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CHAPTER 1 UNITY IN DIVERSITY

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UNITY IN DIVERSITY MARS VS EARTH (WHATS THE BIG DEAL?!?)

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UNITY IN DIVERSITY WHAT IS SCIENCE? AN ORGANIZED WAY OF LOOKING AT THE WORLD AND EXPLAINING OBSERVABLE PHENOMENA WHAT DO WE OBSERVE IS THE PHENOMENA BETWEEN MARS AND EARTH? LIFE VS. NO LIFE BIOLOGY IS THE BRANCH OF SCIENCE THAT ATTEMPTS TO EXPLAIN LIFE

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UNITY IN DIVERSITY BIOLOGY THE STUDY OF LIVING THINGS

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UNITY IN DIVERSITY IN ORDER TO FULLY UNDERSTAND BIOLOGY, WE MUST UNDERSTAND THE FOLLOWING AS THE FOUNDATIONAL PRINCIPLES OF BIOLOGY HOW TO DEFINE LIFE HOW TO USE SCIENCE IN EXPLAINING BIOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES (HOW TO THINK LIKE A SCIENTIST) HOW TO ORGANIZE LIFE INTO MANAGEABLE TOPICS/GROUPS OF STUDY (CLASSIFICATION)

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UNITY IN DIVERSITY WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO BE ALIVE?? THERE IS NO EASY ANSWER/DEFINITION TO THIS QUESTIONSO WHAT CAN WE DO TO FIGURE OUT IF SOMETHING IS ALIVE??

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UNITY IN DIVERSITY WE DEFINE SOMETHING AS BEING ALIVE (AN ORGANISM) IF IT HAS THE FOLLOWING CHARACTERISTICS: LIVING THINGS ARE HIGHLY ORGANIZED AND CONTAIN MANY COMPLEX CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES LIVING THINGS ARE MADE UP OF ONE OR MORE CELLS LIVING THINGS USE ENERGY LIVING THINGS HAVE A DEFINITE FORM AND A LIMITED SIZE LIVING THINGS HAVE A LIMITED LIFE SPAN LIVING THINGS GROW LIVING THINGS RESPOND TO CHANGES IN THE ENVIRONMENT LIVING THINGS ARE ARE ABLE TO REPRODUCE GROUPS OF LIVING THINGS CHANGE OVER TIME (EVOLUTION)

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UNITY IN DIVERSITY SAY HELLO TO THE EBOLA VIRUS IS IT ALIVE?? DOES IT MEET ALL THE CRITERIA MENTIONED PREVIOUSLY??

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UNITY IN DIVERSITY WE DEFINE SOMETHING AS BEING ALIVE (AN ORGANISM) IF IT HAS THE FOLLOWING CHARACTERISTICS: LIVING THINGS ARE HIGHLY ORGANIZED AND CONTAIN MANY COMPLEX CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES - CHECK LIVING THINGS ARE MADE UP OF ONE OR MORE CELLS - CHECK LIVING THINGS USE ENERGY - CHECK LIVING THINGS HAVE A DEFINITE FORM AND A LIMITED SIZE - CHECK LIVING THINGS HAVE A LIMITED LIFE SPAN - CHECK LIVING THINGS GROW - CHECK LIVING THINGS RESPOND TO CHANGES IN THE ENVIRONMENT - CHECK LIVING THINGS ARE ARE ABLE TO REPRODUCE FAIL!!

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UNITY IN DIVERSITY NON-LIVING THINGS MAY EXHIBIT SOME OF THE CHARACTERISTICS LISTED, BUT UNLESS ALL OF THEM ARE PRESENTIT IS CONSIDERED A NONLIVING THING

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UNITY IN DIVERSITY ANOTHER WAY TO DETERMINE IF SOMETHING IS LIVING IS IF IT PERFORMS ALL OF THE LIFE PROCESSES

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UNITY IN DIVERSITY LIFE PROCESSES = H.N.T.R.S.G.E.R.M.R. (HUNTERS GERMER)

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UNITY IN DIVERSITY H = HOMEOSTASIS N = NUTRITION T = TRANSPORT R = RESPIRATION S = SYNTHESIS G = GROWTH E = EXCRETION R = REGULATION M = METABOLISM R = REPRODUCTION

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UNITY IN DIVERSITY HOMEOSTASIS MAINTAINING A STABLE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT FEEDBACK MECHANISMS

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UNITY IN DIVERSITY NUTRITION TAKING MATERIALS FROM THE EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT AND TURNING THEM INTO FORMS YOU CAN USE AUTOTROPHIC VS. HETEROTROPHIC INGESTION VS. DIGESTION VS. EGESTION

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UNITY IN DIVERSITY TRANSPORT THE PROCESS BY WHICH SUBSTANCES ENTER AND LEAVE CELLS AND BECOME DISTRIBUTED WITHIN THE CELLS *CIRCULATORY SYSTEM* SPECIALIZED SYSTEM TO ALLOW FOR TRANSPORT

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UNITY IN DIVERSITY RESPIRATION BREATHING VS. CELLULAR RESPIRATION AEROBIC VS. ANAEROBIC

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UNITY IN DIVERSITY SYNTHESIS COMBINING SIMPLE SUBSTANCES TO FORM LARGER, MORE COMPLEX SUBSTANCES

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UNITY IN DIVERSITY GROWTH PROCESS BY WHICH ORGANISMS INCREASE IN SIZE (EITHER # OF CELLS, OR SIZE OF CELL)

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UNITY IN DIVERSITY EXCRETION THE REMOVAL OF METABOLIC WASTES

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UNITY IN DIVERSITY REGULATION ALL THE ACTIVITIES THAT HELP AN ORGANISM MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS A.K.A RESPONSE

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UNITY IN DIVERSITY METABOLISM ALL THE CHEMICAL REACTIONS (RxNS) THAT OCCUR IN THE BODY

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UNITY IN DIVERSITY REPRODUCTION THE PROCESS BY WHICH LIVING THINGS PRODUCE NEW ORGANISMS OF THEIR OWN KIND ASEXUAL VS. SEXUAL *ONLY PROCESS THAT IS NOT NECESSARY FOR INDIVIDUAL*

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UNITY IN DIVERSITY ALWAYS REMEMBER H.N.T.R.S.G.E.R.M.R

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UNITY IN DIVERSITY NEXT TIME WE TALK ABOUT WHY I, AND YOU, LOVE SCIENCE LEARN TO THINK, AND ACT, LIKE A SCIENTIST

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BIOLOGY AS A SCIENCE

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THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD THE UNIVERSAL SCIENTIFIC APPROACH TO PROBLEM- SOLVING

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BIOLOGY AS A SCIENCE IDENTIFY THE PROBLEM A SCIENTIFIC PROBLEM IS PHRASED IN THE FORM OF A QUESTION EXAMPLE?? FORMULATE A HYPOTHESIS A HYPOTHESIS IS AN EDUCATED GUESS (*POSSIBLE EXPLANATION*) IF, THEN STATEMENT NEVER IN THE FORM OF A QUESTION!!!!! EXAMPLE???

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BIOLOGY AS A SCIENCE TESTING THE HYPOTHESIS EXPERIMENTATION SCIENTISTS WILL SET UP A SITUATION WHERE A PARTICULAR OBSERVATION CAN BE MADE OFTEN SCIENTISTS USE CONTROLLED EXPERIMENTS TWO, OR MORE, EXPERIMENTS ARE SET UP WHERE ONLY A SINGLE FACTOR IS DIFFERENT BETWEEN THEM THAT SINGLE FACTOR IS CALLED A VARIABLE

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BIOLOGY AS A SCIENCE CONTROLLED EXPERIMENT CONTROL GROUP VS. EXPERIMENTAL GROUP

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BIOLOGY AS A SCIENCE THE PLACEBO EFFECT

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BIOLOGY AS A SCIENCE OBSERVE AND RECORD DATA ANALYZE DATA DRAW CONCLUSIONS RETEST / RETEST / RETEST / RETEST / RETEST / RETEST / RETEST / RETEST / RETEST / RETEST SCIENTIFIC THEORIES EXPLANATIONS THAT APPLY TO A BROAD RANGE OF PHENOMENA AND THAT ARE SUPPORTED BY EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE SCIENTIFIC LAWS A STATEMENT THAT DESCRIBES SOME ASPECT OF A PHENOMENA THAT IS ALWAYS TRUENOT AN EXPLANATION!!!

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BIOLOGY AS A SCIENCE SI SYSTEM

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BIOLOGY AS A SCIENCE TOOLS OF THE BIOLOGIST THE LIGHT MICROSCOPE THE SIMPLE MICROSCOPE THE COMPOUND MICROSCOPE THE PHASE-CONTRAST MICROSCOPE THE STEREOMICROSCOPE THE ELECTRON MICROSCOPE LABORATORY TECHNIQUES CENTRIFUGATION MICRODISSECTION CHROMATOGRAPHY ELECTROPHORESIS SPECTROPHOTOMETERS

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BIOLOGY AS A SCIENCE THE LIGHT MICROSCOPE MAGNIFICATION VS. RESOLUTION

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BIOLOGY AS A SCIENCE PHASE-CONTRAST MICROSCOPES

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BIOLOGY AS A SCIENCE STEREOMICROSCOPES HELPFUL TO SEE EXTERIOR SURFACES, USUALLY PROVIDES A MORE 3-D IMAGE

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BIOLOGY AS A SCIENCE ELECTRON MICROSCOPES TRANSMISSION VS SCANNING 1,000,000x MAGNIFACTION, BUT

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BIOLOGY AS A SCIENCE ELECTRON MICROSCOPES TRANSMISSION VS SCANNING 1,000,000x MAGNIFACTION, BUT

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BIOLOGY AS A SCIENCE LABORATORY TECHNIQUES CENTRIFUGATION CHROMATOGRAPHY ELECTROPHORESIS

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BIOLOGY AS A SCIENCE LETS KEEP LEARNINGSO YOU ARE ALL SMART ENOUGH TO AVOID DOING

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CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS

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ABOUT HOW MANY LIVING THINGS EXIST ON EARTH? 1.5 MILLION KNOWN ORGANISMS THOUSANDS MORE IDENTIFIED EACH YEAR ABOUT 10 MILLION DIFFERENT ORGANISMS BELIEVED TO EXIST ON EARTH

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CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS WITH SO MANY DIFFERENT LIVING THINGS, IT IS ESSENTIAL FOR SCIENTISTS TO ORGANIZE THEM TO MAKE IT EASIER TO SHARE, AND STUDY, INFORMATION ABOUT LIVING THINGS

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CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS THE BRANCH OF BIOLOGY THAT DEALS WITH CLASSIFICATION (GROUPING) AND NAMING LIVING THINGS IS CALLED TAXONOMY

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CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS WHY ORGANIZE??

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CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS EARLY CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM

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CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS MODERN CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM BASED UPON THE WORK OF CAROLUS LINNAEUS ISNT HE A HOTTIE?!?!?

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CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS IF YOU WERE TO GROUP THINGS TOGETHER, WHAT WOULD YOU USE? LINNAEUS GROUPED THINGS BASED ON PHYSICAL(STRUCTURAL) SIMILARITY DIFFERENT LEVELS OF GROUPS WERE CREATED TO DEMONSTRATE VARIOUS LEVELS OF SIMILARITY

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CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS TAXONOMIC CATEGORIES K INGS P LAY C HESS O N F LAT G LASS S QUARES

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CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS

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A BONUS OF THIS CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM IS THAT IT LED TO A SIMPLE METHOD FOR NOMENCLATURE = NAMING SYSTEM BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE

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CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE TWO NAME NAMING SYSTEM TWO NAMES COME FROM THE GENUS AND SPECIES GROUPS OF CLASSIFICATION SCIENTIFIC NAME WHY IS THIS SO IMPORTANT??

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CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS WHAT MAKES LIVING THINGS THE SAME SPECIES? SPECIES A POPULATION OF ORGANISMS THAT IS ABLE TO REPRODUCE WITH EACH OTHER AND PRODUCE FERTILE OFFSPRING

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CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS MODERN TAXONOMICAL PRINCIPLES STRUCTURAL INFORMATION BIOCHEMICAL INFORMATION CYTOLOGICAL INFORMATION EMBRYOLOGICAL INFORMATION BEHAVIORAL INFORMATION FOSSIL INFORMATION

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CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS MAJOR TAXONOMICAL GROUPS

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CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS KINGDOM MONERA PROKARYOTES ARCHAEBACTERIA VS. EUBACTERIA KINGDOM PROTISTA EUKARYOTE AMEBA PARAMECIUM EUGLENA

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CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS KINGDOM FUNGI EUKARYOTES HETEROTROPH CELL WALL KINGDOM PLANTS EUKARYOTES AUTOTROPH CELL WALL

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CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS KINGDOM ANIMALS EUKARYOTES HETEROTROPH REPRESENTATIVE ORGANISMS HYDRA EARTHWORM GRASSHOPPER HUMAN

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CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS WITH GROUPS MADE, SCIENTISTS USE TAXONOMIC KEYS TO CLASSIFY ORGANISMS

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CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS CLASSIFICATION / GROUPING ALLOWS US TO ORGANIZE HOW WE STUDY BIOLOGY LIFES HIERARCHY

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CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS LIFES HIERARCHY GIVES US A PLACE TO START DISCUSSING THE SPECIFICS OF HOW LIFE WORKS SO LETS GET TO IT!!!