UNIT 1: The Renaissance x Literally means rebirth- coined by French historian Jules Michelet although it began in Italy

x Does not refer to a specific time period, but took place at the same time as the Middle Ages

x Renaissance has a high regard for ancient Greek and Roman culture (art and architecture) and portrays a shift toward belief in the positive potential of the individual

CHAPTER 1: TIMES OF CHANGE

A Changing Society: x During the Middle Ages European society was organized in a system called . It was

based on , , and .

x Bishops had as much power as Barons, receiving land from the Crown. The Church became a very

large . The Church was important to medieval people in their

practical lives as well as their lives.

x Most people were who lived in rural villages on a manor. They were assigned strips

of land to and . In exchange for the use of land they had to turn over a

portion of what they .

x Peasants were and . Some peasants were who

rented land from the lord or worked for pay. Most peasants, however, were , who were

not allowed to leave the manor without the lord's permission.

Who are the Limbourg Brothers (pg. 21)?

Town Life:

x Most medieval towns were centers for . They grew up next to

one of 3 places: , , or .

x Towns were good because:

x Towns were bad because:

Worldview Inquiry: In what ways can changing social structures affect a society's worldview?

The Role of Women in Medieval Society: Rural women:

Urban women:

Changes to the feudal System:

Two things that caused feudalism to break down were:

1. The Peasant's Revolt- Began in when war broke out between

and . Why were the peasants angry?

2. The Black Death- Because of this there were severe causing manors and feudal

estate to go . This was good for the serfs because:

a.

b.

With the rise of towns urban people had some opportunity to move from one social level to

another. A new social structure emerged as the middle class. The power and position of wealthy merchants

and middle class was based on rather than on ownership of land. People showed off their

economic status by .

x People's desire for luxury goods like exotic fabrics was one of the factors that led to

outside Europe as well as sumptuary laws.

x Sumptuary laws were put in place to control consumption or

. These laws also restricted what people of different could

wear.

A Religious Society:

In Medieval times, religion was a central part of people's daily lives. People believed that the plague had been sent by as . The worldview of people in Western Europe was shaped by . Life in medieval times was hard. Give three reasons why it was hard. As a result the hope of a better life death was very important. Draw the Church Hierarchy below: What is a tithe? The Middle Ages was a great time of building. Historians estimate that churches were built. Explain three good things that happened because of building of these cathedrals:

1.

2.

3.

The Monastic Life: Men became and entered .

Women became and entered .

What 7 things did these people do in the community?

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

Monks and nuns were well . Religious scholars copied

as well as written in Greek or Latin.

Because of the high level of literacy, universities grew up around

.

Women were/were not (choose one) allowed to attend universities.

Medieval Muslims and Jews:

The main center of Muslims and Jews was in the country of . Neither Muslims nor

Jews were allowed to .

The Black Death made some people change their views on religion. What are three reasons people became

more critical about The Church?

1.

2.

3.

THE RENAISSANCE WAS A PERIOD CHARACTERIZED BY GREAT CREATIVITY IN THE ARTS AND SCIENCES. It was

also called a .

List the SIX Renaissance personalities on page 36 and explain WHY they are famous.

Chapter 2: The Expansion of Trade:

The Rise of International Trade:

x What is the Silk Road?

x What two things passed along these routes?

x Who was the European who experienced the Silk Road?

x What was the name given to China during this period of time?

The Crusades and Trade: x The Crusades were a series of between and

.

x Palestine contains religious sites sacred to , , and

.

x It was under control until the area was taken over by the .

x In . Pope Urban II launched a to drive out

the . Thousands of to the Holy Land. (Can you

imagine?!) They were . Both Christian knights as well as Muslim warriors

thought fighting in a Holy War would guarantee

.

x The Muslim world was than Europe. Because of the trade and travel,

Europeans were exposed to , , ,

, .

x The Crusades brought back from the Muslim world:

Worldview Inquiry: What impact might increased trade and business have on a society's worldview?

The Italian City States: What four factors contributed to the success of Italian city states?

x Venice:

How was it founded and why?

It became a great -

x Genoa:

The ciompi were like the peasants who revolted in England and France. Explain.

x Florence:

Define usury:

The Medici Family: List four interesting things about this family:

1.

2.

3.

4.

PG. 57- DO # 1 & 3

Chapter 3: The Humanist Approach

A Rebirth of Ideas: Humanist: A way of thinking in which the ideas of the classical civilization of Greece and Rome are applied to

people's lives and work.

Classical Writing:

x Latin- language of the Romans (Dead Language) used by scholars and the Christian Church

x Renaissance world became interested in Classical world's writing through

x Classical Civilization: the life and writings of ancient Greeks and Romans

x Islamic Civilization: saved the Classical Civilization and enhanced it further in Math, Medicine,

and Science with information from INDIA and the FAR EAST.

DO:

1. Compare the Christian and Islamic 10 Commandments with the North American Aborigines' "Code for Long

Life and Wisdom" in your text book.

2. Look at figure 3-4 and pick one idea to illustrate for present day. Print the "quote" on the poster.

Humanism and the Individual:

x Renaissance thinkers and artists:

x Held the belief in the dignity and potential of the individual

x Believed that people could shape their lives through their own efforts and talents

x Christian worldview:

x Write down the Christian worldview:

x Humanists believed:

x Humans can use the power of reason- think for themselves

x People have an open, curious and questioning mind

x People can achieve great things through learning

x Individuals should be skilled in many different areas: minds, bodies and spirits

DO:

1. Zoom in on Pg. 62

2. Fast Forward on Pg. 63, # 1 & 2

3. Exploring Sources, 3 bullets

Worldview Inquiry: In what ways can shifts in ideas affect a society's worldview?

Thinkers and Society: Renaissance humanists were the intellectual leaders of the time. Civic Humanism:

x Cicero's idea that public service was the duty of everyone in society.

x All must work to improve society- through education and knowledge of the past Humanist Education:

x Education was an important focus of humanism Humanism and Religion:

x Religion continued to play an important part in everyone's life. Do: 1. Page 68, #1 2. Page 69, #2A & 4

Society and the Arts: Patrons: people who paid artists to produce works Painting:

x Artists found inspiration in ancient Greeks and Romans

x Middle Ages- most art had religious themes, continued in Renaissance, but used Humanist approach (Classical)

x Renaissance- growing interest in portraits and landscapes

x Petroglyphs:

x Pictograms: Architecture:

x Studied classical structures, such as the Pantheon and the Colosseum Sculpture:

x Sculptors in the Middle Ages were seen as rather than . They were .

x Their role changed dramatically during the Renaissance. Sculptors like became .

Literature:

x Renaissance writers focused on .

x Books or texts were written in the - that is, the language that people spoke, such as .

x Humanism focussed on the expression of thought and emotion (aka lyric poetry such as the "sonnet".)

x was a leading Italian poet.

x Christine de Pisan- thought men and women should be judged on the basis of their abilities and virtues not gender.

Do: 1. Skill Power Pg. 72 & Chart 2. Pg. 74, 2 bullets 3. Pg. 76 (All) 4. Pg. 77, #1, 2, 3, 4

ANALYZING WORLDVIEW

Elements of worldview Conclusions about the author’s/artist’s  worldview

Clues in the text/image to support my conclusions

View of human nature—beliefs about the basic make-up of

people

View of the good life—the goals to strive  for  in  living  one’s  life

Equality with others—beliefs about the status of some

individuals or groups in relation to others

Responsibilities to others—beliefs about the extent of

obligations to others

Relationship between the individual and the state—beliefs

about the balance between individual and collective rights

Relationship of humans with nature—beliefs about the way

human beings should look at and act toward the environment

Sources of ethical wisdom—

beliefs about the ultimate authority for ethical principles

Chapter 4: The Exchange of Ideas Heresy is when somebody the teachings of the Church.

Science: A New Way of Seeing The Scientific Method:

x The new importance humanism placed on human beings and their experiences encouraged people to

and .

x The process of , , and

is known as the scientific method.

x The most important advances were in , , and

.

x Draw the diagram of the Scientific Method below:

Astronomy:

A first century, Greek astronomer, , introduced the idea of the universe and Europeans

believed that God had placed Earth at the center of the universe, with the Sun rotating around the Earth. The

Renaissance astronomers threatened this worldview and permanently changed how people viewed the

universe.

What discoveries did the following astronomers make?

x Copernicus:

x Kepler:

x Galileo:

Medicine:

Worldview Inquiry: How did the Renaissance spark the growth and exchange of ideas across Europe?

x During the Renaissance and others with knowledge of traditional and herbal remedies

played an important role in treating the sick.

x Doctors had little knowledge about (bodily structure) and the cause of disease

and remedies based on , , , and

were common.

x During the Renaissance medical knowledge grew, particularly in anatomy and surgery with the

application of the Scientific Method.

x Anatomy: During the Renaissance was made legal for the purposes of study in

many Italian cities.

x An influential Italian professor at this time was:

Mathematics:

x The works of ancient mathematical scientists like (geometry) and

(algebra) were studied vigorously during the Renaissance.

x The concept of was used in ancient and the as we

use today was refined by .

x What are three important uses of mathematics?

Political and Religious Leadership: Who was Isabella D'Este?

The Scientific Ruler:

x Just as scientists used observation to study the natural world, so did Niccolo Machiavelli use

observation of people and government to form new ways of thinking about leadership and power.

x What is the name of the controversial book Machiavelli wrote and why was it controversial?

x What does the term allegory refer to?

Changing Leadership in the Church:

Catholic Church was the most powerful institution in Europe considered to be responsible for more than

religious well-being. The Church was considered to be a natural leader in all areas of society- ,

, and .

Some members of the Church took advantage of their authority to gain and for

themselves and members of their family. People became increasingly discontent with Church authority.

List what the following people or events are known for:

x Savonarola:

Define "excommunication:"

x Martin Luther:

What are "indulgences?"

x Protestant Reformation:

x Catholic Counter Reformation:

The Spread of Ideas: The Renaissance began in Italy and eventually spread through France, Spain, and Portugal as well as Northern

Europe. At its beginning, information was still largely spread by .

x People came in contact with new ideas and knowledge from ,

, and .

x "Superstars" of the day included:

x The court of Francois I of France became a .He collected

manuscripts, Renaissance paintings and sculptures.

The Printing Press:

x At the beginning of the Renaissance, people were .Only the most educated

people in society could read and write and only the most wealthy could afford to purchase a book.

Being literate meant:

x In 1450, Johannes Gutenberg developed a that allowed books to

be produced quickly and cheaply, using paper rather than .

x By 1500, there were millions of books in circulation allowing for the easy exchange of knowledge and

ideas. What were three consequences of the invention of the printing press?

1.

2.

3.

Define "disseminate:"

Chapter 5: The Age of Exploration

Define: Circumnavigate

Expansionism

Mutiny

The Desire to Explore: In , North America celebrated the anniversary of Columbus' voyage. What were

the names of his three ships?

1.

2.

3.

They explored for three reasons:

●To expand trade ●To expand supply of gold ●To expand Christianity

Exploring to Expand Trade:

x During the Renaissance, grew across Europe as people with money .

x Commerce and manufacturing grew because .

a. Trade with the East:

x Europeans spent money on .

x Arab merchants bought from and the spice islands of .

x Spices were traded at Mediterranean trading centers like:

and

x Two problems with the trade of Luxury goods were:

x

x

x COPY THE CONFLICT AND EFFECT CHART ON PG. 109

x DO FIGURE 5-5

x What did the Europeans believe was the solution to trade problems?

x What were two good features of this solution?

Review:

Worldview Inquiry: What factors might motivate a society to venture into unknown regions beyond its borders?

Crusades: Holy War between , who invaded the Holy Land and fought the .

The Muslims were angry because:

The Turks who lived in eventually took back their country at the Battle of Constantinople,

which is now known as .

The Christians were in a bind because they loved to trade, getting and from

Cathay (aka ) and India. However, this was out of the question because the Christians had

angered the Muslims who controlled entry into the . The Europeans had

to find a new route- hence the AGE OF .

The Spanish monarchs sent Christopher Columbus to find a short route to India and China by going West. In

Columbus sailed the ocean . He believed in a European worldview that included:

1.

2.

3.

Exploring to Expand the Gold Supply:

Name four of today's currencies:

What was the currency during the Renaissance?

What were the problems with Renaissance currency?

Exploring to Expand Christianity:

x Religion was a powerful aspect of .

x Spreading Christianity was .

x Why did Christians think it was important?

x Renaissance and sponsored voyages because

.

Write down the 5 Pillars of Faith:

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

What is the name of the Muslim Holy Book?

x Prince Henry's attitude towards Muslims was typical of all Europeans at that time. What was it?

x Who was Prester John?

x European explorers of what is now Canada were accompanied by .

x In the west, Catholic and Anglican arrived in at .

x The Methodist church was at set up by

x Father Thibeault set up the in Alberta at a lake near Blueberry.

What is the name of the lake this Catholic mission is located on?

DO:

"Over to You," #1A

The Means to Explore: The Renaissance borrowed ideas about , , , , from

, and .

The worldview was open to and .

Expanding the Known World:

Read Pg. 115 and do the 3 bullets in sentence form:

Expanding Navigational Technology:

Prince Henry the Navigator

x Prince Henry of had a great interest in and . He

became a of Portuguese .

x He established a center where , , , and

gathered to share their knowledge.

x They improved and created and

that helped sailors to determine their . Latitude is the

distance and of the equator.

x What instrument did Samuel de Champlain lose? What was that instrument used for?

Read Zoom In Pg. 118 and make a list of the different ship designs and write one or two facts that made the

vessel good.

European Expansion: In the space of century, Renaissance Europeans the world.

Their viewpoint was , which means they wanted to increase the and

for their country.

Exploration Begins:

Use the map (Figure 5-26)

European Country Country/Continent Explored .

1. Newfoundland, Canada

2. France

3. Portugal

4. Africa

Going East:

x Portugal was the to become involved in .

x sent expeditions south along the coast of . Why

did he do this?

x Portugal brought two things from Africa:

a.

b.

Explain what each of these explorers did that was important:

x Bartolomeu Dias:

x Vasco da Gama:

x Christopher Columbus:

x Ferdinand Magellan:

Explain the importance of the Battle of Diu:

Going West: Do Pg. 123, #1 & 3 and Pg. 124, Figure 5-32 and 5-33

Chapter 6: "O Brave New World"

European Imperialism: Columbus- worked for Queen Isabella and King . They were impressed since he

brought them riches ( , , ) and Indigenous People.

The Treaty of Tordesillas:

x What is it:

x Why was it done in secret:

x English response and explorer's name:

Imperialism Æ Why was it accepted so readily?

Taking Charge:

x Behaviour of a result of their attitude toward the

-

x New Spain was

x Indigenous people were and forced to .

x 1 000 000 000 people -

Imperialist Treasure:

x The conquest of and Incan Empires in New Spain resulted in great wealth for Spain, as

they shipped thousands of tonnes of gold and silver and countless emeralds across the sea.

x English shipyards developed small, fast, highly manoeuvrable vessels that were ideal for on

the large, slower moving .

x Queen Elizabeth these illegal acts.

x Who was Francis Drake?

Worldview Inquiry: How can exploration and expansion affect the worldview of a society and the societies it comes in contact with?

The Terrible Cost of Imperialism:

x In a few years the Incas and Aztecs were by the Spanish.

x What were the four results of European Imperialism?

1.

2.

3.

4.

Telling the Indigenous Story:

x Most of the written records o the original peoples of the Americas were destroyed along with their

and . The Spanish burned thousands of of

the Mayan people.

European Worldview and Identity: Mapping Changing Worldviews:

Countries in Europe saw that through , that is by gaining power in other parts of the

world, countries could grow wealthy. By the late Renaissance they began competing for

and .

What were the contributions of Queen Elizabeth I?

Making Contact:

x Some philosophers began to question European society as they recognized that many Indigenous

cultures functioned on the basis of equality and sharing.

Expansionism and Imperialism:

x Europeans saw themselves as superior to the peoples of the Americas. They saw the competition for

land and resources as for their and .

x European expansionism also contributed to the establishment of trade in .

Citizens of the World:

x The Renaissance and the Age of Exploration were the first steps on the road to the

we live in today.

x For the first time in recorded history the people of the continents of the world had made contact with

one another.

x Europeans imposed their - their

worldview. The Renaissance has had a HUGE impact in the way we live and think today.