chapter 1 science f5

8/7/2019 chapter 1 science f5

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-1-science-f5 1/4

BACTERIA

CHARACTERISTICS

SEE BACTERIA CELL STRUCTURE

-Unicellular organisms-They have cell wall made of peptidoglycan

-Some have additional slimy capsule outside their cell wall for added protection

-Beneath the cell wall is its plasma membrane

-Bacteria do not have nuclear membrane

-Some bacteria have one or more tail-like structure called 'flagella' which are used for

swimming

-Some bacteria also have hundreds of hairlike structures known as pilli

SHAPE

-Classified according to their shapes

-They can be spherical known as cocci, rod-shaped known as bacilli, comma shaped known

as vibrios and spiral known as spirillaSIZE

-Diameter ranges from 0.5 -1.0 micrometres-Only visible using a high powered micoscope

METHOD OF REPRODUCTIONSexually by a process called conjugation or Asexually by formation of spores or binary

fission NUTRITION

Photosynthesis, Chemosynthesis, Saprophytic and Parasitic.Bacteria stores food in the form

of glycogen granules in its cytoplasm.

HABITAT

Can be found almost everywhere (foods, air, water, soil, on any surfaces (such as table tops),on the outside as well as inside of organisms especially in the intestines).

MODE OF RESPIRATION

-Some are aerobic, requiring oxygen to survive

-Some are anaerobic, do not need oxygen to survive

-Some can live in the presence or absence of oxygen



VIRUS

CHARACTERISTICS

SEE VIRUS CELL STRUCTURE

-smallest microorganisms

-do not carry out any characteristics of living things

-when outside a cell, it forms a crystaldo not show cell organization

SHAPE

Maybe spherical, polyhedral, rod-shaped or rocket shaped

SIZE

Sizes ranges from about 20 - 400 nm in diameter

METHOD OF REPRODUCTION

They can only multiply inside the living cells (host cell) of animals or plants or other

microbes. This process harms the host, resulting in a disease.

NUTRITION

ParasiticHABITAT

living cell (host cell)EXAMPLE

influenza virus (spherical), tobacco mosaic virus (rod-shaped)



PROTOZOA

CHARACTERISTICS

-Unicellular organisms

-Move with the help of cillia which continuously beat against the water

in diagonal pattern

METHOD OF REPRODUCTION Asexually through binary fission or sexually by conjugation

NUTRITION-Parasitism, saprophytism or autotrophs

-Cilia/ cilium (hair like structures) send food to oral grooveHABITAT

Soil, moist area, live in water ( Amoeba) or inside the body of organisms(Plasmodium)

EXAMPLES Amoeba, Plasmodium, Paramecium

FUNGI

CHARACTERISTICSDo not contain the green pigment chlorophyll, so they have to take in nutrient

from external. Fungi may be unicellular or multicellular.

SIZE 10 - 100 micrometres

METHOD OF REPRODUCTIONAsexually through budding or formation of spores and sexually through

conjugation

NUTRITION parasitism and saprohytism

HABITAT Dark, moist, warm environment

EXAMPLE Yeast, Mucor/ Mould



ALGAE

CHARACTERISTICS

-Simple aquatic plant

-No proper roots, stems, leaves or vascular system

-contains chlorophyll

SIZE 1 - 10000 micrometres

METHOD OF REPRODUCTION Asexually through binary fission or Sexually by conjugation

NUTRITIONPhotosynthesis (most algae have pigments which use the wavelength that penetrwater)

HABITAT Freshwater and marine (saltwater), soil, bark of trees

EXAMPLE chlamydomonas (unicellular), spirogyra

chapter 1 science f5

Documents