chapter 12
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CHAPTER 12. SECTION 4 (24 Slides). 1. THE MING DYNASTY. 2. The Rise of Ming. Kublai Khan died weak rulers followed Mongol groups in north broke away many Chinese resented Mongol control wanted own dynasty. 3. Reforming China. rebellions drove out Mongols - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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CHAPTER 12
SECTION 4 (24 Slides)
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THE MING DYNASTY
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The Rise of Ming
Kublai Khan died weak rulers followed Mongol groups in north broke away many Chinese resented Mongol control wanted own dynasty
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Reforming China rebellions drove out Mongols early Ming emperors provided peace & security restored civil service examinations made tests even harder “census” or count of the number of people collect taxes more accurately strong government & early Ming emperors
China’s economy begins to grow4
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Zhu Yuanzhang
rebel leader became emperor reunited country made capital Nanjing (southern China) founded Ming “Brilliant” dynasty took name Hong Wu or “Military Emperor”
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Hong Wu brought back order ordered…
canals & farms rebuilt (destroyed by Mongols)
people to move to new farms new forests planted new roads paved
proved to be a cruel leader trusted no one killed officials he suspected of
treason ruled for 30 years before death
in 1398
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YONG LE son of Zhu Yuanzhang (Hong Wu) moved capital north to Beijing built Imperial City
large palaces and government buildings
Forbidden City (center of Imperial City)
entry by only top officials home to China’s emperors
and his court (more than 500 years)
beautiful gardens many palaces with thousands
of rooms buildings still exist today
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Advancements agriculture thrived repaired & expanded the
Grand Canal imported new faster growing
types of rice from southeast Asia
helped feed large number of people living in cities
supported silk industry encouraged farmers to grow cotton and weaving cloth first time cotton worn by
Chinese
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Chinese Culture merchants & artisans
grew wealthier wanted to learn more
& be entertained Chinese writers
produced many novels, or long fictional stories
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Chinese enjoyed dramas on stagecombined spoken
words with songs with dances, costumes, & symbolic gestures
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China Explores the World
early Ming emperors curious about world outside China
increase China’s influence abroad
built large fleet of ships usually traveled along China’s
coast could also sail open sea Yong Le sent fleet on seven
overseas voyages wanted to show China’s power demanded weaker kingdoms
to pay tribute to China
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Zheng He
Muslim & court official Chinese navigator leader of seven voyages first fleet – 62 large ships,
250 smaller ships, and almost 28,000 men
largest ship – over 440 feet long five times as long as the
Santa Maria
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Where did Zheng He travel?
Southeast Asia India Persian Gulf to Arabia East Africa
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Chinese Goods Traded
silk paper porcelain
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Goods Brought Back to China
silver spices wood and more… from Africa
giraffesadditional animals for emperor’s zoo
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Chinese Officials’ Complaints
trips cost too much bad for China’s way of life
brought new ideas from outside worldhelped merchants become rich
working to gain money for themselves merchants disobeying Confucius teachings
people should place loyalty to society ahead of their own desires
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After Zheng He’s Death
officials persuaded new emperor to stop the voyages
boats were dismantled no more ships (capable of long distances)
were allowed to be builtChina’s trade with other countries declinedwithin 50 years, shipbuilding technology was
forgotten
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Portuguese Arrive in China
first Europeans to sail to China first direct contact between China &
Europe since Marco Polo wanted China to trade with them tried to convince Chinese to become
Christians
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Chinese View of Portuguese
not threatened (Ming at height of power)
Europeans Barbarians (uncivilized)
refused to trade
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By 1600…
Chinese allow Portuguese to set up trading posts in Macao (southern China)
European ships carried goods between Macao and Japan
trade still limited between China and Europe
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Despite Chinese Restrictions…
European ideas reached China arrival of Christian missionaries (Jesuits)
group of Roman Catholic priests highly educated scientific knowledge impressed Chinese brought clocks, eyeglasses, & scientific instruments did not convince Chinese to become Christians
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Fall of the Ming Dynasty
Emperors took too much power (control) officials had little desire to make improvements over time, weak rulers greedy officials
lived in luxury placed heavy tax on peasants peasants revolt
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Manchu Invasion
Law & order disappeared in Ming Dynasty Manchu attacked China’s northern border
lived northeast of Great Wallknown today as Manchuriadefeated Chinese armiescaptured Beijingset up a new dynasty (1644 Qing Dynasty)
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