Chapter 10 The Union in

Peril

10.1 Differences Between North & South:

North South

Industry 1. Sewing Machines 2. Farm Equipment 3. Guns4. 20k miles of track5. Telegraph lines

Agriculture

1. Rural Society2. Economy relies on

crops – cotton3. Rivers –

transportation

Most immigrants settled in the North

Few settled South – lack of work

Immigrants feared slavery for 2 reasons

1. Labor competition 2. Status reduction

10.1 Differences Between North & South:

10.1 Tension Builds

David Wilmot introduces bill

“neither slavery or involuntary servitude shall ever exist”

Bill would ban slavery in territories acquired from Mexico

Provision divides Congress along regional lines

Northerners were angry:

1. Southerners refused to support the American System

2. Slave States = more members in Congress 3. Deny economic opportunities to Northern

workers

10.1 The Wilmot Proviso

Southerners oppose Proviso: 1.Raised complex issues – slaves are property 2.Property protected by Constitution 3.Law would equate to power shift benefiting the

North

10.1 The Wilmot Proviso

Provision passes the House of Representatives, but is rejected by the Senate

10.1 The Wilmot Proviso

Population explosion

Constitutional convention held

1. Constitution adopted2. Governor elected 3. Legislature elected

Applies to join Union

California

California Missouri Compromise

application desired Resulting in California

becoming a…

President Taylor – States decision

Southern threat – succession

1. California 2. Border dispute 3. Abolish slavery in D.C. 4. Enforce Fugitive Slave Act if

1793

Senate Debates

Clay’s Compromise Compromise of 1850

North South

1. California free

2. Popular Sovereignty

1. More effective slave act

2. Popular Sovereignty

3. $10 million to Texas for New

Mexico

Clay’s Plea Consequences for non-

compliance

1.Disunion 2.War Webster and Calhoun agree on compromise

Senate rejects compromise

Stephen A. Douglas reintroduces the compromise in sections

Compromise passes after eight months

Secession threat halted

Compromise is Adopted

What were the two main reasons that the North feared slavery?

List three or four ways in which the North and South differed?

Describe the Wilmot Proviso and Explain why it was supported by Northerners

Why did California’s application for statehood create an uproar?

What is popular sovereignty? Who pushed for the passage of the

compromise after it was rejected by the Senate?

10.1 Review - WARM-UP

Warm Up November 16 1. List three ways in which the North and the South differed in the mid 1800’s.2. Why did California’s application for statehood cause such and uproar?3. What northern issues and southern issues were addressed by the Compromise of 1850?

1. List three ways in which the North and the South differed in the mid 1800’s.1. The North had an industrial rather than an agricultural economy2. North mainly opposed slavery, while the south relied upon slave labor3. The North had more urban growth as well as more growth in immigrant population2. Why did California’s application for statehood cause such and uproar?While most CA voters opposed slavery, most of the state lay south of the Missouri Compromise line, and therefore legally should have been open to slavery3. What northern issues and southern issues were addressed by the Compromise of 1850?North: banishing of slavery in CA; the restricting of slavery in TX so that it would not include New Mexico.South: a tougher fugitive slave law; money to defray the costs of the War with Mexico (both sides were pleased by popular sovereignty)

What were the two main reasons that the North feared slavery?

1. Labor Competition 2. Status Reduction

List three ways in which the North and South differed?

1. Agriculture 2. Industrial 3. Slavery 4. Immigrants

10.1 Review

Describe the Wilmot Proviso? - Law that would close slavery to new territory

acquired from Mexico

Explain why it was supported by Northerners

- It prevented the expansion of slavery

Why did California’s application for statehood create an uproar?

- Because California banned slavery, thereby making it a free state

10.1 Review

What is popular sovereignty? - Residence vote on slavery issue for their state

Who pushed for the passage of the compromise after it was rejected by the Senate?

- Stephen Douglas

How was Douglas able to get the compromise to pass Congress?

-Unbundling

10.1 Review

KEY TERMS FOR LESSON PLANFUGITIVE SLAVE ACT - PERSONAL LIBERTY LAWSUNDERGROUND RAILROAD – HARRIET TUBMANHARRIET BEECHER STOWE – UNCLE TOM’S CABINKANSAS/NEBRASKA ACT - JOHN BROWNBLEEDING KANSAS

10.2 Protest, Resistance, & Violence

Fugitive Slave Act (Personal Voice pg.311 )

(escaped slaves returned to bondage) Federal Commissioners earned $10 if they returned the slave and$5 if they freed them Personal Liberty Laws – 9 states Forbid imprisonment of slaves andGuaranteed jury trials – drag out Penalty for helping a slave$1000 fine

10.2 Protest, Resistance, & Violence Resisting the Law:

Northerners:1. Organize vigilance committees2. Violence

Nine states pass “personal liberty laws” 3. Banned imprisonment of slaves 4. Guaranteed trial by jury

10.2 Protest, Resistance, & ViolenceThe Underground Railroad:

The evolution…

A network of free blacks and sympathetic Anglo's (abolitionist) would aid slaves in their escape

Slaves hid in secret tunnels or “cupboards”

Once North - options

10.2 Protest, Resistance, & Violence Harriet Tubman Conductor 19 trips 300 slaves Armed with pistol

Destination: Chicago, Illinois

Detroit, Michigan

Sandusky, Ohio

Erie, Pennsylvania

Boston, Massachusetts

Montreal, Canada

10.2 Protest, Resistance, & Violence Uncle Tom’s Cabin:

Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811-1896)

Reaction to the book

1. Northerners protest slave act2. Southerners criticize it as an attack on the South

10.2 The Kansas-Nebraska Act If Passed; act would…1. Repeal the Missouri Compromise2. Establish popular sovereignty

Both states north of Missouri Compromise Line

Kansas-Nebraska Act would divide states between North & South

1. Kansas – South 2. Nebraska – North - Act becomes law in May 1854

10.2 Bleeding Kansas Popular Sovereignty encourage influx

The race was on… Northerners & Southerners attempt to populate Kansas.

March 1855 minimum population met

Missouri residents invade & vote illegally

Proslavery wins out in Kansas

The Sack of Lawrence

Antislavery settlers establishes town Proslavery grand jury condemns town Posse burns headquarters Loot homes Destroy towns newspapers printing press

Pottawatomie Massacre John Brown responds to Lawrence incident Believed God called on him to fight slavery Brown believes people were killed in

Lawrence Brown seeks revenge

May 24th he and followers attack 5 men Hacked off their heads

Incident leads to wide spread violence 200 people killed, brown leaves Kansas

Violence in Senate

Charles Sumner delivers speech attacking colleagues

Andrew Butler – verbally attacked

Preston Brooks retaliates; hitting Sumner over the head repeatedly with a cane

IN PAIRS…..COMPLETE 1 -4 AND EOC PRACTICE PAGE 317

THEN BEGIN TO READ “THE BIRTH OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY (SECTION 3 318-323) HOMEWORK MAKE SURE YOU FINISH ABOVE READING AND 324-331 SECTION 4 (SLAVERY AND SECESSION

Warm-up

1. Why did Kansas become a center of controversy over the issue of slavery?

1. Why did Kansas become a center of controversy over the issue of slavery?Because the Kansas-Nebraska Act opened the territory to slavery , and both pro and antislavery forces settled in Kansas and fought for control of its territorial government

Politcal Parties – The birth of the Republican Party

KNOW-NOTHINGS a group to curtail the political influence of immigrants. Whenever a member was asked about the group, he would say, “I know nothing.” They accepted into their group only native born Protestants.

FREE SOIL PARTY a short lived political party which opposed the extension of slavery into the territories a “It’s a party for keeping FREE SOIL and not setting men free.”

REPUBLICAN PARTY combined anti-slavery Democrats and Free-Soilers – founder Horace Greeley

10.4 Slavery & Secession Dread Scott

Supreme (racist) Court“slaves were property, not people, and therefore couldgo into a slave state and still be a slave.”

This made the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional The Decision - “Slaves do not have the right of citizens”

10.4 Lincoln Douglas Debate

Lincoln challenges Douglas

The debates focused on slavery in the territories

Douglas – though he did not think slavery was immoral, popular sovereignty would allow slavery to pass away on its own

Lincoln – “I am not, nor ever have been, in favor of bringing about in any way the social and political equality of the white and black races.”

He did, however, insist that slavery was a moral, social, and political wrong that should not be allowed to spread.

Lincoln Douglas Debates

10.4 Harpers Ferry October 16, 1859, John Brown leads 21 men

Goal:1. Seize federal arsenal in Virginia 2. Give weapons to slaves in area 3. Start uprising

Harpers Ferry Antislavery & Violent Military attacks house

where Brown held hostages

10 of Brown’s men die

Brown captured & charged with treason

December 2, 1859 – hung

Brown viewed as a martyr in North

10.4 Election of 1860

Republican Nomination: Senator William Seward v. Abraham Lincoln

Lincoln win nomination

Other Presidential Candidates:1. J.C Breckinridge – Southern Democrat 2. Stephen A. Douglas – Northern Democrat 3. John Bell – Constitutional Union

10.4 Southern Secession The election proved that the south no

longer had a political voice.

South Carolina responds William Sherman (Personal Voice 330)

Southern States take note: 1. Mississippi2. Florida3. Alabama4. Georgia5. Louisiana 6. Texas

10.4 Southern Secession

February 4, 1861- Confederate States of America

Constitution created:1. Slavery “protected & recognized” 2. Each State “Sovereign & Independent”

Former U.S. Senator Jefferson Daviselected president

10.4 Southern Secession Seven slave states secede but eight remain

Members of Congress & Cabinet resign

President Buchanan confused & unsure what steps needed to be taken.

Chapter 10 Review 1/6 What region of the country favored the

Wilmot Proviso? North

Clay, Calhoun and Webster supported the Compromise of 1850

Secession

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Members of the Know-Nothing Party did not support rights of immigrants

Chapter 10 Review 2/6 Horace Greeley was one of the founders of the

Republican Party.

The topic of the Lincoln-Douglas debate was the issue of slavery in the territories

Know all seven Confederate states

West Virginia refused to secede

The fact that the Southern economy was rural & consisted of mostly plantations its economy became dependant on slavery

Chapter 10 Review 3/6

Henry Clay offered the compromise in hopes of avoiding a war over slavery

Northern resistance 1. Underground Railroad2. Lengthy legal battles 3. Passage of personal liberty laws

Chapter 10 Review 4/6

Passage of the Kansas – Nebraska Act resulted in popular sovereignty in both states

Lincoln became a republican after leaving the Whig party

Buchannan defeats Fremont in 1856 election

- As a result, the South remains in the Union

Chapter 10 Review 5/6

Lincoln felt that slavery was morally & politically wrong

A result of Harpers Ferry was an increase in tensions between North & south

People who supported nativism feared & opposed immigration

1856, democrat James Buchanan won election

Chapter 10 Review 6/6

Know-Nothing Party started as a secret organization

Republicans were united in that they opposed slavery

Free-Soil Party did not want slavery in the territories

In the Lincoln debates Stephen A. Douglas argued that popular sovereignty would allow slavery to pass away on its own