chapter 06 general anatomy and physiology
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Milady’s StandardCosmetology
Cosmetology: General Anatomy and Physiology
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
“Remember, you can earn more money, but when time is spent, it is gone forever”
Zig Ziglar
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Objectives• Explain the importance of anatomy and
physiology to the cosmetology profession• Describe cells, their structure, and their
reproduction• Define tissue and identify the types of
tissues found in the body• Name the 10 main body systems and explain
their basic functions
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Anatomy Defined: The study of the structures of
the human body that can be seen with the naked eye and what it is made of;
the science of the structure of organisms or of their parts
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Physiology Defined: The study of the functions and activities performed by the body’s
structures
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Histology Defined: The study of the science
of the minute structures of organic tissues; microscopic anatomy
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Cells• Composition• Nucleus• Cytoplasm• Centrosome• Cell membrane
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
• Cell reproduction and division– Adequate food supply– Adequate oxygen supply– Adequate water supply– Waste elimination– Proper temperature
Cells
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
• Cell metabolism– Anabolism– Catabolism
Cells
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Tissues• Connective tissue• Epithelial tissue• Liquid tissue• Muscular tissue• Nerve tissue
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Organs• Brain• Eyes• Heart• Kidneys• Lungs• Liver• Skin• Stomach/intestines
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Systems• Circulatory• Digestive• Endocrine• Excretory• Integumentary
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
• Muscular• Nervous• Reproductive• Respiratory• Skeletal
Systems
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Skeletal System• Bone composition• Osteology• Primary function• Joints• Parts of skull
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
• Bones of cranium• Bones of face
Skeletal System
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• Bones of neck• Bones of trunk/torso
Skeletal System
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• Bones of arm and hand
Skeletal System
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• Bones of the leg and foot
Skeletal System
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Muscular System Myology: The study of the structure, function, and diseases of the muscles. Human body has over 600 muscles
responsible for 40% of body’s weight; fibrous tissues with the ability to
stretch and contract
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Muscular Tissue• Striated muscles • Nonstriated muscles • Cardiac muscles
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Muscle Parts• Origin• Insertion• Belly
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Stimulation of Muscles• Massage• Electric current• Light rays• Heat rays• Moist heat• Nerve impulses• Chemicals
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Scalp Muscles• Epicranius or
occipito-frontalis– Occipitalis– Frontalis– Epicranial
Aponeurosis
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Muscles of the Ear• Auricularis superior• Auricularis anterior• Auricularis posterior
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Muscles of Mastication• Masseter• Temporalis
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Neck Muscles• Platysma• Sternocleidomastoideus
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Eyebrow Muscles• Orbicularis oculi• Corrugator
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Muscles of the Nose• Procerus• Other nasal muscles
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Muscles of the Mouth• Buccinator• Depressor labii inferioris• Levator anguli oris• Levator labii superioris• Mentalis
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• Orbicularis oris• Risorius• Triangularis• Zygomaticus major and minor
Muscles of the Mouth
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Muscles – Arms to Body• Latissimus dorsi• Pectoralis major and minor• Serratus anterior • Trapezius
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Shoulder and Arm Muscles• Deltoid• Biceps• Triceps• Pronator• Supinator• Flexors• Extensors
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Muscles of the Hand• Abductor• Adductor
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Muscles of the Lower Leg and Foot
• Extensor digitorum longus• Tibialis anterior• Peroneus longus• Peroneus brevis• Gastrocnemius• Soleus
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Nervous System Neurology defined: The scientific study
of the structure, function, and pathology of the nervous system
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Divisions of the Nervous System
• Cerebrospinal system• Peripheral nervous system• Autonomic nervous system
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The Brain and Spinal Cord• Brain is largest mass of body tissue• Average weight is 44 – 48 ounces• Twelve pairs of cranial nerves originate in
the brain• Spinal cord originates in brain• Thirty-one pairs of spinal nerves extend
from the spinal cord
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Nerve Cell Structure and Function
• Neuron or nerve Cell• Dendrites• Axon and axon terminal• Nerves
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Types of Nerves• Sensory• Motor• Mixed• Reflex
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Nerves of Head, Face, and Neck
• 5th cranial, trifacial, trigeminal
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Nerves of Head, Face, and Neck
• 7th cranial• Cervical
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Nerves of Arm and Hand• Ulnar• Radial• Median• Digital
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Nerves of the Lower Leg and Foot• Tibial• Common peroneal• Deep peroneal• Superficial peroneal• Saphenous• Sural• Dorsal
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Circulatory System• Blood-vascular system• Lymph-vascular system• Heart
– Pericardium– Resting Heart Rate
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Heart Chambers and Valves• Right and left atrium
• Right and left ventricle
• Valves
• Atria
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Blood Circulation• Pulmonary circulation• Systemic or general circulation
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Blood Vessels• Arteries
• Capillaries
• Veins
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The Blood• Sticky, salty fluid• Temperature of 98.6 degrees F• 1/20th of body weight• 8 – 10 pints in adults• Bright red in arteries• Dark red in veins (except pulmonary)
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Blood Composition• Red corpuscles• White corpuscles• Blood platelets• Plasma
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Blood Functions• Carries water, oxygen, food, secretions
to cells• Carries away carbon dioxide and waste• Helps equalize body temperature• Clotting
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Lymph-Vascular Functions• Nourishment• Defense• Remove waste• Fluid environment
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Arteries of Head, Face, Neck• Common carotid• Internal division• External division
– Superficial temporal artery– Occipital artery– Posterior auricular artery
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Facial Artery• Submental artery• Inferior labial artery• Angular artery• Superior labial artery
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Superficial Temporal Artery• Frontal artery• Parietal artery• Transverse facial artery• Middle temporal artery• Anterior auricular artery
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External/InternalCarotid Artery Branches
• Occipital artery• Posterior auricular artery• Supraorbital artery• Infraorbital artery
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Veins of Head, Face, and Neck• Internal jugular• External jugular
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Blood Supply for Arm and Hand• Ulnar arteries• Radial arteries
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Blood Supply for Foot and Leg• Popliteal artery• Anterior tibial• Dorsalis pedis
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Endocrine System• Exocrine or duct glands• Endocrine or ductless glands
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Digestive System• Digestion• Digestive enzymes
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Excretory System• Kidneys• Liver• Skin• Large intestine• Lungs
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Respiratory System• Diaphragm• Lungs
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Integumentary System• The skin• Various accessory organs
– Oil glands– Sweat glands– Sensory receptors– Hair– Nails
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Summary and Review• Define anatomy, physiology, and
histology
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Summary and Review• Why is the study of anatomy,
physiology, and histology important to the cosmetologist?
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
Summary and Review• Name and describe the basic
structure of a cell• Explain cell metabolism and its
purpose
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
• List and describe the functions of the five types of tissue found in the human body.
• What are organs?• List and describe the functions of the
main organs found in the body
Summary and Review
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
• Name the 10 body systems and their main functions
Summary and Review
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
• List the primary functions of bones• Name and describe the three types of
muscular tissue found in the body
Summary and Review
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
• Name and describe the three types of nerves found in the body
• Name and briefly describe the three types of blood vessels found in the body
Summary and Review
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
• List and describe the components of blood
• Name and discuss the two types of glands found in the human body
• List the organs of the excretory system and their function
Summary and Review
MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY
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