chapter 11 organizing your speech organizing your speech #1b- ucla’s higher education research...
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Chapter 11Organizing Your Speech
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Organizing Your Speech• #1B- UCLA’s Higher Education Research Institute found that over
30% of all students who entered college need study and organizational skills.
• #16T/F- You will learn more if you study with a direction or logical sequencing in mind.
• This is also true with speeches since audience’s will understand more if your speech is well organized.
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The Introduction• #2B- Your speech should be organized into 3 distinct parts.
• #3B- You should begin with a well-thought introduction.
• #4B- For many, the toughest part of a speech, psychologically, is the beginning.
• #5B- A good introduction can “make or break” you because it sets the tone for the speech.
• #6B- The first words you say to the audience must make them want to listen.
• #1IC- The four goals of an introduction are getting the audience’s attention, linking the attention getter to the thesis statement, stating a thesis statement, and previewing the speech’s contents.
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The Introduction• The first step in the introduction is choosing an attention-getter.
• #2IC- In picking an attention-getter, you should pick what works for you and choose what feels comfortable to you.
• #17T/F- You should not use humor or a funny start in your speech. A humorous approach can backfire.
• #3IC- The five types of attention-getters are asking questions, making a reference, saying a startling statement, saying a quotation, or telling a story.
• #7B- Asking your audience a question fires up their curiosity and makes them active participants in your speech.
• A rhetorical question is a question that the audience answers silently in their head. This the best type of question to ask.
• Beware of asking the audience to answer aloud since your never know what someone will say.
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The Introduction• Making a reference means referring to people in the audience or
surroundings to try to become comfortable and conversational with your audience.
• #18T/F- Appropriate references can allow you to work well with your audience.
• #19T/F- It is not all right to make a casual reference to someone in the audience whom you barely know.
• A startling statement tries to shock your audience into paying attention.
• #20T/F- It is possible to offend someone with a startling attention- getter.
• #21T/F- The audience will not forgive something that is in bad taste.
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The Introduction• #4IC- A quotation is a good way to begin a speech because it add
style and sophistication to a speech, and there are a lot of quotations from which to choose.
• #22T/F- Quotations can add style and sophistication to speeches.
• #23T/F- Good quotations are very easy to find because there are so many.
• #24T/F- You do need to tell your audience why a quotation’s author is noteworthy.
• #25T/F- Your quotation does not have to be serious or old to impress your audience.
• You can quote your mom or dad if it applies to your speech.
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The Introduction• Telling a story is one of the most popular attention-getters.
• A narrative is just a story.
• #26T/F- Keep opening stories short and to the point.
• Don’t get so caught up in your story that you lose sight of the purpose of your speech.
• Stories do not have to be personal. They can be interesting accounts about other people, places, events, and so on.
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The Introduction• The link is the bridge between your attention-getter and your thesis
statement.
• #27T/F- Student often overlook the link in the introduction.
• The thesis statement states the overall purpose of the speech.
• #28T/F- It is never all right to keep the audience wondering what the speech is about. The thesis statement should tell the audience your exact point.
• #29T/F- Let the audience recognize the thesis by signaling it boldly.
• The preview statement is usually one sentence at the end of the introduction that gives the audience an overview of the major areas that will be discussed in the speech.
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The Body• The body of the speech is the heart of the presentation.
• #5IC- The two ways to make the body of your speech clear and convincing is to outline your speech and to use an organizational pattern.
• An outline is the speaker’s map. It is the way you give your speech organization and direction.
• The top line of your outline is a purpose statement.
• The purpose statement is similar to the thesis statement since it states both your topic of your speech and your purpose for speaking.
• #30T/F- Everything else in the speech should relate to the purpose statement.
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Outlining Your Speech• Main headings on your outline are the major divisions, areas, or
arguments of your purpose statement that are represented by Roman numerals. (ie. I, II, III)
• Supporting materials on your outline reinforce your main headings.
• #31T/F- Supporting materials are identified in your outline by capital letters.
• Supporting materials do not have to be written out in detail.
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Outlining Your Speech• #32T/F- Do not write out your outline word for word just as you will
deliver the speech.
• Details on your outline break down the supporting materials to pinpoint accuracy. Details are represented by regular numbers.
• #33T/F- It is not a good idea to subdivide your details of your outline.
• #34T/F- Indentation in an outline indicates the subordination of ideas.
• #35T/F- No parts of an outline will contain only one item.
• Be sure to have transitions in your speech such as first, second, and third.
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Organizational Patterns• Organizational patterns are different ways that you can present your
information.
• #8B- Just as there are often several roads that lead to a location, there are several organizational patterns to use in organizing your speech.
• #6IC The following are the five possible organizational patterns:
– Chronological pattern- information in order of time,
– Spatial pattern- information in order of space,
– Problem/solution pattern- problems are followed by solutions,
– Cause/effect pattern- causes followed by effects, and
– Climatic pattern- information arranged in order of importance.
• #9B- The main headings in a cause and effect outline will often be causes and effects.
• #36T/F- It is possible to have a chronological pattern that advances climatically.
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Organizational Patterns• In the problem/solution pattern, solutions can take three different
approaches.
• #11B- A policy solution asks your audience to write the president or a congressman, to start a drive, or to rally as a group.
• #12B- An attitudinal solution asks your audience to change or strengthen their mental state regarding an issue.
• #13B- The awareness solution reminds your audience to be conscious of what they have heard and possibly implement it in their own hands.
• #9IC- The three categories for solutions and action steps include the policy solution that calls for governmental change, the attitudinal solution that calls for a change in attitude, and the awareness solution that calls for people to be more aware.
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The Conclusion• In a speech, you should “tell ‘em what you’re going to tell ‘em, tell
‘em, and then tell ‘em what you told ‘em.”
• #7IC- The three goals of a conclusion are summarizing, calling for action, and making a final appeal.
• #10B- The first part of your conclusion is usually the summary.
• #8IC- Some hints for writing a good conclusion include pointing out main headings and not being too lengthy or repetitive.
• #14B- Your final statement ends your speech, clinches your argument, and makes a memorable final impression.
• #15B – You might consider ending the same way that you started the speech by getting back to your beginning attention-getter.