Chapter 1What is Science

Grade 8

When scientists create a representation of a complex process, they are

makin

g models.

inferri

ng.

predicti

ng

classi

fying.

25% 25%25%25%

1. making models.2. inferring.3. predicting4. classifying.

Explaining or interpreting the things you observe based on reasoning

from what you already know is called

observ

ing.

inferri

ng.

predicti

ng.

classi

fying.

25% 25%25%25%

1. observing.2. inferring.3. predicting.4. classifying.

A scientist communicates their results with specific procedures in

order for ________ to occur.

predicti

on.

replic

ation.

evaluating.

observ

ation.

25% 25%25%25%

1. prediction.2. replication.3. evaluating.4. observation.

Using one or more of your senses to gather information is called

observ

ing.

inferri

ng.

predicti

ng.

classi

fying.

25% 25%25%25%

1. observing.2. inferring.3. predicting.4. classifying.

Observations that deal with descriptions that cannot be expressed in numbers are called

manipulate

d observ

ations.

quantitative obse

rvations.

qualitative obse

rvati

ons.

operational o

bserva

tions.

25% 25%25%25%

1. manipulated observations.2. quantitative observations.3. qualitative observations.4. operational observations.

One useful tool that may help a scientist interpret data by revealing unexpected

patterns is a

varia

ble.

graph.

theory

. la

w.

25% 25%25%25%

1. variable.2. graph.3. theory.4. law.

Being able to identify good sources of scientific information and apply the

knowledge to problems in your life is a part of . . .

scientific i

nquiry.

scientific h

ypoth

esis.

scientific l

iteracy

.

scientific l

aws.

25% 25%25%25%1. scientific inquiry.2. scientific hypothesis.3. scientific literacy.4. scientific laws.

Making a statement or claim about what will happen in the future based on past experiences or

evidence is called

observ

ing.

inferri

ng.

predicti

ng.

classi

fying.

25% 25%25%25%

1. observing.2. inferring.3. predicting.4. classifying.

In science, a hypothesis must be

corre

ct.

manipulate

d.

contro

lled.

testa

ble.

25% 25%25%25%

1. correct.2. manipulated.3. controlled.4. testable.

In a scientific experiment, facts, figures and other evidence gathered through

observations are called

data.

laws.

dependent varia

bles.

independent v

ariables.

25% 25%25%25%

1. data.2. laws.3. dependent variables.4. independent variables.

When scientists put things into categories or group together items that

are alike in some way, they are

makin

g models.

inferri

ng.

predicti

ng.

classi

fying.

25% 25%25%25%

1. making models.2. inferring. 3. predicting.4. classifying.

Palm reading and astrology are examples of . . .

empirica

l evidence

.

qualitative obse

rvati

ons.

pseudosci

ence.

objective re

asoning.

25% 25%25%25%

1. empirical evidence.2. qualitative observations.3. pseudoscience.4. objective reasoning.

Why is it important for people to understand scientific principles and to think scientifically?

It helps p

eople estimate

...

It helps p

eople decide w

...

It allo

ws people to

make

...

It allo

ws people to

expla.

.

25% 25%25%25%1. It helps people estimate cost of products.

2. It helps people decide what to buy.

3. It allows people to make informed decisions.

4. It allows people to explain topics like an expert.

During an experiment, if you purposely change the temperature to test a hypothesis, the temperature is called the

independent v

ariable.

experim

ental vari

able.

hypothetica

l varia

ble.

dependent varia

ble.

25% 25%25%25%

1. independent variable.2. experimental variable.3. hypothetical variable.4. dependent variable.

A summary of what you learned from a scientific experiment is called a(n)

hypothesis

.

inquiry

.

conclu

sion.

law.

25% 25%25%25%

1. hypothesis.2. inquiry.3. conclusion.4. law.

When scientific investigations produce data that show new patterns that contradict existing conclusions, scientists should

ignore

the co

ntradict

ory...

check

the data

for e

rror..

.

thro

w out the old data

a..

change th

e new data so

...

25% 25%25%25%

1. ignore the contradictory data and keep the old conclusions.

2. check the data for errors and revise or replace the old conclusions if needed.

3. throw out the old data and use the new data only to reach new conclusions.

4. change the new data so that it fits the old conclusions.

Which describes how opinion and scientific evidence are related?

Evidence

is an id

ea that..

.

Scientific e

vidence and ...

An opinion is an id

ea tha...

Scientific e

vidence and ...

25% 25%25%25%

1. Evidence is an idea that may be confirmed by an opinion.

2. Scientific evidence and opinion are the same thing.

3. An opinion is an idea that is not proven by evidence.

4. Scientific evidence and opinion are not related.

Reliable information comes from a person or an organization that is not

biased.

Scientific.

educational.

teste

d.

25% 25%25%25%

1. biased.2. Scientific.3. educational.4. tested.

A scientist’s open-mindedness should always be balanced by ____, which is having an attitude of doubt.

skepticis

m

curio

sity

creativity bias

25% 25%25%25%

1. skepticism2. curiosity3. creativity4. bias

During an experiment, which factors must be controlled so that researchers can draw logical conclusions from the experiment?

varia

ble

hypothese

s

inquiri

es

theorie

s

25% 25%25%25%

1. variable2. hypotheses3. inquiries4. theories

Which of the following is a valid reason why a scientist might reject a scientific

theory?

Some people disa

gree w

i..

It co

vers to

o broad a to

pic.

New evid

ence co

ntradict

...

It is

too old.

25% 25%25%25%

1. Some people disagree with it.

2. It covers too broad a topic.

3. New evidence contradicts it.

4. It is too old.

To find out why food left on the kitchen counter eventually molds is an example of

using sc

ientific inquiry

developing a th

eory

makin

g a pre

diction

colle

cting d

ata

25% 25%25%25%

1. using scientific inquiry2. developing a theory3. making a prediction4. collecting data

The following are sources of reliable information except?

Muse

ums

Adverti

sements

Govern

ment agencie

s

Unive

rsities

25% 25%25%25%1. Museums2. Advertisements3. Government agencies4. Universities

Scientific knowledge changes with

new maga

zine arti

cles.

care

ful re

ading of fa

cts.

repeate

d experim

ents.

new evidence

and new i...

25% 25%25%25%1. new magazine articles.2. careful reading of facts.3. repeated experiments.4. new evidence and new

interpretations.

If you conduct an experiment and draw conclusions that are based on your beliefs rather than the facts, you are using

subjecti

ve reaso

ning.

objective re

asoning.

faulty

reas

oning.

experim

ental re

asoning.

25% 25%25%25%1. subjective reasoning.2. objective reasoning.3. faulty reasoning.4. experimental reasoning.

When you make decisions and design experiments, what kind of information do you

need?

Biased and re

liable

Relevant a

nd relia

ble

Openminded and sk

eptical

Relevant a

nd subjecti

ve

25% 25%25%25%1. Biased and reliable2. Relevant and reliable3. Openminded and skeptical4. Relevant and subjective

Be able to read a data chart and identify:• The independent variable• The dependent variable• Be able to make a prediction about future

data • Be able to draw a conclusion based on given

data

Similar to the Variables worksheet…

Be able to read a scenario and identify• The manipulated/independent variable• The responding/dependent variable• The controlled variables

Be able to read a data chart and• Create a line graph with titles and a key• Explain the dependent and independent

variable.• Explain variables that need to be controlled in

the experiment.• Make conclusions from the graph/table.