chapter 1 - h “science skills”. 1.1 what is science? 1.list as many pieces of technology as you...

Chapter 1 - HChapter 1 - H

““Science Skills”Science Skills”

1.1 What is Science?1.1 What is Science?1. List as many pieces of technology as you can that

are on or a part of your desk.

2. The application knowledge to solve practical problems is known as _________________________.

3. List the 3 main branches of science.

4. Which branch will we cover in this class?

5. What is required EVERY DAY in this class?

6. What is Mrs. Ferrer’s Homework Policy about due dates?

7. What is her policy about coming into class after the bell?

1.1 What is Science?1.1 What is Science?

1.1 “What is Science?”1.1 “What is Science?”

a a methodmethod of acquiring of acquiring knowledgeknowledge A processA process A body of knowledgeA body of knowledge

STEPS:STEPS: CuriosityCuriosity MethodsMethods DiscoveryDiscovery

1.1 What is Science?1.1 What is Science?

Technology Technology The use of knowledge to solve The use of knowledge to solve

practical problems.practical problems.

1.2 A Scientific Method1.2 A Scientific Method


VARIABLES:1. Manipulated (independent) – what YOU change on

purpose

2. Responding (dependent) – what YOU measure as a result of what you changed

3. CONTROL – the experiment WITHOUT the I.V. (manipulated variable)

4. Controlled Variables (constants) – all other components MUST stay the same for each trial

5. Uncontrolled Variables – the components you CANNOT control

1.2 A Scientific Method1.2 A Scientific Method Scientific FactsScientific Facts – – observed resultsobserved results

Scientific TheoryScientific Theory (e.g. Kinetic (e.g. Kinetic Theory, Germ Theory, Evolution) – Theory, Germ Theory, Evolution) – well-tested explanation of well-tested explanation of results/observations (never proven)results/observations (never proven)

Scientific LawsScientific Laws (e.g. gravity, Ohm’s (e.g. gravity, Ohm’s law, conservation) – law, conservation) – a pattern found a pattern found in naturein nature

Scientific ModelsScientific Models (e.g. atoms, (e.g. atoms, weather) - weather) - representation of a representation of a object or eventobject or event

FOLLOW-UPFOLLOW-UP1.1. Scientific investigations begin with Scientific investigations begin with

____________.____________.2.2. The application of knowledge to solve The application of knowledge to solve

practical problems is known as practical problems is known as ________________.________________.

3.3. What is the purpose of an experiment?What is the purpose of an experiment?4.4. Write a couple sentences describing how Write a couple sentences describing how

advances in technology have affected your advances in technology have affected your life.life.

5.5. Design Your Own ExperimentDesign Your Own ExperimentSuppose that you want to conduct a test to see which Suppose that you want to conduct a test to see which

brand of cleanser produces the best results when brand of cleanser produces the best results when cleaning a kitchen floor. Think about how you would cleaning a kitchen floor. Think about how you would conduct this test.conduct this test.1.1. What materials would you need?What materials would you need?2.2. What procedure would you follow?What procedure would you follow?3.3. How would you determine which cleanser How would you determine which cleanser produces the best results?produces the best results?

LAB SAFETYLAB SAFETY

1.3 Journal “1.3 Journal “Measuring Length by Measuring Length by the Handful”the Handful”

The English units that we use in the United States The English units that we use in the United States developed over a long period of time. For developed over a long period of time. For example, the hand was devised in ancient times example, the hand was devised in ancient times as a unit of length. It was defined as the length of as a unit of length. It was defined as the length of a person’s hand from the little finger to the thumb. a person’s hand from the little finger to the thumb. Today the height of horses is still measured in Today the height of horses is still measured in hands, but the definition of a hands, but the definition of a handhand is standardized is standardized at 4 inches or 10.16 centimeters. at 4 inches or 10.16 centimeters.

1.1.Why did the hand produce Why did the hand produce unreliable measurements before it was unreliable measurements before it was standardized? standardized?

2.2.Measure the height of your desk Measure the height of your desk in hands. Compare your results with other in hands. Compare your results with other classmates. How do the results vary?classmates. How do the results vary?

3. 3. WORK ON WORK ON METRICS MANIAMETRICS MANIA

1.3 Measurement1.3 Measurement

Measurements in science are Measurements in science are DATA.DATA.

It is important that they are It is important that they are both accurate and precise.both accurate and precise.


Precision vs. AccuracyPrecision vs. Accuracy

Precision = exactness Precision = exactness (more significant digits: 1.256m (more significant digits: 1.256m

stride, not 1m)stride, not 1m)

Accuracy = closeness to actual Accuracy = closeness to actual value. value. (using a quartz or atomic watch (using a quartz or atomic watch

instead of counting in your head) instead of counting in your head) try it.try it.


SCIENTIFIC NOTATIONSCIENTIFIC NOTATION A way of expressing a value by A way of expressing a value by

powers of 10.powers of 10. Make very large and very small Make very large and very small

numbers easier to work with.numbers easier to work with.

For practice, write these numbers out in long form.

Turn to page 15, Math Practice


International System of Units International System of Units (SI)(SI)

MEASUREMENTS ALWAYS HAVE MEASUREMENTS ALWAYS HAVE A NUMBER AND A UNITA NUMBER AND A UNIT 4m, 25s, examples??????4m, 25s, examples??????

Allow scientists from all over Allow scientists from all over the world to understand one the world to understand one another’s measurementsanother’s measurements

1.3 Measurement1.3 MeasurementDerived Units

Quantity Unit Symbol

Area square meter m²

Volume cubic meter m³

Density kilograms per cubic meter kg/m³

Pressure pascal (kg/m•s²) Pa

Energy joule (kg•m²/s²) J

Frequency hertz (1/s) Hz

Electric charge coulomb (A•s) C

1.3 Measurement - PREFIXES1.3 Measurement - PREFIXESPrefix Symbol Factor Number Factor Word

giga G 1,000,000,000 (109) billion

mega M 1,000,000 (106) million

kilo k 1,000 (10³) thousand

hecto h 100 (10²) hundred

deca da 10 ten

Base unit m, g, L 1meter, gram,

Liter

deci d 1/10 (10ˉ¹) tenth

centi c 1/100 (10ˉ²) hundredth

milli m 1/1,000 (10ˉ³) thousandth

micro m 1/1,000,000 (10-6) millionth

Try some conversions

1.4 Presenting Scientific Data - 1.4 Presenting Scientific Data - JournalJournal

1.1. ““Evaluating Precision” Lab:Evaluating Precision” Lab:1.1. Read and do page 1 Read and do page 1

2.2. Read page 2Read page 2

1.4 Presenting Scientific Data1.4 Presenting Scientific Data

Data: Data: the measurements and the measurements and observations taken during an observations taken during an experiment.experiment.

Need to be Need to be ACCURATEACCURATE (reliable) (reliable) and and PRECISEPRECISE (exact) in order to (exact) in order to be able to answer the be able to answer the hypothesis.hypothesis.


Must also be Must also be presented in a way presented in a way that can be that can be understood and understood and analyzed.analyzed.

DATA TABLES:DATA TABLES: show show the relationship the relationship between your between your independent independent (manipulated) and (manipulated) and dependent dependent (responding) variables.(responding) variables.

Category Mass of Waste

paper 15kg

plastic 3kg

glass 9kg

metals 8kg

yard wastes 4kg

food wastes 7kg

other 2kg

TOTAL 38kg


Must also be presented in a way that Must also be presented in a way that can be understood and analyzed.can be understood and analyzed.

GRAPHS:GRAPHS: show the relationship between your show the relationship between your independent (manipulated) and dependent independent (manipulated) and dependent (responding) variables (responding) variables IN A WAY THAT IS IN A WAY THAT IS EASIER TO ANALYZEEASIER TO ANALYZE

Mass of Waste (kg)

0

1

23

4

5

6

78

9

10

paper plastic glass metals yard wastes food wastes other

Type of Waste

Mass i

n k

ilo

gra

ms


Bar Graphs:Bar Graphs: Compare sets of measurements, Compare sets of measurements,

amounts or changes.amounts or changes.


Circle Graphs:Circle Graphs: Show how a PART relates to the WHOLE.Show how a PART relates to the WHOLE.


Line Graphs:Line Graphs: Show CHANGES that occur in Show CHANGES that occur in

related variables, and HOW they’re related variables, and HOW they’re related.related.

Figure 21: Mass vs. Volume of WaterMass vs. Volume of Water– – DIRECTLY PROPORTIONALDIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL

The slope tells the relationship between the variables.

Figure 21: Distance vs. Light IntensityDistance vs. Light Intensity– – INVERSELY PROPORTIONALINVERSELY PROPORTIONAL

chapter 1 - h “science skills”. 1.1 what is science? 1.list as many pieces of technology as you...

Documents