .100 U ... 64.100 "'1._ .......... 57.'" ".017 " ... 47.(11.1 * .," 00." " .961 ".'" 30.)6) n.m ~ ... "'1ahoI"' .......... Ie-Jl) n.ooo ~ ... 4S .000 ~ .... " ... (e-lS) 'l.tIO ~ ... 21.008 (e-I') "'_ ... <-12) ~ ... 62.100 H.lSt " .4n ~."" ~ ... ll.70S '9."1 19.290 (<>14)

"' ...... ............ JO.m Jl.>61 (<-Jl) n.S71 "."" "."" n.", ".1107 21.'" JO.m N ....... ........... 'M' '2.0204 25.740 , . ., )6.0;S1 ...... ".110 (<-19) 41.22' 29.171 (e-:.t l N_ . , .. , 11 . .,1 41.601 4j.9IO (c.22) 41.091 '1.4'1 (<-19) 19.111 ~>~ jl.l6O N ... JI •• ..,w.. ..... , ... , 41 .911 56.lll 44.161 42.UI 56.m 56.1ll 29.9tJ 41 .911 41 .911 (e-204) N ... J-r .......... ,. •• ·41 ~ ... ,..tIO jUIO 'I.US ~ ... 56.1001 M.I:.t '2.110 ~ ... N .... ",~.u.. ......... '1.471 )(;.161" ~ .... JJ.110 41.412 '2.160 40.121 \c·l9) 'U60 41.111" H.l6O N .... v ..... .......... (e-Il) (<-16) 19.' lS (e-H) (<-U) 'M' 79."j «.19) 79.41' «.10) .'.000 N_C......, .. ...... «.11) S).0'I6 ".1010 .. ,~ ".024 ".1010 '1.112 12.120 '1.192 41.101 ".1010 N_ 00.01 . ....... OJ' 31.500 ~ ... 64.2<18 N~. ~ ... l'.JS2 42.600 ".960 lU20 40.156 0I0l0 ............... «.1 ) 4'.526 61.006 (c-11) 47.140 il.1U ,..,9) 1l.lH '2.991 n.SOI 65.769

010:10 .... ,.", 19.996 n.l4O Ie-H) q .... n.ll2 M.~ ~.~ 49.1" ,."" 00." Ottao . ............. 'S.6OO 61.ln S'.416 ".600 H.416 61.Ul 19.196 H.'16 19.)96 61.ln ,..,..,1 •• 010 ........ ,0<, 11.609 4UOO H.OOO (c·22) ,.", '''' ~ .... 61.500 (e- IO) n.ooo 11 ... 1 ...... ........ :.t.I'" 'I.'JO '1.,:\0 11.SOO '1.S56 47.j7() 'U16 21.11. M .... 29.:.t1 H.616 SMI. C .. oN .. . (<-11) 012.'204 50.'10 (e-H) JI.lM SU66 67.090 Sl.J.f9 ,..4'. ,,-'" (e-:.t)

SMI. Oak ... ....... n.M)

11.'91 29.112 41 .S" " ... ~ ... " ... (<-'9) ".114 ~."" "."" T .. _ ........... ".W " .... ".000 N.~ '1.000 )2.640 H.d '1.000 '1.000 S'.SOO TaM ........ (c·12) ~ .... '5.610 (c-Jl) (c-12) « ·12) ... "" 47.790 M." 4'.7)0 (e-2<l) lh .. .......... (c.lO) ".627 ~.m *.4)7 41.'JO ~.141 S9.6lS ".'" ... ~ ~.~ ' •• 9M V"--I . (c.lO) 11.J.46 49.lS0 4).992 ...... 41.16) JO.S14 ~"" ~.'" 42.911 " .61'

vloP ..... ··· .. ·· .. · (c·ll) ".116\1 , .. , ,.", D.'" 67.414 62.716 JI.UO Sl.169 39.m 7Ul1 w .... ~ ........ 00 .... ~ ... '''' 11.116 61.100 «·ll) ... ~ M." ... ~ 11._ W.,. V ....... ,.", 'Ull oIl.?ll '5.500 19.000 41.500 17.'lS ...- 41.500 'S.OOO 21.111 ~ ........... ........... 42.'52 " .... jl.OOO (e-18) " .... 63 .... 1 71.1U JO.4)4 ".'" " .Oll 66.0011 ~.,.IIIi .. ........... (c-lJ) ... '" ~ ... 41.161 41.142 *.'50 (<-lSI JI .JOJ ...", 14.S90

0hI. of COl ......... (e") 6UJO 61.911 6'.9JO n."'7 65.9JO 6HJO 61.91' 6UJO N.A. 6S.tJO A __ 5o_ 19.1106 Ie-D) 11.50)

(O:iJi 1'.000 H.ooo " ... )).000 c. ... .. (e-9) ... ", 21.000 (<-") (c.(o) )(;.IJ' (e.;I4) )6.IJI ..... ~ ... No. "' ...... 1'.(0) .• (dJ) 1l.601 III.A. M." ,,-'" 10.091 (c.:.t) ,."" ~ ... (c-:.t) """"'0 1Uco ......... , ... , 16.]61 JI.ooo (0-)1)

24:110 ll.'" ~ ... 2l.m 21.041" '2.000 1l.896 '·IoP. 1>1 ..... (e-Il) )(;.'10 27.m %:1.061 ..... ~ ... JI.640 11.!IOIi 14.71)

.Dd Chitr. ~'al o; .. biti,1oo Bureau. 11'.400. H01Ol'/I. '''.017. ond Oiru1or. Oepon ...... , or Mmtal R .. &rdallom. ClIh) ~>iIoredby~.Offlooof_ H""". W.l69.

"S.OOO. _ Com ............. MC1M.1 lItIardalion A ~101 (M) IInponoibili,1n _ "" Oirm.or. 104 ..... 1 HcalIh ~_. [)ijabi~'i<o. 531.000. SI6.7)6 •• ad [);ru1or. ~101 [)ioab;1~i<o Scrvioet. ".lOO.

(ii) No ","",raJ plottni .. qftICJ'. IIupanoibilili<o otwcd ~Ihe (00) Rcsponoibitl!In >iIored by Adminduatot. _ Hak~ DMAon. Oopan ..... u of Com ..... ~. 51., ••• Dd T ............ 'Iom. ond the 01. 5SS.416. ond Iuoito ... Ad ......... ot. MrnllI lIfIordoIian A Drvdopnten. £naIY om .... ,,'-0 = ....... ".6d.' .. 1arIn ....... f..,... lhe 1101 DUobililicf s.ru..o. 545.600. mid· 10.000. to ,he mid· .000.. (IT) R"""",,,",bilki<o "'-ted by EMaJ" .. Di«cIot. f".u. CorrImi<&iocI.

W) R"""",,"bilhleo!hated "" Dirftlor of tho Offloo of M.~ Sl9. I'. ond ElleaMiYe Dirftlor. 00 .... Contmi<aiool. 512._. _ ~. SS7 .204 •• ad E>o<uti .. B~ A...tytt o( I'" .. _ ofT ..... ('I'll ~bildln "'-<I by Dqtuo:,~ ror Chlldml. Youth. $41.116 •• ho Oiru1or or M.~ .Dd Blldact it 10100 .~bIc for " l1trif f .... ~In. 54'.500 .• ad 1); ...... ".. Ofr .... of Medical A ............ tho "'netion Pt-o·A,.~h. SS2.~.

(U) ~""bi"tloo otwcdby Dire<:tor. omc..of BlldJ<! AM ........ en) It~bi.itleo oIuomi by DiItttOi. M ... ,al Hcallh. 1I .. udAti<>n ..... t!. S57. • IlItd Diroc!". of h'''iluuon •• sal..., nor .¥ailoblc. A Hoopi! [)cpor\nlcllt. $$1.619 •• ad ",-"",to OU ..... or. RetOfllo!;""

(II) lI __ bi~tln .Iuored by III< LqIoIoti .. BudJ<! AJuJI'$! .fIII Scoiea. $oI.J>I4. A...til<ll. In.')6, ond tho SW. A...tkor. W.OOO. (u) ~bi~"e •• _ by A...t~Ol GnIn"aI. SSUlG. ond 0.1'<'<-

(mm) R_bi~1n ,!wed by [);_. ~, 01 Mon,al '<II. llIIreou or Alldu •• $)1.500.

62

SELECTED OFFICIA LS: ANNUAL SALA RI FS-Continued

63

Table 2.12 LIEUTENANT GOVERNORS: QUALIFICATIONS AND TERMS

......... ................ A .................... . AriMa ....... . ArIc ..... .............. . e.m ....... . e.....- ............. .. e .. __ ............ . .-..... ............. .. I"""" ................ . GtorsIo·· .. ·· ... · .... ·· . 110 ... ................ . ,- ................. . , ....................... . ,_ ................ . 10 ... ... .

It ...... ..... . .......... . Itnt..rlJ" ..• ............ ............... "10 ... ................. . ",..,-10'" .............. .

"'----.. .......... . M ...................... . M __ ............ .. M""",","" ............ .. "'''-I .............. ..

"'_ .................. . NH ........ ............. .. N ... "' . ................ . N ... "_""," ....... .. s..,.,....,. ............. . ~!Ik ................. .. ~\' ...... ............. . Nen_ c.t.IIooo ......... . NoortIoDol_ .......... . ow. ................ .. 0..-. ............. . ~ ............... .. P .... , ....... ........... . .. ""', ...... ........... . s..,_C-.. ... . s..,_ DB ... .......... . T_ ........... . T .................... . U..- ................. .. \ . ...- ...... .. \1tpoIo ................ . \\ ......... ........... .. \\001 , ........ ......... .. \\ ..................... . \\'1001'" .............. .

M M

M

" M M M M M

M M

" M M

M

" " " " " " " " " " " " M

" " '10'

" M

M

A_.S'-O ........ ,U c.. .................. JO

u.£ ,,--, " , • , •

" • " • • • , •

.~ ,....,... -, -- -, , • , (. • , • • • ,

• , • , , , ,

, • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • , •

• • , • • •

, ,.,

.. ,

,

No. M_.. ... ......... ._:M:... ___ '-'-___ '-'-___ -'-P.no Itko ............ . \'lrJIoo ,.... ........... JO

(b) s--;,." _ foobiddao. (() c- • "'-rJ 0' ~ fI/ ~ Ul Md. '11. 121

A.%dOI \1966~ -.01 _ cd ,bao u.s. 01 ................ bJ a.a:nNIY.' __ , ... off""",. Cd) A ~ ...... '- bcIoIo ~ 01 fdofty ... __ 01 puIIIIo .,...

io .... di&lblc Lo ,ho oftlor t .... poriod 01 JD,. ... In .. "",,>'kIioto.

Table 2.13 LIEUTENA NT GOVERNORS: POWERS AND DUTI ES

SlQ/I '" 011 .. , j~risdkti""

AI. b .... . AI ........... . Arbo ... . "' ........ , .. C.l lf ....... .. .

Colol""Odo ••. COft~lno l ••• [)d . ....

tlGrkI • •. G«>,.Jo.

11 ... ·. 11 Id.h" 1111" ...... ladho_ I"" • ..

Koft '" K, . ,,,,,ky ........... . I .... wloi ••• ••••. />t .... . . . M,.,'""" ... M . .... h ... m . Mic.n,; • • .•. M I,,_," •. M I»I»ippl •. MI..., ...

M"al' '' ' . Sob .. ", • •••. S.··. d • ...... S •• [l I mp."' •• . S ... J ..... , .

S." />t .. i<o . 1'1 .... \ ." .... ... . N,," ~ C ..... I". NOrih Dok,," . Ottlo ...

0I.1.hom • . •. Onio" .. r •• ..., ........ M_ l oI.H ... Sou'~ C. roII •• . .

So~,~ I>okol. T • • ......., . T ........ . Ut. h .•.•. " . .. Oft '

" I .. hrd •. W •• hll . ' ''. W ... ' ·[. lInll .........•• "'"10<"."". WI'<I .. I,,_ ......•....•

A...nco. So_". Cu", .•..•.. No. M . rlnl to. ,-­" I<al_ '01 ......

,,""U M''''Mt 0/ ~u., "' ... ,,",,'" A~lltorify /'" '0 ..... _·. ".IN wM.

"- A-,,," & .. " AW6'" '0 ..... "'" 10 ~~/IN ",_"IN

!H""" rom"';tl"" roIl~llin bill, 4f.IiJ" dw.!;. edW-I'_" OIl' 0/ Ullt~

• • • • 0 (1)

• • o (b) ____ . (0) _ ----------_.

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Old) • • • • • • • • •

• • ,,' • 10

• IV 10 • ... • '"' • • • • • ------··--··--·-----_·---·-·-·--Cc)·------

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

• • • • * .. * (1)

a li) • . a U) * .. o (k) (I) a . _______ .. ____ . _________ .(C).---------------------.-.---------~----- « ) .. ---.--------... --.. -----

• 'm' • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ,., • '"' • • • • • ----_._._--- _··_(c) ___________________ _

• a U) • • • • • • • • • • ,0> • • • '''-----•

-------------:--• • • • • • • • • • •

• • • W a U) .• _ *

,n

'" • •

• -_________ ••• ___ • _ __ {cl ______ ··_····_··_·_· -------•.. .. . .•. .•• a * (.) ______ . _____________ (cl _· ____________ ·· __ ·· __

• •

65

LIEUTENANT GOVERNORS: POWERS AND DUTIES-Continued

s'Q'~ IN I>I~" j'''isdIniml A_b._ ...... . ............ .

Aruo .. .. .. A .... . . ... . . C.m"'ftll . .

c ........ ... . Co ..... tn' (1orI .... " .-. ("~ .. 1I . .... il . . Id ..... ..... . lIIiool> .•. 1""1 .... 10'"

l .. ... l.", ... ~y LG~i<IIu M.I ... ................ . M • .,_""

M ..... h ... " . ~k_I.,."'d) MI __ I.

MlosIooIppi ~I_ri

MO.'''o(d "'""",01<0(1") ,"i .. ad • ...••.•• N .... II ' '''P<I<I" ,~ .... J....,. .

, ..... Mun .. .. .. ,~ .... Vo .... . . Nott_ C.".U •• N .... _ Ihk", • . . OMo • •

01.1 ........ . . Or<t<>o ............ . P .... yl • • aIo R __ .... od .

So.,_ Coroll .. .

So.,_ Ihku' • •• T .......... . . . TU .. . . U , .~ .. . V ... ..,o., \ ', .. 1111 • •• • v.-•• hI ... ,o. \\,.,., \ " 11101. \\'k«>." • .............. ~·I'o.I., ............ ..

A .......... S ....... G •• ." "'0. ~.tlJ .. It . . r ..... O R .... ... , ', .. '. Islaod, ••.

Table 2.14

SECRET ARIES Of STATE: QUALIfICATIONS fOR OffICE

u.s. s.Qt~ M;~;",u", dll~" """", q. ,- ,~ .. ~ , ~ "

(1)-, " • • " • •

" • • " • • ~ , " " •

.. _----------_._- "-(1)--~ • , " • ,

• ~ ... " '"

" • • " • '" " • • " • " • T " • " • • ~ • • " • • " " • " • " • " " •

" • • " •

• • • • • •

• •

• • • •

• • • • • •

" • •

, , , , • , , , , , , , , • , '" , , • • • • • • • I" , • , • • , , , , • •

II •• E 21 • • • C<) ,

--------------------(0)-------------------• , " • 30 do . • , " • • • , " 10 d •• , " • • • ,

I" C')-

- (1)-

" • • • , - (.)-

No,,; TIl;' IOblt ",,,,aln. <On<Iiluliol>ll and ""u'ot)' """,i""", . .. ..... Mi .. i"'"",·fi .. )'0 .... "QualirK<l VOl ..... pro.i ...... m.y inf., addilioruJ mid<r><y and cicio.n· "'ip.«Iui ...... n".

K,)', I _ forma, PI""i";""', "uml><, or ~a .. not ..,....;rK<l. . . _ No formol pro.Won.

A- Appoin,ed b)' _ ........ .

E-EIo<ted b)' ."' .... (.) No _ . nary of .. ., •. (b) Addilionol"'locicU>molU" ,<qui~ . K .... II<k~~...., )'0"'" LoW·

67

(e) 0....... by joint bolloo of ..... ....al .... _ ........... ,.. ..... lnMain< and N .... H.."..,hi ....... '.ry ""'0 ~a ... In Tenness«. ,'\"~y fou, ) ......

(d) A _ "",,""'edof. frionyor .... ...,hor""bIk I""';' noI tliaj. bit '0 ,I>< orr ... for a period of 2O~ ..... ft ... ronviniotr .

(0) No f"":"'n ron";"ed of. f.lony ;' .~"bIt,o Ir<>I<I ""blit: ofr ... UD' . il final d, .. IIa, .. from ... Ie ".""",Iion.

If) No per ..... in def.ul, ... <011«101' and ..... odi.n of public """"l' 01 p,opon~ ,hall be eli"bIo,o publit: ofr ... , no _ ""''''''ed of. felonY .hlrll I>< <iilibk un .... ,noored 10 ri>il fi l 'IlO.

Table 2.1S SECRETARIES OF STATE, ELECTION AND REGISTRATION DUTIES

.....................

........ 0(111 •••••••••.•

... ru- ........... .. Afl< . . ... ......... . CooII' ........ .......... .

c........ .......... . c..-un.c ....... .. Otto ...... ......... .. n..w. ............ . c...po .......... .

• • • • • • • • •

" .. ·tillb) . " Ido" ............. , • IIM_ .. • . 1_ .............. . 10_ .......... "

..:- ......... .. K ... ..t.J .......... . ..-.. ... ....... . Mol . ............ .. 101." ..... ....... .. ..

• • • •

101 ........... ,10 ....... " MkWpoo ........ ... " Ml._ .......... . M~ .......... (~) 101'-1 ....... .. ..

M .. I... ............ • I'~. ........... • "'....... ........ . N .... .... ,..... ..... • N.wJ.,...,... ... .. • 1' ... 101 ........... .. .. . N ... la.,. ........ .. N_ C_ ..... . "' .... DoIr_ ....... • 0M0 ............. ..

Ol""_ ........ .. Ortao. ............. • ,.. •• 1)' .. 010 ........ " 51 .... '...... •••• .. _"CMoII .. ... SMo.' OM_ .,.... " T_ ........... (f) Tea .......... .. 1J'"'(b) ............. " "...- ........ .. . \·IrJIMo ...•...• .... . W ... ~ . .... .. .. . w ... "' ....... . .... . . \1-_ .......... . W, ..... .......... . ...... -........ .

K;y:

• • •

" -~bk (or """i •• y • .. . - 1"0< I'CJpOnllblt 'or """M.y.

• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

• • • • • • • • • • •

• •

•

• • • •

•

• • • • • •

• •

• •

• • • • • •

• • • • •

•

• • • • • •

•

• • •

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

• • • • • • • • • • • • •

• • •

• • • • • ., • •

• • • • • • • • • •

• • • • •

• • • • •

• • • • •

• • • • • • •

• • •

(a) U .............. wI .. l!lda O<! . of"" rqiM ... dDmnIlo. fo ..... and _'Pf<>r~ coo-porOliom.

(101 No_..,.of otOI~. Durin 1 .... .,.,l1li _ perl ....... II)' lieu' ...... ....... (el ... u .... 10 ~'. _"'~ .. Wtadil;'" _, or- ......... "'arta!. la ~ aad NcUub ........... ......., ... Mal 001 doai. _ ,NnrJ....,.._ ........ P«l*'fdIl)' .... _·."""" ... ·. om....

68

• • • • • • • • •

• •

• • •

• • • •

• • • • •

• • • • •

• •

• • • • • • • • • • •

• • •

• • • •

• • •

• • •

• • • • •

• •

• • • • • •

• • • •

• • • •

• • • • • • • • • •

•

• • • • • • •

• • •

•

" ,,' '" •

• •

• • •

• • • '" • ,,' ,,' ., • •

• •

• • ., .,

•

• • • • • • •

• • • • • • • • _ (d)

• • • • • • • • •

• • • • • • • • • • •

• • • • •

• • • • • • • • • •

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

• • • • • • • •

• • • •

I ! •

•

• •

•

• •

•

• •

•

•

• • • • • • • • •

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Table 2. 16 SECRETARIES OF STATE: CUSTODIAL, PUBLICATION

AND LEGISLATIVE DUTIES

SI.,~Df'

<>Ihr< jk,;>4kri<nt

""' ...... ... . AI ... ~b) .. . ",...., •• ...... ".100 ..... . . C.lifond • . • .

Colo ..... . . . CGnMflklo l l)fl.u .. .. Horid • •• • •. Goortl • .

Ih" .I~b) . . Id .... 11Ii",", . lodian. 1o" , .

"08", .......... . ........ ky .. o~ .... .. .. . Mol ... jlhry"' od

M _ .... " • . . . Mlthlpo •. MI._,­Mlw;lppl •. MI .... ~,..

Mo ol ••• . N •• "' ..... N, .H • ..... N." ,It",,..,,. N." J . ..... , ....

N." 101 .. 1<-0 . N." , ..... ~ .... .",,"b Co..,!i." No ... I)ok"" ~.

OI.;lahomo •. ...... ~ .... , .... "'. 11. __ hi.""

S ... "h c."'" •• . SotI lh 0 .... 0. r .... o<s ... . r.u •. U •• JI,(b) . , ........... .... . VI<JI.la . 1'1" ..... 1 ••• "" 1'1"<>1 VI.Jloi. 1'I"Iorn.,. • . ""yo .. l ... .

.......... 11. ....

K."

• • • • • ,., • • " • • • • .. , • • • • .., • • •

•

• •

• • • ,., •

• • •

• .. - lI.e'PO"';blt 101 Kli"I Y. • . • _ Noo .""",nUble- f .... _ i.i'l .

Ck<todi<11

• • • • • • • • • • • •

• • • • • • • • • • •

• •

• • • •

• • • •

• • • •

• • • • • • • •

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

• • • • • • • • •

• • •

•

• • • • • •

• • • • • • • •

• • • • • • • • •

• • • • • • • • • • • •

• • • •

• • •

• • • • • • • • •

• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

• •

• • • • •

• •

(I) In ,hi. rohurm only : .. II<>Ih """ ... ; H_ H"" .. , S_ s.mo« . \b) No _miry of ... , • . Qu,'" india'od .... p<flormed by 1 .. ~,<tUo'

' ''''''''''''. (C) II<>Ih """ .... dwin, ".i ... -.ion. (to 001 on mocl bill ..... 111). (d) Umi,«I ~poR>ibili' , . (t) I)j!l,ibu' ... . nd 1<1i • .....l0ll Ia,,·o .... ,", .. . nd ad mini."." •• '"""

ond ,qulalion>.

69

• •

• • ,., • •

• •

•

• • •

• •

•

• • •

•

•

• • • •

• • • • • •

• • • •

• • • • • • • • •

•

•

•

• •

! j • •

• • "J

•

•

•

•

•

• • •

•

• • ,., •

• • •

• • •

•

•

• •

'" • • •

•

,.J

H •

•

H

H

" ,., " Ii,

" 1101

H

H , HOI

H

•

• •

•

• •

• •

•

•

• •

(I) s.~ .. ch..,. of SI ... R..,.,..d, Comm;.""" .

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

•

• • • • • • •

• • • •

• • • • • ,m, • • •

• • •

• • • •

• •

• • •

•

• • •

'" • • • • • • • • •

I,) .uoporiflOd by I.", . I. Ma'11and. lion of ROCOId, ;',Iror: ",chi.;" . (hI C.t/W ... a nd ... " mOmbC11 of ",..,. .... al Iq;;,.u.,u, • . (i) COlI"''''' booh Il00 .... du,in. opec;a\,....;.,n. of IIror: It~""'"f" (I) U",il lIl .. b.;, .1«1«1 . (k) Only ,hoot maki". polilk.1 ronnib"'i<>n> 10 COndidal .. o. lilci.

COf/\m;!I<e>. (1) Bo&.11 of El<Cliono a nd Fi ... """ 0111)' . (nil fik< .... >io. II ....

Table 2.17

ATIORNEVS GENERAL, QUALIFICATIONS FOR OFFICE -"". ....""' . u.s. ... --- """'" ... ~ -~ -_. /otHt/tJlWIII ""- -... -" ~:::r - ..

Oi_~br ... ,- - - '-' -.......... ....... II , , A_ . ............... 'iJ . • A A~ .............. "

, , AlIoo_ ............... . .... • • • • c.IIf .... ............... , .. <oJ , ~ ............... II • • , C-- ............. " • • • " "

, ... -............... ; . T ,

n..w. ................. " , • • ~ ................. II " • , , ,

110 .. 0lil ................. • , A , .... .................. " • , • • , ........................ II • , • ..... ................. ,., • • ............... • ,,- ' jo' • • • , , .. , ... ;::::::::::::::: : , . ., • , • .......... ............... II , ,., • , , , ... 01 .. ..................

iOr~) ,~ "'0 ... 10" ............... o ld ) ' .. , • " M--... .. .......... • , MIdoIpo(I) ............. • , 101'- .............. " "'a. • T

, ............. .............. " "'" • 1011-' ............ , M-..o(LI ............. " • , , • , -"'.) ............. !lfo) ,., ,., , "'" .. ................. II • . ., • , .... "- . "Ii.) • • A Nc-w I ...,. .............. • • • A

1'1_ Modw .......... '" • • • , N ... "lOOt ........... '" • ,., , Nore~ ConIIIoo .......... " • • ,., • Nore. 00.011 ........... " • • • , ow. ................... " • • • • 01< ....... " • " "

, o.q.,. ... : :::: ::::: :::: • • '-"'- ............ " • , • • , _ ...... ............

" • • • • SMdIc....... .......... • • • ...... 00II ... ........... • • • • , r_ ............... ~ rouo ................... • • 1I .... ................... " "'" • • • , l_ ........... • VIrafoio ................. '" • "j) >0' • ""-....., ............. 't,' • "'a. • • • • "' ... , ......... ........... • 0' • "' ......... ............... • W, ... ", ............... • • • • A

A_SoI_ • A G ... .......... :::::::: A N . . ... _b ..........

·i. i<) , A

....... 1Uc. ............. • ,., ,., A VIrJIo ........ ........... • '" A

""'": TlIh .- ........ _i1"'iono/ .... _'"Of)' ~. (d) 0- ~. ~ of ~ 0/ El«r_ HJ Mel ",. "QooaIirood _·· .......... ..,...rot _dGOal.........,. .... ""_ ZUIA.2<M)III966~_-=-"'.a..U.s.""""""",, .... ""t.,~.-.. "" ......... ~O_.O<~.

(d .'" • _f ..... ".orioiooo: _be< 01 )'leW> _ opodrood. (I) A .... __ ... "'. 'dooI, .. _ ofpubli< ~ .. _ • . -No , ..... provitioo. W. 10 ,. oftlor t ... ptIIod of 10 ~ Ilft .... 0000V><t .....

A-AppoIM"'loy _. III No_--. ... of'~ ......... I0 ..... pobIicoftlor y,d E-Elea"'Ioy~ rusol ditdoor .. ,_ .. OW ............. (0' No ... "' ........ 1'ic:oIy ............. MIl , ... StoI. liar 00<1 ..... b< (k) No pa_ ill ... ' ........ __ """odiao or .... Wi<_

"" .. ~ed ..... ~ .... '1IiI~..allroacioa_ .. PI ........ , ...... b< ma.tok '0 puWo; off.,.: ... __ of I Ib) ' .. k .. 'IonaI .... <it ip rcqul .......... K ......... ,. ~-two 'dootJ' ..... , b< ~ ........ __ 10 cMI fi:al\Il.

,.. .... LooMoia .... Mi..u.lppi. U'IlI. w ... VirJlnio-ro-. ,.on. (i) A_-:.!t= 01 ..... SUpr ..... Court tel Oooom IIOtftntllly loy,.... t.IkM of 0111 ...... 1011 IIId ' ........... W Samr .. ,"ioM 01 ........ or • <OuII or _do.

III..-a tIM .... be odmllLed '0 prOO<lkc be'oro hi$bc<I ....... .

70

Table 2.18 A TTORNEVS GENERAL: PROSECUTORIAL AND ADVISORV DUTIES

"-' SlQ/~ IX

(}IMr i~riJdicliolt

A~liIorilJ '" i1lililll~ /o<:oJ{ f1'OJ«I'I/oOU

1~I<rWM MQl <USUI ill /o<:oJ{ Iotiil

A t-b . .... .. . A I~ • .. A.w. •• ... Arlo . .... .. Cali fon" • .

~ .. Co'~",""I .. 001 ....... . . tlorid.to ••••. 1AooJI· · .

1I .... i1 •. Id . .... ..... . 1ll11IOh .•. 100110"" 10" .

K ....... . Iri .... ' .. ky lo."' ••• .. "hi .. .... II-I°lll . ""

II-I ...... ~U .. " • •• II-Il<h'p~ 11-1 1. -.. I"I''''osIppi . II-l i . .... ri

11-100' ••• . S . . .. Iok. S •• ·H • . S . .. II ... p>loI ... . S . .. J......, . S . .. II-I .. ko . S . .. ' ·0 .... So" _ C ...... , ... . S ..... h Doko •• ~.

0I<1.~0_ 0. ..... ..... . P. nt'lt.-.,., • •. II~- .......... . s.,.,. h CaroIi •• .

S-,b U.h', h ....... r •. ", •. U •• h •. \ ... ",,,., .. \.,.J!., •. .. .. W.>Io' o • • oo ••• ""~ \·',J!n" "·1>< .. 0"' •. ""1· .. n>I·t·

A_nSo", ... 110·0 ..... . ri. n. h . P ... llo 111<0 . \."J!- "" o.d •.

A ,., A. B,C, D.F

A,'

0,'

, A.B.f , A. D.f

A.D.E.f.G fil>l 0,'

B.C.D.F A,O G A

B.C.f

/I./J.C. D.E.F.G A o

B.E. f , C. ,

A D.F.Glol

A A

A. B.E. f .G

' ,' A.G

B.C.f

O.C

'" A.I).<.1 , , A(h)

O.F.Glb) , ".8 .0,E.F.G

A

" II.D.G

8.C.F 11.010)

A. ' A

". II .E , A~z.; o~'n IMi.,' ... . a-On '«I ..... of ...... ""' . C_ On '«I.", of i<Ji"'.'Uf<. 1) - 0. '«I ..... of Iocol 1''''''''''"01. E_ WlI<n in ... , •• , ;.",""

A.O "1 0,0 o

A.O.E

o

o A.8.D.O

A.D.O A

/I. O.E

o

o 0,0 G A

B.C,D

/I. B.C.D.E.O A

B.D.G

A.B.C.O A

.'1 A

/1. 11. 0 .0

B,O.G o o

A." M

O,C , ,0 O,G o

A." A

D.G(b)

'.G A

/I.II.D.F 11.0.0

II.C.D 0,0

'" A.iI:E

F_ U""". «"I1.i ...... "' .. fo' >l>«ir .......... 0-0 •• ",,,,,,n ... ,io. of """" '" OIf1t, _~.

• _ II •• "U''-i'y in ..... . . - 000. "'" h.Y< •• '!>ori', in ",U.

A,O "1 0,0 o

A.B.D

D.FIb)

o /I. B.D.F

A,O A,O

A.D.E.F A.D.E.F

o

o B.O.F

o A

8.C. D

/I.II.C,O,E o

A. B.O .,' • A. B.C.D.f

A,O (0.1)

A A,O

" o

" A. O , O,C ' .0 o

" A,"

A o o ",' A

8.D.F o

" " ',0

A.' A:E

(.) I.oul ","""""'0" >0,..., .. pIt.,u,o of ."omq ... coul.

A

"1 o

A , o

A,G A , G

'" G G ,

',C

A.B.C.E A o

A,C A

G,' A

A.II.0.G

o o A

',C

O.C , G

A

A , , A , o

II.COI

A.' A.R.E

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • " Id) •

•

• • • •

• • • • •

• •

• • • • •

• • • • • • • • • •

• • • • • • • • • • • • •

• • • • • • • • • •

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

•

• • • • • • •

• • • •

• • • • • • • •

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

• •

•

• • • • • • •

• • • •

• • • • • • • • • • • • "I • • • • • • • • "I •

• • • •

• ('I • • • "I • "I • • • (i)

"I •

• • •

• • • • • • • • • • "I • • • • • • • • "I "I •

• • • •

'" • ('I • • • "I • "I • • • Ii) Ii) •

• • (b) em.i. SI.,"." ",.....,. roo <"OIIOUrr<nI juflsdi<lioft . 'i,h local _

7I

«<1'0". ,.) Onl, ,,·hr. '<QI>CUod by JO'="'" 01 "';".,u,o. tdl To I<ti"OIi.'o ""dernup. t~1 In "" ...... km .. i,h . ,and iufY .. ..,. tn Will "'<>"><CII'o." m.II .. or pr"""" _hen 'oq ..... od. IJ;I To Ioti.I.'UI<.' I ",1>01< IlOl ,ndividulI i<Ji.Io,OrJ. t~) II •• """"",mil iu,;!<Ii<lion " 'i,h .... ,« .• ,,,,,...,... (il No ,...1 ,u'i>ori' y. bu, ........ i ...... informally , .. ;....-. I.w •• , re·

" ..... of 1q,i.101U, • . ()) If lhr 10'''-110< .. mo.· .. 'hr d, ... ri<I ."o,ney for ""YO<.

----------------.

Table 2.19 AlTORNEYS GENERAL: CONSUMER PROTECTION ACTIVITIES,

SUBPOENA POWERS, AND ANTITRUST DUTIES

A __ ••••••.•••••.••••••• AIooIt...o •••••••••••••••••••••• AI1.to .. .................... . ... "'._ ............... . CoIlr""" • ••..•..•••..••..••.

COIOf1"IO • • ••••••••••••••••• <00_ Dol ...... .................. . ,- ............ . GootaIo •..•••••..••••.••..••

11 •• 1011 ••••••••••• _ ••••••••• ,.... . ............ . ,_ ..................... . , .... .................... . 10'" . ••• .

,.._ ... . .. KotIlar ...• . ..•.. . •.. . ..•• t..oIbi... . ..•..•...• !>hl .. . . . .................. . M.r,-Io..t . •.••.

104 ..... _ .. . . MItWJ- ...... . M-. ......... . MIooItooi!oIoI •••••••••••••••••• "'_ ....... . 104 .... _ • •• • N_ • . . ................. """ .... ...... . 101*" II ... "", ... N~ .. J..,.,. . . ... . ... .

N", Mw... . . .. . N .... y"", ..••.•.•.•.. N""_c........ ............. . N_DMIOI • .............•• ow. . .................... .. ouo ...... ................. . a.-.- .................... . r-,t._ ... ... ......... . ~I ...... ............... . SotIt.llc ........ ............. .

5000'~ Po~o .. ............. .. r .. _ .. Tu ..

~~:::: ... ::::::::::::: VIrPoo/IO ................ , •..• w __ ................ . ""'~~ .............. . ""~ . ...... . ... ,..-. .................. . A_s.- .......... .. N,.. Morill .. I • • ••••••••••••• PWflO Ritco ....... . \ '!rPo I ..... ..... ..

Km

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

• • • • • • • • •

• •

• • • • • • • • • • • • •

• • • • • • • •

• • • • •

• .,

A- H .. __ fMI'" .... horiIy ' 0 __ ... " 011 botwoIr 0( _ ......... ;.. OIIII~ "'~nnI ~ ... _ .. .... -.t •.

B-Ma,- _ _ ""- ... _ 011 boWr oI .... ~ .. _~ """" •. C_May.-.- .......... ~ 0-:.10, ~ cit ... ,.-la ..... 01 .... _AI ... ~ ... ;.. m;ovum. <iv\I ___ rcdonol 0< OIOI~ law

a _ H .. a""""'1 III .... . . • - 0000 "'" "" .......... ~ J in ., ••.

(0' In ,Ill. _II only: • br.-l pow<1' _ • liml,'" _ ....

• •

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

• • • • • • •

,<I ,,' • • •

• • •

• • • •

72

• • • •

• • • •

• • • • • • • • • • •

• • • • • • • • • • • • • ." • • • •

• • • • • •

•

• • • • • • • • • • • •

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ·,n • ." • • • •

• • •

• • • •

• ,,' • •

• • • • • •

•

•

•

• • • •

A • • ' .C

A, S, D S. C, 0 S, C, 0

S. C. DlIo) A. B. D A. B, C

A.I.C,D B, C, 0

A, B. C. 0 o

A, B, 0 B. C, 0

A, I. C, 0

B, C. 0 A, B, 0 ' .C '.C

B, C, 0

A, a, C, 0 A. a,C, O

' .0 H

A. a. C, 0

B,C. D A, I, Cld), 0

A, B, C. D B, C, 0

A, B, C, D

A.C A. B. C. D A. B. C. D

C. O B, C. 0

' .0 A. B, C, 0

o A, B, C. 0 A. B.C, I>

A, B, C. D A. B. C. D

'.0 /+.(I), B. C. OW

A . B.C, 0

A , B, C. 0 A , a. 0 A , B, 0

A . B, C. 0

B,C.D A, B, C

A. S(i), C. D

Table 2.20 ATTORNEYS GENERAL: DUTIES TO ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCIES

AND OTHER RESPONSIBILITIES

StQt~ '" athtr j~rlJdt<ttO~

.".1> ..... ............ . AI ...... . Atil."." Arllu,", C.llfo,nl •.

CoIo ... d .. CO. M<lltgl 1",,1 . ..... ' .... rid. ("~ .. I • .

11 .... 11 Idaho 11110 • ., .. . I.dl ••• I .....

......... ..

... ~.u<k~ .. I.o ul" ••• ..... 1 ... M • .., I . .... . .

M"'_~u ... u. MItMl on ••••••. MI,,_,o .\Ii" l»ippi MI"",.ri

.\to.'U' ... N.b .... ~. ..... . ·.d • ••• ... • 1'1 ... lI .mp>hl~ 1'1 ... J ..... ~ ..•.•.

1'1 ... M ... lto •••.•. 1'1 ... , ._ •••••••••• No ... Coroll • • ••••••• ," o .. ~ O. ko, • .. Ohl .. .. .

O~I.~o .... O"'1iO~ r." ... }.,u 'o . Mh<><l. 1 ... Itd ••. So~' h Coroll •• •.

s.,.,. h 1J.~o •• .. r ........... . . r" ••............. U •• h •. \· .... 0.'

A. D. C A. II . C A. B. e A. B. e .... B. e ... . D. e .... B. e .... B.C .... B. e A. R. e ,. , A B.e ... . B' . C ... . R.e .... II.e

.... B.e ....11·. e A . B.e .... B.e A. B.e

.... !I.C A. B.e A . B.e A. II.C A. !I. e

A. D.e A. D.C A. D.C ... . !I. e A. D.e

A. D. e A. 8 . e A. D. C A. II. C A. D. e A. D. e A. D. e A. 8 . e A. D. e A . II.e

A. 8.e A. D.e A. D.e A , D.e A. fI.e

n .. lnI • ..• WO'.' •• 'o • .•.. Wffi \ ·, .. In' • ••. "'10<0."" . W)·om'''_ •.

.:: ~: :: ~

A .... rIn. .. So",,,. So . M ori ....... r ....... Mlto .•. \·' .. 'n ,>I ... d • .

A. I .e A. !i.e A. D.e

.... D.C A. D.C A. II.C .... D.CtI)

A PPt· ... 1M

stQt~ I~ m ... i",,/ ~,.."

o (a)

• «.d)

" (0) " ('1

.. (.)

.. (., • (0)

(b.<)

(b.<) 0 (0)

(b.< •• ) 0 (0) .. (a) ., . • ,,'

(b.d) •

Ib.<.d) (b.<.d) ,,' • •

• • Old) 0 (0) Old)

0 ,0)

'" • '" ,., • ,,' .. (.) " Id)

_ (0)

" (01 ,,' o {.)

'" 0 (0) tc.f) *,,) ,.,

. (0)

0 (,)

• • •

• • • • • • • • •

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

• • • • • • • •

• • • • • • • •

A',y: A Def.nd " ... )aw "'hen <IIoII.naed Oft r«lt,.1 COfI""Ullonal 1II00011dS.

8 --Condu," l;,ip,lon on behalf of "0'. in f«krol a"" "'~ "., .. ' "" .. ". C_Ptowrut< "",ion ... ain .. o_~ ".1< in U.S. SuI"""'"

Coun.

• • • •

• • • •

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

• • • •

• • • • •

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

• • • • • • • • •

• • • • • • • • • ,., • •

• • • • • • • •

• • •

• " •

• • • • • • • •

• • • • •

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

,., •

• •

• •

• • • •

•

•

'" • •

•

'" • '" • • '"

(.) "'Uat""r ........ 1 ha, .xcI ... i,'. J.,i!d;"'iOfI. (b) In ""nOln <Ooc. only. «) w ......... "i •• Ioi:ol 1'<""",,,,'''' in.1I< oppt.1. (d) Ca. o,,?,o, on o ... n di><mi<>n . I~) In .... '.'n CO<In. only . m If au,horiz«i by.1\< IO'<fTIO<.

• • •

• • • •

• •

• • • • •

• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

• • • •

• • • • • • • • •

• • • •

• • • • • •

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

• • • •

• • • • • •

• • • •

'Onl~ In (<<1 ... 1 "" .. fI,. .. _ H • • ou,hoti.y in or ...

II) EJ,«pl ,. <Ooc. in ,,·h .. h ,II< U.S. AIIOfn<y i. fOp'""."", ,II< Qo"",nmen' of III< Vi'l,n lola"", .

• • • - Do<> not h .. ~ au,hori.y in .....

73