chapter 1 understanding exceptionalities

Chapter OneUNDERSTANDING EXCEPTIONALITIES

IN THE 21ST CENTURY

©2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES(slide 1 of 2)

1-1 Describe why we continue to label people even when we know it may have a negative effect on an individual.

1-2 Identify three approaches to describe human differences.

1-3 Explain how societal views on people with disabilities changed from widespread discrimination to an era of inclusion and support in the 21st century.


LEARNING OBJECTIVES(slide 2 of 2)

1-4 Identify the catalyst, effects, and provisions of the Americans with Disabilities Act.

1-5 Describe the role of health care, psychology, and social services professionals in meeting the needs of people with disabilities.


1-1 WHY LABEL PEOPLE?

• Labeling is the fundamental way society chooses to describe human difference.

• We use many labels to describe difference:– Disorder– Impairment– Disability– Handicap– Exceptional

• Labels have consequences.©2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Three Approaches to Understanding Human Difference Figure 1.1


1-2 THREE APPROACHES TO UNDERSTANDING HUMAN DIFFERENCES

• Developmental Approach • Cultural Approach • Self-Labeling• Effects of Being Labeled

– Separating the Person and the Label– Contextual Bias


1-3 CHANGING SOCIETAL VIEWS ON PEOPLE WITH DISABILITES (slide 1 of 2)

• Throughout history, people perceived as different have been vulnerable to such practices as infanticide, slavery, physical abuse, and abandonment.

• Twentieth century is marked by contradictions in formal and natural supports.


1-3 CHANGING SOCIETAL VIEWS ON PEOPLE WITH DISABILITES (slide 2 of 2)

• Advocating for Change– Parental Involvement and Advocacy– Civil Rights Movement– Federal and Court Roles


1-4 THE AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT (ADA)

• Vocational Rehabilitation Act amendment prohibited discrimination against persons with disabilities in federally assisted programs and activities.– Section 504: “No otherwise qualified person with a

disability…shall, solely on the basis of disability, be denied access to, or the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity provided by any entity/ institution that receives federal financial assistance.”


1. Having a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or major life activity,

2. Has a record of such an impairment, or 3. Is regarded as having such an

impairment


1-4a THE ADA DEFINITION OF DISABILITY

1-4b MAJOR PROVISIONS OF THE ADA(slide 1 of 2)

• The intent of ADA is to create a “fair and level playing field” for all eligible persons with disabilities. – To do so, the law specifies that reasonable

accommodations need to be made that take into account each person’s need resulting from his or her disabilities.


• Employment• Transportation• Public accommodations• Government• Telecommunications


1-4b MAJOR PROVISIONS OF THE ADA(slide 2 of 2)

1-5 THE ROLE OF PROFESSIONALS IN THE LIVES OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES

• The Role of Health Care Professionals• The Role of Psychologists• The Role of Social Services

Professionals


Common Terminology in Medicine, Psychology, and Sociology

Figure 1.2


1-5b THE ROLE OF PSYCHOLOGISTS

• Psychology is the science of behavior. • Abnormal behavior ranges from deviant to

eccentric, to neurotic disorders to psychotic disorders.

• Psychologists provide therapy treatments to many individuals with disabilities.


1-5c ROLE OF SOCIAL SERVICES PROFESSIONALS

• Four principles guide the determination of who is labeled as socially different:1.Difference is a violation of social norms.2.Social differences are not illnesses.3.Cultures impose criteria for normalcy on

the less powerful.4.Social differences are caused by

interaction of several factors.


• Community-based support• Development of natural communities of

support• Formal supports being delivered in the

context of community access and participation


LOOKING TOWARD A BRIGHT FUTURE

CASE STUDY: KEANI

• Background• Issues• Reasonable accommodations


chapter 1 understanding exceptionalities

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