chapter 10. europe in the middle ages (the high middle ages) 1000-1500
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 10. Europe in the Middle Ages
(The High Middle Ages)
Chapter 10. Europe in the Middle Ages
(The High Middle Ages)•1000-1500•1000-1500
• CHAPTER 10 – Learning Objectives• I can:• 10.1• 1. Describe advances if farming, industry, the
manorial system and the rise of cities.• 10.2• Explain how the church influenced the life of women in
the Middle Ages• Describe the reforms made by the Church that affected the
development of medieval civilization.• 10.3• Explain the significance of the invention of the flying
buttress in architecture.• Explain how Thomas Aquinas’ Summa Theologica
reflected a changing view of the university in medieval Europe.
• 10.4• Identify the economic consequences of the Black Death.• Explain why the Hundred Years’ War was a turning point
in the ways of warfare.
Section 1. Peasants, Trade and
Cities
Section 1. Peasants, Trade and
Cities
Agricultural RevolutionAgricultural Revolution
After AD 1000 Climate
improved
After AD 1000 Climate
improved
Horses replace oxenHorses replace oxen•New horsecollar, shoes•Faster than oxen
•New horsecollar, shoes•Faster than oxen
Heavier Heavier PlowPlow 2424
Heavier Heavier PlowPlow 2424
Shift from two to three field system
(about 800)
Shift from two to three field system
(about 800)
More land cleared and
drained
More land cleared and
drained
Result: more land cultivated, more food, better diet
•Population explosion!
ManorsManors 2525
Typical Medieval Manor Typical Medieval Manor 1919
•1. Basic economic 1. Basic economic unit of the Middle unit of the Middle AgesAges•2. Everything owned 2. Everything owned by the lord (mills, by the lord (mills, ovens, churches ovens, churches etc.)etc.)
3. Self-contained 3. Self-contained communitycommunity
1616
4. Serfs (60% of 4. Serfs (60% of Europe by 800) Europe by 800) and Peasants paid and Peasants paid for use of land for use of land with service and with service and percentage of percentage of cropscrops
4. Serfs (60% of 4. Serfs (60% of Europe by 800) Europe by 800) and Peasants paid and Peasants paid for use of land for use of land with service and with service and percentage of percentage of cropscrops
Peasant LifePeasant LifePeasant LifePeasant Life
June June 4343
Fall Fall 4343
Winter Winter 4343
At least 50 At least 50 Religious Religious holidaysholidays
At least 50 At least 50 Religious Religious holidaysholidays
Fool’s Day Fool’s Day 4343
Execution Execution Day Day 4343
Massacre of the Massacre of the Innocents Innocents 4343
Massacre of the Massacre of the Innocents Innocents 4343
•Diet usually adequate–Lots of bread–Little Meat–LOTS of beer and wine (monks got 3 gallons of ale per day)
Peasant Peasant Dance Dance 22
Trade and Finance Expanded
People went to towns to trade
•Fairs broke down independence –Great Fairs in Cathedral towns–Local Fairs in small towns
•Fairs broke down independence –Great Fairs in Cathedral towns–Local Fairs in small towns
•Manors were no longer self-reliant
•Manors were no longer self-reliant
Montagnana, Italy 45
Towns GrewTowns Grew
•1. Increased population•2. Serfs fled manors•3. Fair and Pilgrim centers
•1. Increased population•2. Serfs fled manors•3. Fair and Pilgrim centers
Carcassonne, France
4. Usually walled for defense4. Usually walled for defense
Medieval Town, France 9
Rothenburg, Rothenburg, GermanyGermany
Townhouse 9
Period of great innovation
Period of great innovation
Waterwheels and Windmills 24
Waterwheels and Windmills 24
Medieval Trade 28
Medieval Trade 28
http://encarta.msn.com/index/conciseindex/20/MediaMax.asp?pg=3&ti=761559716&idx=461547227
The Hanseatic League
•Powerful trading league of German cities controlled trade in Northern Europe
•Powerful trading league of German cities controlled trade in Northern Europe
Hansa Houses in Germany 4
Italian city-states controlled trade in the
Mediterranean
Italian city-states controlled trade in the
Mediterranean
•Venice
•Florence
Venice
Dyer’s Guild4
GuildsGuilds
•1. Regulated price, wage and quality of an occupation
•1. Regulated price, wage and quality of an occupation
2. Apprentice system2. Apprentice system•5-9 yrs. •Apprentice--paid to
do the dirty work•Journeyman-worked for wages
•5-9 yrs. •Apprentice--paid to
do the dirty work•Journeyman-worked for wages
Master could establish his own business
Master could establish his own business
•Masterpiece=Sample of best work •Masterpiece=Sample of best work
Financial revolutionFinancial revolution•1. Business required money, loans•2. Usury (loaning for a profit) forbidden by Church
•1. Business required money, loans•2. Usury (loaning for a profit) forbidden by Church
3. Only Jews could be
bankers (later, changed)
3. Only Jews could be
bankers (later, changed)
Urban life reborn
Unregulated growth of towns=filth and lack of services
Unregulated growth of towns=filth and lack of services
Medieval Sanitation 9
Towns bring a new social orderTowns bring a
new social order
•1. Serfs could be free if they lived in a town for 1 year
•1. Serfs could be free if they lived in a town for 1 year
2. Town Charter: burghers, bourgeoisie (townspeople) bought freedom from lords for $
2. Town Charter: burghers, bourgeoisie (townspeople) bought freedom from lords for $
3. Townspeople formed a new class: The Middle Class
3. Townspeople formed a new class: The Middle Class
Digression: Crime and
Punishment in the Middle Ages
Digression: Crime and
Punishment in the Middle Ages
Roman LawRoman Law
•Evidence, burden of proof, face one’s accuser,•Same law for all•Torture to obtain a confession
•Evidence, burden of proof, face one’s accuser,•Same law for all•Torture to obtain a confession
Germanic TraditionGermanic Tradition
•No Torture. •Instead…
•No Torture. •Instead…
Trial by OrdealTrial by Ordeal
•Hot water, cold water•Hot irons, hot coals•Champions
•Hot water, cold water•Hot irons, hot coals•Champions
Torture chamber atTorture chamber atRothenburgRothenburg
PunishmentPunishment•Stocks, Masks•Flogging, bastinado•Branding•Amputation•Hanging, Beheading
•Stocks, Masks•Flogging, bastinado•Branding•Amputation•Hanging, Beheading
Maskworn by a “nag”44
Maskworn by a “nag”44
The The Baker’s Baker’s ChairChair
The Inquisition reintroduced The Inquisition reintroduced torturetorture
•Showing the instruments•Thumb screws•The Horse, The Hot Seat•Stretching on the rack, hanging by the arms
•Showing the instruments•Thumb screws•The Horse, The Hot Seat•Stretching on the rack, hanging by the arms
Judas Judas CradleCradle
The RackThe Rack
The IronThe Iron Maiden Maiden
Capital PunishmentCapital Punishment
•Beheading•The Cage•Drawing and Quartering
•Beheading•The Cage•Drawing and Quartering
The The WheelWheel
Breaking on the WheelBreaking on the Wheel