1

Chapter 10 Objectives

� SWBAT:

� Evaluate advances in farming & industry, the manorial system, and the rise of cities;

� Explain the dominant role played by the medieval Church;

� Appraise the high points of culture during the High Middle Ages;

� Examine the various misfortunes that challenged Europe in the fourteenth century.

2

Key Events

� Revival of trade led to growth of towns and

cities that became important centers for

manufacturing

� Catholic Church was an important part of

people’s lives during the Medieval period

� During the 14th & early 15th centuries,

Europeans experienced many issues such

as the Black Death, Hundred Year’s War,

issues in the Church

3

The Impact Today

� Revival of trade brought with it a money economy and the emergence of capitalism

� Modern universities had their origins in medieval Europe

� Medieval history of Europe can be seen today in Europe’s great Cathedrals

4

Chapter 10, section 4 – The Late Middle Ages

� THE BLACK DEATH

� Bubonic plagues was most common

form; carried by fleas

Black death virus

5

� Oct.1347 – Italian merchants brought plague from Black Sea to Sicily; took one year to spread to S Italy and S France

� 1348/1349 – plague spreads through France, Belgium, Lux., Neth., Germany

� 1349 – hits

England,

N. Europe,

Scandinavia

6

� 1351 – E. Europe & Russia infected

� 1/3 to 1/2 of total European population died; entire villages and towns disappeared

� Causes of plague: punishment from God; caused by

the devil; brought

by Jews, cats,

and witches

7

� Economic hit –

� trade ↓

�shortage of workers caused price of labor to

�Demand for food ↓, prices went down

�Serfdom began to fail as peasants bargained with lords to pay rent instead of owing services

8

� DECLINE OF CHURCH POWER

� European kings did not like papal

claims of supremacy

� Pope Boniface VIII & King Philip IV of

France

�Philip wanted to tax clergy, pope

said no

�Philip sent soldiers to Rome, pope

escaped but died

9

�Philip rigged election & got French

pope, Clement V; moved papacy to

Avignon

�After 70 years, very corrupt; moved

to Rome under Pope Gregory XI

(died quickly)

�Rome warned of trouble if new

pope were not Italian; Pope Urban

VI

10

�5 months later, FR cardinals

declared election invalid and

placed FR pope on throne in

Avignon

�GREAT SCHISM – 1378-1417

– 2 popes (FR against IT)

11

�Damaged church; people’s faith

in pope & church lowered when

there are 2 & excommunicate

one another

�1417 – council meeting ended

Great Schism; reigning popes

resigned or were deposed, new

pope elected

12

� Damage was done – church lost

much political power and factions

were breaking away

13

� HUNDRED YEARS WAR

� 1337 – 1453

� CAUSE: 13th C, England holds small

amount of land in France; English

king pledged loyalty to French king

as a vassal

�FR king seized land to take it back

& England declares war

14

� Knights were excited to fight

� Peasants & foot soldiers were deciding factors in battle

�FR army relied on cavalry & their knights thought foot soldiers were beneath them

�BR army had cavalry but

relied on PAID foot

soldiers with long bows

15

� 1st battle – FR had no plan of attack

and were beaten; BR did not have

enough resources to complete win

� 2nd battle – BR won in a muddy battle

& took much of N FR

16

� Joan of Arc – daughter of wealthy peasants, very religious; convinced king to give her an army at Orleans; FR captured the city

�Captured by BR in 1430; tried & convicted of witchcraft & burned at steak

�Turned the war for FR

(that and the use of the

cannon)

17

� POLITICAL RECOVERY

� For a time, many kings did not have male heirs & there was fighting over the throne; 15th c, new rulers began to re-establish central power

� FRANCE:

� Louis XI – “the spider”

� -used taille; gave him

regular income

18

� ENGLAND:

� -War of the Roses – series of civil conflicts

� -Henry VII – abolished private armies of the

nobles (ending wars); won support by

lessening the tax burden on nobles and

peasants

19

� SPAIN:

� Aragon & Castile, two strong Christian kingdoms in mostly Muslim Spain; heads of those kingdoms married (Isabella & Ferdinand)

� Expelled all Jews & Muslims from Spain under

pressure

from nobles

20

� HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE

� Was really land of 100 independent

German states

� 1438 – ruled buy the wealthy

Hapsburgs

Maxmillian I

Of the

Hapsburg

Empire

21

� EASTERN EUROPE

� NOT easy to unify b/c of…

�Religion (Orthodox –v- Roman

Catholic)

�Elected king (weakened royal

authority)

�Russia broke free of Mongols

under Ivan III

22

Works Cited� http://fineartamerica.com/featured/black-death-virus-douglas-barnett.html

� http://ibpkillinggame.blogspot.com/2006/12/death-in-art.html

� http://www.thekustore.com/kucatalog.cgi/TP852� http://deathblack.wordpress.com/

� http://ccsfourthgradeblog.blogspot.com/2011/02/history-great-papal-schism.html

� http://mrgrayhistory.wikispaces.com/UNIT+7+-+LATER+MIDDLE+AGES

� http://madmonaco.blogspot.com/2011/01/rainier-ii-and-western-schism.html

� http://egantner.blogspot.com/2010/11/great-schism.html� http://www.probertencyclopaedia.com/cgi-bin/res.pl?keyword=Long-Bow&offset=0

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� http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_XI_of_France

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� http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Habsburg

� http://www.traditioninaction.org/OrganicSociety/A_052RomanEmpire.html