Chapter 11

The Industrial Revolution There was a great

change at this time called the Industrial Revolution

There were new inventions which worked in factories that produced products more quickly

Capitalists made money off of these factories

Steam was used as power

The Industrial Revolution Women were used

in factories The Lowell Girls

worked for Francis Cabot Lowell, they lived in boarding houses under strict supervision After work

they attended lectures or went to the library

They gained education that they would not have got working on a family farm

The Industrial Revolution The most

important inventions were mass production and interchangeable parts.

Although life for the Lowell girls was good, this was not the general rule As time went on,

the conditions got worse

The Industrial Revolution Children worked to

help feed their families They worked in

textile mills; coal mines and steel factories as young as 7 years old. They were not

educated Factory conditions

were not good Poor lighting Little fresh air Many workers were

injured

The North Transformed Northern cities

began to grow because of Urbanization

Cities along the East coat became crowded because of immigrants arriving from Europe These growing

cities had problems such as filthy streets, bad sewage systems and citywide fires

The North Transformed Samuel F. B. Morse

invented the telegraph, which would send electrical signals over a wire

They used Morse code to send messages

The mechanical reaper was created to cut stalks of wheat faster then a human

Steamboats and railroads began to tie the country together because people could not transport themselves, raw materials, and manufactured goods to different places quickly

The North Transformed Immigrants entered

the United States during the 1840’s from Western Europe

In Ireland, there was a famine, in which a million people starved to death, one million people moved to the United States

Germans came because many had taken part of the revolutions, when the revolutions failed, they came to the US.

Many Americans were worried about foreigners, they were called nativists

The North Transformed African Americans in

the north faced discrimination

Although slavery had mostly ended in the North, they were not granted equal treatment They could not work in

factories or skilled trades

White newspaper showed African Americans as inferior

Freedom’s Journal was published by John B. Russwurm, to explain independence

The Plantation South In the south, slavery

became very important because of all of the cotton that was being grown.

The cotton gin increased the need of slaves

The south as called the Cotton Kingdom

People defended slavery People from the

south said that slavery was more humane than factory workers

The Plantation South Free African Americans

had laws against them, they could not go to school, vote, serve on juries or testify in court

Freedmen were often captured and sold into slavery

The laws against the slaves were called slave codes

Some slaves had skilled jobs, most did heavy farm labor they were often

whipped Families were broken

apart because they were sold

The Plantation South Although the import

of slavery was illegal by 1808, slaves still kept African customs, music and dances

Turner Revolt was led by Nat Turner and said that he had a vision to kill whites

He and other killed about 60

The Challenges of Growth Between 1792 and

1819, 8 states joined the Union

Kentucky, Tennessee, Ohio, Louisiana, Indiana, Mississippi, Illinois and Alabama

Because travel was difficult, private companies began to build turnpikes.

In wet areas, corduroy roads were built

The Challenges of Growth a. Canals were built

to allow boats to reach more places

The Challenges of Growth In 1819, 11 states

were free states, 11 states were slave states

Missouri wanted to join as a slave state

The North opposed this because then votes in the Senate would not be even

The Missouri Compromise allowed Missouri to join as a slave state if Main joined as a Free state

This lead to future difficulties