Chapter 1Matter and Change

pp. 3- 27

What is Chemistry?• The study of the ,

, and of matter and the it undergoes.

• Chemistry is a science.

• A basic understanding of chemistry is to all other sciences.

• Chemistry is also central to our

Branches of Chemistry

• Organic Chemistry - study of all substances containing

• Biochemistry- study of the chemistry of

• Physical Chemistry – study of theories and experiments that describe the of substances

Branches of Chemistry

• Analytical Chemistry – study of the of substances.

• Inorganic Chemistry - study of substances carbon

• Theoretical Chemistry – using to understand

principles, design and predict properties of substances

What is Matter?

• Matter is anything that takes up and has .

• is a measure of the amount of matter.

• is the force of gravity on mass.

Classifying Matter by Composition

– matter with a uniform composition

- matter without a uniform composition

- A pure type of matter that does not vary from sample to sample. Includes and

Classifying Matter by Composition

• Elements- simplest kind of matter, made of one type of .

• An atom is the smallest unit of an element that maintains the

of that element.• Elements cannot be broken down into

simpler substances by ordinary means

• List Examples:

Classifying Matter by Composition

• Compounds – matter composed the atoms of two or more elements that are

bonded. • Compounds can be broken down by

methods • When they are broken down, the

components have completely properties than the compound.

• List Examples:

Classifying Matter by Composition

• A is a blend of two or more kinds of matter, each of which retains its own identity and properties.

• A mixture is mixed together .• Variable composition, often expressed by

a by mass or volume

• Homogeneous mixtures are also called . List Examples:

Mixtures

• A mixture is not the same throughout (not uniform).

• List Examples:

Composition of Matter Flowchart – (Copy on separate paper)

MATTER

Can it be physically separated?

Homogeneous Mixture

(solution)

Heterogeneous Mixture Compound Element

MIXTURE PURE SUBSTANCE

yes no

Can it be chemically decomposed?

noyesIs the composition uniform?

noyes

Which is it?

ElementCompoundMixture

States of matter

• Solid- matter that can not flow and has volume and shape

• Liquid- definite volume but no definite

• - a substance without definite volume or shape and can flow.

• Plasma- a substance that is similar to a gas, but loses due to its high temperature

States of Matter States of Matter (Copy on separate paper)

Solid

Liquid

Gas

Definite Volume

Definite Shape

Particle position and movement

Properties of Matter

• Property- a property that can be observed and measured without changing the identity of the substance.

• List Examples:• Property-relates to a

substance’s ability to undergo changes that transform it into different substances.

• List Examples:

Properties of Matter

• Chemists use properties to and matter. More than one property must be used for identification.

• Properties – do not depend on the amount of matter present

List Examples:

Properties – depend on the amount of matter present

List Examples:

Changes in Matter

• A change does not change the composition or identity of the substance.

• List Examples:• Boiled water is still .• All are physical

changes

Solid Liquid Gas

Melt Evaporate

CondenseFreeze

Phase Changes Diagram - (Copy on separate paper)

Changes in Matter

• – a process in which a solid changes directly to a gas without going through a liquid phase.

• List Examples:

Changes in Matter

• A change occurs when one or more substances are changed into new substances.

• Reactants- substances that react

• Products- substances that form

• Products have

Separating Mixtures

Mixtures are separated by their .

Primary methods of separating mixtures are:

Separating Mixtures

• Filtration is a method used to separate the components of mixtures that contain an

solid and a liquid. List Example:

Separating Mixtures

• Distillation is a method of separating substances in a mixture by of a liquid and subsequent

of its vapor. • List Example:

Separating Mixtures

• Centrifuge• Used to separate /

mixtures such as those in blood. The centrifuge spins rapidly and causes the solid precipitate to settle to the bottom.

• List Example:

Separating Mixtures

Chromatography is a method of separating mixtures that uses a

phase and a phase. chromatography can be used to separate dyes and pigments because they move at different rates on the paper.

Elements

• There are naturally occurring elements

• Each has a 1 or two letter

.

• First letter always second letter is .

Elements

• The periodic table shows the elements organized by their

• Columns on the table represent or of elements with

similar chemical properties

• Properties vary across the horizontal rows or

Elements

• Three general classes of elements are , ,

. are on the left and in the center of the periodic table.

are on the right. are on the zig-zag dividing line.

Metals

Nonmetals

Semi-metals or Metalloids

Noble Gases

Properties of metals

Metals have certain properties:

All metals except are solids at room temperature.

Properties of nonmetals

• Nonmetals have certain properties:

.

• is a dark red liquid.

Properties of metalloids

• Metalloids have properties

• Metalloids are

Elements

(Group 18) are nonmetals that are essentially non-reactive elements. They are gases at room temperature

Elements to memorize

• Quiz # 1 – Symbols and correct spelling for elements # 1-46

• Quiz #2 - Symbols and correct spelling for elements # 47-92

Label the metals, nonmetals, metalloids, and Noble gases